Preliminary findings for a prediction model of road surface macrotexture

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(1)Available online at www.sciencedirect.com. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 53 (2012) 1110 – 1119. 0&&3

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(58) 1114. D’Apuzzo Mauro et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 53 (2012) 1110 – 1119. " G-=J;=FL-9KKAF? L@= EEKA=N=78 # MDC/=D9LAN=!=FKALQ78. K AL ;9F := K==F L@AK EG<=D KM??=KLK L@9L AF;J=9K=< E9;JG

(59) L=PLMJ= E9Q := 9;@A=N=< L@JGM?@ MK= G> ?9H

(60) ?J9<=< 9??J=?9L=K AF;J=9KAF? #* AF;J=9K= G> NGA< AF;J=9KAF? 3* MK= G> ;G9JK=J EAP=K AF;J=9KAF? 9??J=?9L=J=L=FLAGFGFL@= EEKA=N=GJ<=;J=9K=G>;GEH9;LAGF=>>GJLJ=<M;AF?<=FKALQ 1@=E9AF;@9J9;L=JAKLA;KG>9DDL@=EG<=DK9J=KMEE9JAR=<AFL@=>GDDGOAF?L9:D=19:D=9F<>A?MJ= 19:D="PAKLAF?*G<=DK;@9J9;L=JAKLA;K. 09EHD= 0AR=. #. -9J9E=L=JK. . . *0 - ; M. 311&. . . *+0 -- 31* 3*. 311&. . *+0 3*. 0MDDAN9F. . . Z -:. %-. . . #*. $

(61) %

(62) . . - /!. +9E= + %/-. /9F?=G> 39JA9LAGF *0 - ; M *+0 -- 31* 3* *+0 3*

(63) Z

(64) -: #* . #* 3*. *=9KMJ=E=FL *APLQH= E=L@G< )9K=J HJG>ADGE=L=J 0=EA

(65) ?J=FM= /GK9F. *1!7EE8 Y . )9K=J HJG>ADGE=L=J. 0=EA?J=FM= 0* ,$#. )9K=J HJG>ADGE=L=J *1!7AF8

(66) 09F<-9L;@ Y 1=KLAF?. 0=EA?J=FM= 0* ,$# 0=EA

(67) ?J=FM=. 09F<-9L;@ 1=KLAF?. 0=EA

(68) ?J=FM= ,$#. Y Y . #* 3* - /! . Y . 0=EA

(69) ?J=FM=. " . .

(70).

(71). . .

(72). .

(73). .

(74).

(75). !. #A?MJ= $J9H@A;9D<=K;JAHLAGFG>"PAKLAF?*9;JG

(76) L=PLMJ=HJ=<A;LAGF*G<=DK. ,:K=JNAF? L@= >A?MJ= AL AK HGKKA:D= LG K9Q L@9L L@= 3AJ?AFA9^K EG<=D KQKL=E9LA;9DDQ MF<=J=KLAE9L=K L@= E=9KMJ=<E9;JG

(77) L=PLMJ=;GFN=JK=DQ %-EG<=DGN=J=KLAE9L=KL@=E=9KMJ=<E9;JG

(78) L=PLMJ= 1@=+ %/-EG<=D HJ=K=FLK 9 ?GG< ;GJJ=D9LAGF >GJ DGO E9;JG

(79) L=PLMJ= N9DM=K :ML GN=J=KLAE9L=K L@= L=PLMJ= >GJ @A?@ N9DM=K 1@= 0MDDAN9F^KEG<=DAKF^LJ=HGJL=<:=;9MK=ALKJ=KMDLK9J=AF;GFKAKL=FL 1@=:=KLEG<=D9HH=9JKLG:=$

(80) %

(81) L@9L9J=.

(82) D’Apuzzo Mauro et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 53 (2012) 1110 – 1119. ;9DA:J9L=<OAL@9D9J?=FME:=JG>=PH=JAE=FL9D<9L99F<AK9:D=LGJ=HJ=K=FLL@=:=@9NAGMJG><A>>=J=FLEAPLMJ=^K LQH= DL@GM?@ L@= N9DM=K G> / HJGNA<=< :Q L@= 9ML@GJK 9J= @A?@ AL @9K LG := G:K=JN=< L@9L L@= 9EGMFL G> =PH=JAE=FL9DHGAFLK AKJ9L@=JDGO>GJ=9;@EG<=D

(83) % K;9F:=G:K=JN=<AFL@=HJ=NAGMKH9J9?J9H@ EGKLG>EG<=DK9J=:9K=<GF9DGOK9EHD=KAR=9F< 9:GN=9DD L@=Q9J=:9K=<GF9>=OEAPLMJ=^KLQH=K #GJL@=K=J=9KGFK ALO9KF=;=KK9JQLG;GE:AF=9F<=PL=F<L@=GN=J9DD 9EGMFLG>=PH=JAE=FL9D<9L9 1@=J=K=9J;@O9K;GF<M;L=<=P9EAFAF?K=N=J9DF9LAGF9D9F<AFL=JF9LAGF9DL=;@FA;9D H9H=JK7 8 #GJ=9;@ =PH=JAE=FL9DHGAFLO=J=;GDD=;L=< O@=FHGKKA:D=E=9KMJ=<E9;JG

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

(85) L=PLMJ= O9K E=9KMJ=< :Q E=9FK G> N9JAGMK <=NA;=K 9F< MKAF? <A>>=J=FLHJG;=<MJ=KQA=D<AF?<A>>=J=FLKQFL@=LA;<=K;JAHLAN=H9J9E=L=JKL@9L9J=:==F;GFN=FA=FLDQ;GFN=JL=<AF L=JEKG>9MFAIM=H9J9E=L=J"1! #JGE L@= LGL9D FME:=J G> ;GDD=;L=< <9L9 :=DGF? LG K=EA

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

(87) L@=+ %/- 3AJ?AFA9 0MDDAN9FEG<=DKKQKL=E9LA;9DDQMF<=J=KLAE9L=L@=J=9DN9DM=KG>E9;JG

(88) L=PLMJ=

(89) L@= %9FKGF -JGO=DD^K EG<=D K@GOK 9 ?GG< 9?J==E=FL >GJ DGO E9;JG

(90) L=PLMJ= N9DM=K :ML 9 HGGJ 9?J==E=FLOAL@@A?@E9;JG

(91) L=PLMJ=N9DM=K

(92) L@= J=;9DA:J9L=< EG<=D L@9L K@GOK L@= :=KL >ALLAF? O9K $GG<E9F \ %9KK9F \ :< "D %9DAE EG<=D 9DL@GM?@/ AK;GFKA<=J9:DQDGO=JL@9F/ G:L9AF=<:QL@=9ML@GJKOAL@K9EHD=<9L9 >MJL@=JEGJ= L@= EG<=D ALK=D> K@GO 9 KA?FA>A;9FL MF<=J=KLAE9LAGF G> E9;JG

(93) L=PLMJ= 9K L@= E9;JG

(94) L=PLMJ=ALK=D>AF;J=9K=. 1115.

(95) 1116. D’Apuzzo Mauro et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 53 (2012) 1110 – 1119. 19:D=/=;9DA:J9L=<"PAKLAF?*G<=DK. +9E=. 0LJM;LMJ= % . + %/-. 09EHD= 0AR=. /. -. /9F?=G> 39JA9LAGF. *1!7EE8. . . . *0 - ; M . Y . $ " . , :. 311&. % !$ ' . . . . *+0 3* . Y . 0MDDAN9F. % "+ . . . . Z -: . Y . . . . . #* . Y . ' % . " # . . . . #* 3* - /! . Y . %-. $

(96) %

(97) . . 0=E

(98) $J= 0* ,$# 0=E

(99) $J= 0* ,$# 0=E

(100) $J= 0* ,$# 0=E

(101) $J= 0* ,$# 0=E

(102) $J= 0* ,$#. -=9JKGF^K G=>>A;A=FL. . . . . . !. . . . . !. . . . . . . . . % . *APLQH=. . . . . . !. . . . . !. . . . !. #A?MJ= "KLAE9L=<L=PLMJ=<=HL@30*=9KMJ=<L=PLMJ=<=HL@9;;GJ<AF?LG+ %/-9 311&: 0MDDAN9F; %-< $

(103) %

(104) =EG<=DK.

(105) " # 0AF;= J=KMDLK <=JAN=< >JGE J=;9DA:J9LAGF O=J= >9AJDQ MFK9LAK>9;LGJQ 9 F=O EG<=D KLJM;LMJ= @9K :==F AFN=KLA?9L=< #GDDGOAF? 9F =PL=FKAN= 9F9DQKAK 9 EMDLAHDA;9LAN= KLJM;LMJ= OAL@ <A>>=J=FL =PHGF=FLK >GJ =9;@ N9JA9:D="IM9LAGFO9KMK=< +. ,. -. .. % * = = = = O@=J=L@=AF<=H=F<=FLN9JA9:D=K9J=J=D9L=<LG?J9<AF?9F<NGDME=LJA;HJGH=JLA=KG>:ALMEAFGMKEAP=K.

(106) 1117. D’Apuzzo Mauro et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 53 (2012) 1110 – 1119. KQKL=E9LA; KLM<Q G> 9DD HGKKA:D= IM9<JMHD=K G> AF<=H=F<=FL N9JA9:D=K O9K H=J>GJE=< LG A<=FLA>Q L@= :=KL >ALLAF?LOG ?J9<AF?9F<LOG NGDME=LJA;N9JA9:D=K O=J=C=HL>GJ =9;@9LL=EHL9F< O=J=;@GK=F:=LO==F31* 3* #* -: *0 - ; M 3: 9F< Z 1@AJLQ <A>>=J=FL EMDLAHDA;9LAN= EG<=DK OAL@ >GMJ AF<=H=F<=FL N9JA9:D=KO=J=KLM<A=<9F<L@J==<A>>=J=FLEG<=DKO=J=>GMF<9?=F=J9DEG<=D 90*

(107) ,$# EG<=D9F<K=EA

(108) ?J=FM=EG<=D 1@=>AF9DJ=KMDLK9J=HJ=K=FL=<AFL@=>GDDGOAF?19:D=9F<AF>A?MJ= 19:D=+=OEG<=DK +9E=. 0LJM;LMJ= "1!7EE8. $=F=J9D EG<=D. *. ' + , "+, " .. 0*

(109) ,$# EG<=D. *. ' + , "+, " .. 0=EA

(110) $J=FM= EG<=D. *. ' + , "+, " .. 9. :. ;. <. =. 09 0AR=. 39DM= 0L != -J /=B . . . . . . . 39DM= 0L != -J /=B . . . . . . 39DM= 0L != -J /=B . . .

(111) . . . /. -. /9F?=G> 39JA9LAGF. *1! 7EE8. *AP LQH= 0=E

(112) 3* $J= - Y ; 0* -: ,$#. . . . 3* - ; -: . Y . 0* ,$#. . . . 3* M ; -: . Y . 0=E

(113) $J=. 9;;GJ<AF?LGL=KLG>L@=FMDD@QHGL@=KAK_-J /=B`J=HJ=K=FLKL@=HJG:9:ADALQL@9LL@=;9DA:J9L=<H9J9E=L=JK9J= J=B=;L=<AFL@=HJGHGK=< =IM9LAGFKAF;9K=KG>_-J /=B`AK;DGK=LG L@=H9J9E=L=J;9FMKM9DDQ:=J=EGN=<>JGEL@=EG<=DOAL@GML9>>=;LAF?L@=J=?J=KKAGF9;;MJ9;Q. K AL ;9F := G:K=JN=< L@= F=O HJGHGK=< EG<=DK 9J= ;@9J9;L=JAR=< :Q IMAL= 9;;=HL9:D= N9DM=K G> / 9F< -=9JKGF^K G=>>A;A=FL 9DL@GM?@L@=Q9J=FGL9DO9QKK9LAK>9;LGJQ &LAKOGJL@LGFGLA;=L@9LL@=DAF=9JJ=?J=KKAGFG> <9L9AFL@=?J9H@A;9DJ=HJ=K=FL9LAGFG>=KLAE9L=<NKE=9KMJ=<N9DM=KAK;DGK=JLGL@=:AK=;LGJOAL@J=KH=;LLGL@= J=;9DA:J9L=<EG<=DHJ=NAGMKDQK@GO=<K==>A?MJ= +GLMFA>GJEKGMJ;=9F<F9LMJ=G><9L9E9Q@9N=9>>=;L=< L@=J=KMDLK #MJL@=JEGJ= L@==>>=;LKG>LJ9>>A;;GEH9;LAGFAFKG>9JALE9Q9>>=;LL@=<=;J=9K=G>L@=EAPLMJ=NGA< 9F<L@=J=9DDG;9LAGFG>9??J=?9L=H9JLA;D=K9LL@=H9N=E=FLKMJ>9;=@9KFGLL9C=FAFLG9;;GMFL . . .

(114) . !. . . . ! . #A?MJ= $J9H@A;9D<=K;JAHLAGFG>L@=F=OE9;JG

(115) L=PLMJ=HJ=<A;LAF?EG<=DK.

(116) 1118. D’Apuzzo Mauro et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 53 (2012) 1110 – 1119. ! 1@= =PAKLAF? E9;JG

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

(118) L@=E=9KMJ=<E9;JG

(119) L=PLMJ=N9DM=K O=J=J=;GJ<=<OAL@<A>>=J=FLL=;@FAIM=:GL@D9K=J9F<KL9F<9J< NGDME=LJA;K9F<H9L;@ E=L@G<9F<L@=FL@=Q O=J=;GFN=JL=<AFLG9;GEEGFKQFL@=LA;<=K;JAHLAN= H9J9E=L=J F9E=DQ L@= "1! AF GJ<=J LG @9JEGFAR= L@=E ;GFN=JKAGF =IM9LAGF FGL 9DO9QK HJGNA<= K9LAK>9;LGJQJ=KMDLK>GJ=9;@LQH=G>EAPLMJ==P9EAF=<

(120) 9K >9J 9K L@= =PH=JAE=FL9D AFN=KLA?9LAGFK <=JAN=< >JGE JG9< LJA9DK 9J= ;GF;=JF=< L@=J= E9Q := 9 EAKE9L;@ :=LO==F L@= HGAFL G> =PLJ9;LAGF G> L@= K9EHD= ;GJ=K 9F< L@= HGAFL G> E9;JG

(121) L=PLMJ= E=9KMJ=E=FLKL@AKE9Q9>>=;LKGE=@GONGDME=LJA;9F<?J9<AF?HJGH=JLA=KG>EAPLMJ=K9F<L@=J=>GJ= L@=J=DA9:ADALQG>L@=HJ=<A;LAGFEG<=DALK=D>

(122) >MJL@=JEGJ= KAF;= 9K HJ=NAGMKDQ @A?@DA?@L=< KGE= E9;JG

(123) L=PLMJ= N9DM=K @9N= :==F <=JAN=< >JGE JG9<K=;LAGFK=PHGK=<LGL@=LJ9>>A; HGKL

(124) ;GEH9;LAGFH@=FGE=F9AF<M;=<:QLJ9>>A;9;LAGFK=P=JL=< E9Q@9N=HD9Q=<9J=D=N9FLJGD=AFL@=EG<A>A;9LAGFKG>NGDME=LJA;HJGH=JLA=KG>L@=EAPLMJ=KGJ9F< AFL@=H9JLA9DJA

(125) 9DDG;9LAGFG>9??J=?9L=H9JLA;D=KL@MK9>>=;LAF?L@=?GG<F=KKG>>ALG>L@=EG<=DALAK OGJL@LG:=FGLA;=<L@9LL@AKH@=FGE=F99DL@GM?@AK9;CFGOD=<?=<AFL@=L=;@FA;9DDAL=J9LMJ= @9KFGL :=9<=IM9L=DQL9C=FAFLG9;;GMFLAF9DDL@=KLM<A=KAFN=KLA?9L=<KG>9J #MJL@=J=PL=FKAGFG>K9EHD=KAR=AKF==<=<AFGJ<=JLG:=LL=JAFN=KLA?9L=GFL@=:=@9NAGMJG>FGF

(126) ;GFN=FLAGF9D EAP=K ,$# 9F< 0* OAL@ @A?@=J E9;JG

(127) L=PLMJ= N9DM=K %GO=N=J 9DL@GM?@ >AF9D J=KMDLK KLADD J=E9AF >9AJDQ K9LAK>9;LGJQ L@=K=EG<=DKE9QJ=HJ=K=FL9F=>>=;LAN=LGGDLGHJ=<A;LE9;JG

(128) L=PLMJ=9L9F=9JDQ<=KA?FKL9?=. # 1@=HJ=;AGMKKM??=KLAGFKG>-JG> JMF9#=KL99F<L@=KMHHGJLG>L@=KL9>>G>)9:GJ9LGJQG>/G9<*9L=JA9DK9L !=H9JLE=FLG> 1J9FKHGJL9LAGF"F?AF==JAF?G>2FAN=JKALQG>+9HD=K_#=<=JA;G&&`9J=?J9L=>MDDQ9;CFGOD=<?=<. 78&0,

(129) _ @9J9;L=JAR9LAGFG>H9N=E=FLL=PLMJ=:QMK=G>KMJ>9;=HJG>AD=K` &FL=JF9LAGF9D,J?9FAR9LAGF>GJ0L9F<9J<AR9LAGF 78* !HMRRG 3 +A;GDGKA _F=OE=L@G<GDG?Q>GJKLG;@9KLA;EG<=DDAF?G>-9Q#9;LGJKAF%GL

(130) *AP9KH@9DLH9N=E=FLK `/,! *1"/&)0+!-3"*"+1!"0&$+ 3GDME= H9?

(131) &00+

(132) !,& /*-! %0

(133) S )9NGAKA=J -9JAK 7801*" _0L9F<9J<1=KL*=L@G<>GJ*=9KMJAF?-9N=E=FL*9;JGL=PLMJ=!=HL@2KAF?93GDME=LJA;1=;@FAIM=` E=JA;9F 0G;A=LQ>GJ1=KLAF?9F<*9L=JA9DK 7801*" _0MJ>9;= @9J9;L=JAKLA;K/=D9L=<LG1AJ=-9N=E=FL0DAH/=KAKL9F;=` 1=;@FA;9D GEEALL=="GF3=@A;D=

(134) -9N=E=FL0QKL=EK E=JA;9F0G;A=LQ>GJ1=KLAF?9F<*9L=JA9DK 7801*" _0L9F<9J<-J9;LA;=>GJ 9D;MD9LAF?-9N=E=FL*9;JGL=PLMJ=*=9F-JG>AD=!=HL@` E=JA;9F0G;A=LQ>GJ1=KLAF?9F< *9L=JA9DK 78* 0LJGMH

(135) $9J<AF=J " / JGOF _0=?J=?9LAGFAF%GL \*APKH@9DL-9N=E=FLK` + %/-J=HGJL +9LAGF9D;9<=EQHJ=KK +9LAGF9D GGH=J9LAN=%A?@O9Q/=K=9J;@-JG?J9E .

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(137) KH==<L=PLMJ=E=9KMJ=E=FLKLGAEHJGN=L@=MFA>GJEALQG>@GL

(138) EAP 9KH@9DL` 31/ K=JA=K 3AJ?AFA91J9FKHGJL9LAGF/=K=9J;@ GMF;ADAF GGH=J9LAGFOAL@L@=2 0 !=H9JLE=FLG>1J9FKHGJL9LAGF#=<=J9D %A?@O9Q<EAFAKLJ9LAGF @9JDGLL=KNADD= 3AJ?AFA9 780MDDAN9F 4 _!=N=DGHE=FLG>9#MF<9E=FL9D0CA</=KAKL9F;=KH@9DL*AP!=KA?F-JG;=<MJ=` -JG;==<AF?K &FL=JF9LAGF9D GF>=J=F;=GF0MJ>9;=#JA;LAGF @JAKL;@MJ;@ +=O6=9D9F< 7801*! _0L9F<9J<1=KL*=L@G<>GJKH@9DL GFL=FLG>%GL

(139) *APKH@9DL:Q&?FALAGF*=L@G<` E=JA;9F0G;A=LQ>GJ 1=KLAF?9F<*9L=JA9DK 78%9FKGF ! 9F<-JGO=DD _"N9DM9LAGFG> AJ;MD9J1=PLMJ=*=L=J>GJE=9KMJAF?KMJ>9;=L=PLMJ=G>H9N=E=FLK` + 1/=HGJL

(140) +9LAGF9D =FL=JG>KH@9DLL=;@FGDG?Q 78$GG<E9F 0 %9KK9F 5 9F<:<"D%9DAE , _-J=DAEAF9JQ"KLAE9LAGFG>KH@9DL-9N=E=FL#JA;LAGF9D-JGH=JLA=K#JGE 0MH=JH9N=$QJ9LGJQ0H=;AE=FK9F<*AP-9J9E=L=JK` 1J9FKHGJL9LAGF/=K=9J;@G9J<FFM9D*==LAF?-JG;==<AF?KGF !

(141) /GE 7801*! _0L9F<9J<1=KL*=L@G<>GJ!=L=JEAFAF?1@=/=D9LAN=!=FKALQ0H=;A>A;$J9NALQF<:KGJHLAGF,>#AF= ??J=?9L=K2KAF?&F>J9J=<` E=JA;9F0G;A=LQ>GJ 1=KLAF?9F<*9L=JA9DK 789F<9J9+ %=LLA9J9;@;@A % *==?G<9' + /GO=$ * 9F<0@9JJG;C* ' ` GJJ=D9LAGFG>0MJ>9;=1=PLMJ= 0=?J=?9LAGF9F< *=9KMJ=E=FLG>AJ3GA<K` &FL=JF9D/=HGJL#%4

(142) +'

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(144) +=O'=JK=Q!=H9JLE=FLG>1J9FKHGJL9LAGF 78-9NAE=FL9D&FL=JF9D/=HGJL _)9NGJA<AE9FML=FRAGF=HJG?J9EE9L9<=DD=H9NAE=FL9RAGFA9FFG` 78?GKLAF9;;@AG * GK;9AFG $ 9F<!GF<A $ _ 1),$,-/"016&,+)"!"&*+1&&12*&+,0& 02-"/#& &)&` -JG?=LLG<A/AD=N9FL=&FL=J=KK=+9RAGF9D=FT FFM9D*==LAF? !

(145) /GE 78%9JN=Q ' 1 9F<)M . _)9:GJ9LGJQ=N9DM9LAGFG>,H=F

(146) $J9<=<KH@9DL*AP=KOAL@KE9DD9??J=?9L=K9F<N9JAGMK:AF<=JK9F< 9<<ALAN=K` 1J9FKHGJL9LAGF/=K=9J;@G9J< FFM9D*==LAF? 49K@AF?LGF! 78?GKLAF9;;@AG * 9F<,DAL9 0 _2K=G>=PH9F<=<;D9Q>GJL@=EAP<=KA?FG>@A?@

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(148) GLLG:J= 78JGOF" / GGD=Q) 'J %9FKGF! )QFF -JGO=DD -GO=DD 9F<49LKGF! _+ 1L=KLLJ9;C<=KA?F ;GFKLJM;LAGF 9F<H=J>GJE9F;=` + 1/=HGJL

(149) +9LAGF9D =FL=JG>KH@9DLL=;@FGDG?Q 78!GD;A 9F<$A9FF9LL9KAG # `-GDAE=JA=>A:J=H=JH9NAE=FL9RAGFAAJJMNA<AL=` )=0LJ9<=FT 78#AGJ= # 9F<)M;A9 & _)9E9;JGL=KKALMJ9<=DD=KMH=J>A;AKLJ9<9DA9F9DAKAKH=JAE=FL9DA=KNADMHHG<AEG<=DDAHJ=NAKAGF9DA` 1=KA <AD9MJ=9AF&F?=?F=JA9<=A1J9KHGJLA_)MA?A1G;;@=LLA` 2FAN=JKALU<=?DA0LM<A<A+9HGDA_#=<=JA;G&&` 7869N9LL=JG* _/G9<KMJ>9;=L=PLMJ=9F<9??J=?9L=KAR=G>L@=EAP=K` /GML=K/G9<K &KKM=FME:=J HH

(150) 4GJD</G9< KKG;A9LAGF

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(152)