Finding a Midpoint between Civil and Military Use. The Case of Villaputzu (Sardinia, Italy)

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ISSN 2521-3938

Manfred SCHRENK, Vasily V. POPOVICH, Peter ZEILE, Pietro ELISEI,

Clemens BEYER, Judith RYSER, Christa REICHER, Canan ÇELIK (Eds.)

PROCEEDINGS

TAGUNGSBAND

of the 25

th

_{International Conference on Urban Planning,}

Regional Development and Information Society

A co-operation of

CD-Rom Edition: ISBN 978-3-9504173-8-8 Print Edition: ISBN 978-3-9504173-9-5

EDITION #1

APRIL 2020

15-18 SEPTEMBER 2020, RWTH AACHEN, GERMANY

TEMPLERGRABEN 57, 52062 AACHEN

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REAL CORP 2020: SHAPING URBAN CHANGE

Livable City Regions for the 21

st

Century

Proceedings of

25

th

International Conference on Urban Planning, Regional Development and Information Society

1

st

Edition, April 2020

Beiträge zur

25. internationalen Konferenz zu Stadtplanung, Regionalentwicklung und Informationsgesellschaft

1. Auflage, April 2020

Edited by

Manfred SCHRENK, Vasily V. POPOVICH, Peter ZEILE,

Pietro ELISEI, Clemens BEYER, Judith RYSER, Christa REICHER, Canan ÇELIK

Vienna, 2020

CD-ROM-Edition

ISBN: 978-3-9504173-8-8

Print-Edition

ISBN: 978-3-9504173-9-5

ISSN 2521-3938 (Online), ISSN 2521-392X (Print)

Im Selbstverlag des Vereins

CORP – Competence Center of Urban and Regional Planning

Kompetenzzentrum für Stadtplanung und Regionalentwicklung

Klosterneuburger Straße 121/36, 1200 Wien, Österreich

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4 REAL CORP 2020: SHAPING URBAN CHANGE

Livable City Regions for the 21st Century – Aachen, Germany

TEAM

Manfred SCHRENK

Clemens BEYER

Wolfgang W. WASSERBURGER

Judith RYSER

Christa REICHER

Canan ÇELIK

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REAL CORP 2020 Proceedings/Tagungsband

15-18 September 2020 – https://www.corp.at

ISBN 978-3-9504173-8-8 (CD), 978-3-9504173-9-5 (print)

Editors: Manfred SCHRENK, Vasily V. POPOVICH, Peter ZEILE, Pietro ELISEI, Clemens BEYER, Judith RYSER, Christa REICHER

5 PREFACE

Manfred SCHRENK,

Conference Director,

President CORP – Competence Center of Urban and Regional Planning

WELCOME to REAL CORP 2020, the

25

th

International Conference on Urban & Regional Development and Spatial Planning

in the Information Society!

REAL CORP 2020 under the topic “Shaping Urban Change” tries to explore the common things in different trends which can be seen in urban development around the globe.

Historic administrative boundaries do not represent real urban structures any more, cities expand beyond these boundaries and form metropolitan regions, which may even result in transnational functional urban areas and agglomerations. In almost all cases it is of utmost importance to coordinate urban development between several governments, administrative authorities and institutions on different levels, but this task turns out to be a quite difficult one.

Cities and regions are hungry for resources and see themselves opposed to density and environmental problems as well as other threats, nevertheless sustainability, resilience, high quality of life and considerate exploitation of natural resources are central goals of urban development. New technologies and digitisation play an essential role in the development of cities, urban regions and metropolises – without appropriate urban, environmental and mobility technologies it would hardly be possible to see urban development, maintenance of functionality and creation of livable urban areas.

In some parts of the world – particularly in China and India, but also in Japan and South-East Asia, and in parts of South America, Africa and the Gulf region – cities and metropolises are growing undamped and hundreds of millions of people are attracted to cities. However, in numerous European cities and agglomerations we can currently see two kinds of processes which may appear to be contradictory at first glance: reurbanisation and regionalisation. The return to core cities as a place of life has a lot of reasons, but it is strongly linked to changes in the working environment and the trend to combine working and living much more as it were possible in suburban fringe areas. But many city centres are lacking affordable housing space, whereas there are plenty of vacancies in the surroudings. Wrong allocations create unnecessary commuter flows.

REAL CORP 2020 aims to discuss strategies and concepts for quality change management in the light of the challenges outlined above, which arise in neighbourhoods, cities, urban regions and metropolitan areas. This also raises the question of who the actual actors of current urban, regional and metropolitan regional development are and what role planners can play in the corresponding scenarios.

The renowned RWTH Aachen in the historical European medium sized city of Aachen, in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia with its rich mining and industrial tradition, located in a cross-border city region in the border triangle Germany-Belgium-Netherlands, is the ideal place to discuss these developments and challenges with experts from all over the world.

This year we brought together some 250 participants from more than 40 countries worldwide. The main goal of the REAL CORP conference series isto bring together leading experts in the field of spatial planning, geoinformation and related disciplines to exchange their knowledge, share their ideas, discuss current

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PREFACE

6 REAL CORP 2020: SHAPING URBAN CHANGE

developments and get together for face to face networking leading to the development of new thoughts, partnerships and projects. The success of the REAL CORP conferences is – clearly without doubt – the result of the efforts of participants, reviewers, and the conference organising team consisting of CORP association and RWTH Aachen – Department of Urban Design. We would like to acknowledge the Reviewer Team and Programme Committee members for their valueable voluntary help with the review process. Our thanks go to all participants and authors of the submitted papers as well.

The proceedings of this year’s conference contain 122 scientific papers; 98 of them were selected after a double-blind, double-stage (for both abstracts and full papers) peer-review process for publication and presentation at

the 25th International Conference on Urban Planning and Regional Development in the Information Society,

REAL CORP 2020. The non-reviewed papers were accepted by the programme committee after a double-blind abstract review. The conference is held from 15 to 18 September 2020 in Aachen, Germany, in co-operation with RWTH Aachen – Department of Urban Design and Ministry for Regional Identity, Communities and Local Government, Building and Gender Equality of the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Welcome to Aachen! Have a great conference!

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All rights reserved. – Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Editors – Herausgeber:

DI Manfred SCHRENK, President CORP – Competence Center of Urban and Regional Planning, Vienna, Austria

Prof. Dr. Vasily V. POPOVICH, SPIIRAS, St. Petersburg, Russia

Dr.-Ing. Peter ZEILE, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany

Dr.-Ing. Pietro ELISEI, URBASOFIA, Bucharest, Romania

Dipl.-Ing. Clemens BEYER, CORP – Competence Center of Urban and Regional Planning, Vienna, Austria

Arch. Judith RYSER, City Scope Europe, London, UK

Prof. Christa REICHER, RWTH Aachen; Aachen, Germany

Canan ÇELIK, M. Sc., RWTH Aachen; Aachen, Germany

Publisher – Medieninhaber und Verleger:

CORP – Competence Center of Urban and Regional Planning

Kompetenzzentrum für Stadtplanung und Regionalentwicklung

Klosterneuburger Straße 121/36, 1200 Vienna, Austria

office@corp.at, https://www.corp.at

CD-ROM Edition:

ISBN 978-3-9504173-6-4

Print Edition:

ISBN 978-3-9504173-7-1

ISSN 2521-3938 (Online), ISSN 2521-392X (Print)

Contributions by the authors reflect their own findings, views and opinions which may not necessarily be consistent with the views and opinions of the editors.

Die Arbeiten geben die Erkenntnisse und Ansichten des jeweiligen Autors wieder und müssen nicht mit den Ansichten der Herausgeber übereinstimmen.

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REAL CORP 2020 Proceedings – Tagungsband Inhaltsverzeichnis –Table of Contents

ISBN 978-3-9504173-8-8 (CD), 978-3-9504173-9-5 (print)

9 Table of Contents – Inhaltsverzeichnis

PREFACE ... 5

Manfred SCHRENK, ... 5

Analysewerkzeug zur indikatorgestützten Umfeldanalyse – Erkennen, Vergleichen, Übertragen ... 15

Katharina Graf, Saoussen Jouini, Sebastian Ebertshäuser, Petra von Both ... 15

Analysing and Evaluating Gender+ Specific Requirements in Urban Space to Support Urban Planning ... 27

Ernst Gebetsroither-Geringer, Magdalena Bürbaumer, Theresa Fink ... 27

Analysis in Selected European Smart City Districts regarding Ageing Population... 37

Nina Alisa Habe, Aglaée Degros ... 37

Application of Gaode OPEN API in the Fire-Fighting Facility Planning Evaluation ... 45

Bing Han, Jialing Wang, Tan Tang ... 45

Approaches of Flexible Spatial Planning to Sustainable Cities ... 57

Antonia Stratmann ... 57

Automatisierte Generierung eines 3D-Baumkatasters am Beispiel des KIT Campus Nord ... 65

Jonas Hurst, Andreas Geiger ... 65

Behaviour Change towards Sustainable Mobility triggered by Nudging Initiatives ... 75

Roman Klementschitz, Valerie Batiajew, Oliver Roider ... 75

Between Urban Transformation and Everyday Practices – Participation and Co-Production in the City of Tarija, Bolivia ... 87

Fabio Bayro-Kaiser ... 87

Bridging Policy Streams of Minerals and Land Use Planning: a Conceptualisation and Comparative Analysis of Instruments for Policy Integration in 11 European Member States ... 95

Andreas Endl, Sara Louise Gottenhuber, Katharina Gugerell ... 95

Building a Common Platform: Integrative and Territorial Approach to Planning Cultural Heritage within the Framework of the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia 2021-2035 ... 107

Ana Niković, Božidar Manić ... 107

Campus Development of the IDEA League Universities ... 117

Hanna Potulski ... 117

Campus Sustainability Appraisal in Nigeria: Setting up Sustainable Attributes for Higher Educational Institutions ... 123

Yusuf A. Adenle, Yi Sun, Chi-Kwan Chau, Edwin Chan ... 123

Canberra – Cultural Controversies and Urban Change in a Capital City Region ... 133

Karl F. Fischer, James Weirick ... 133

Climate Urgency and Cities: Action and Reaction, Evidence and Reluctance ... 147

Judith Ryser, Teresa Franchini ... 147

Co-Creation and Sustainable Urban Planning: How to Co-Create Sustainable Mobility Solutions at the Neighbourhood Level? Experiences from the Horizon 2020 Project “Sunrise” ... 163

Nadine Haufe, Lukas Franta ... 163

Connected E-Mobility, IoT and its Emerging Requirements for Planning and Infrastructures ... 175

Jan-Philipp Exner, Sebastian Bauer, Kateryna Novikova, Jeffrey Ludwig, Dirk Werth ... 175

Das Konzept der Regiopole als Entwicklungsstrategie kleinerer Großstädte im (inter-)nationalen Standortwettbewerb ... 183

Tobias Weber, Swantje Grotheer, Kirsten Mangels ... 183

Deciphering and Modelling Spatiotemporal Patterns and Processes across Scales – Migratory Flows and their Implications under a Healthy City Scenario in the Ruhr Area, Germany ... 195

Janka Lengyel, Jan Friedrich ... 195

Decision Support System Design as a Method to Enhance Public Participation in Urban Development: The CRISALIDE Project, Rostov-on-Don ... 205

Elena Batunova, Sergey Thrukhachev, Pietro Elisei, Miruna Draghia, Oksana Smirnova, Vasily V. Popovich, Manfred Schrenk, Elena Khiteva, Vasile Meita ... 205

DevOps Competences for Smart City Administrators ... 213

Hans Rüdiger Kaufmann, Dolores Bengoa, Christoph Sandbrink, Angeliki Kokkinaki, Achilles Kameas, Altheo Valentini, Omiros Iatrellis ... 213

Digitales Entwerfen von Stadt – vom Geodesign zur Echtzeitplanung ... 225

Peter Zeile, Nina Haug, Markus Neppl ... 225

“Digital.Labor” – Co-Creation for the Digital City of Tomorrow ... 235

Sven Funk, Jennifer Krauß ... 235

E-Scooter as Environmentally Friendly Last Mile Option? Insights on Spatial and Infrastructural Implications for Urban Areas based on the Example of Vienna ... 243

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REAL CORP 2020 Proceedings – Tagungsband Inhaltsverzeichnis – Table of Contents

10 REAL CORP 2020: SHAPING URBAN CHANGE

Enterprise BIM: A Holistic Approach to the Future of Smart Buildings ... 251

Tor Åsmund Evjen, Seyed Reza Hosseini Raviz, Sobah Abbas Petersen ... 251

Environmental Analysis of the Residential Sector in Cairo ... 261

Mohamed Edeisy ... 261

Erweiterte typologische Betrachtung als Werkzeug zur Integration von Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten in Stadtplanungsprozesse ... 273

Stefan Staehle, Jörn Zitta, Katharina Buseinus, Alexandra Rode ... 273

Estimating the HARA Land Use Model for Housing Planning based on Hedonic Price Analysis ... 285

Jianfei Li, Ioulia Ossokina, Theo Arentze ... 285

Evaluating the Impact of Innovative Public Transport Systems: a Case of South Africa ... 293

Thembani Moyo, Trynos Gumbo, Walter Musakwa, Emaculate Ingwani ... 293

Experiences and Future of Using VR in the Construction Sector ... 301

Alina Makhkamova, Jan-Philipp Exner, Jan Spilski, Simon Bender, Mareike Schmidt, Martin Pietschmann, Dirk Werth, Daniel Rugel ... 301

Feeling Safe in Urban Estates: Learning from Riverwood, Sydney ... 311

Samaneh Arasteh ... 311

Flächenkonflikte urbaner Mobilität – mit Flexibilisierung zu mehr Raumpotenzial? ... 323

Antonia Stratmann, Sina Diersch ... 323

Following the Smartness: Leipzig as a Follower City in a Horizon 2020 Smart Cities and Communities Lighthouse Project 335 Andreia Lopes Azevedo, Sonja Stöffler, Trinidad Fernandez ... 335

Forschung, Bildung und Transfer in der Kreativwirtschaft von Klein- und Mittelstädten ... 345

Oliver Hall, Marcel Cardinali ... 345

French Connections – Examining the Residential Clustering and Dispersion of Francophones in the Toronto Area... 355

Nicolas Karwowski, Claus Rinner ... 355

From Urban Design to Energy Simulation – a Data Conversion Process Bridging the Gap Between Two Domains ... 365

Rushikesh Padsala, Theresa Fink, Jan Peters-Anders, Ernst Gebetsroither-Geringer, Volker Coors ... 365

Geographies of Ageing in Flanders (Belgium) ... 377

Wesley Gruijthuijsen, Dominique Vanneste ... 377

Grätzlrad Wien: Nutzerinnen- und Nutzerstruktur und Nutzungsverhalten in host-basiertem Lastenrad-Sharing ... 391

Fabian Dorner, Linda Dörrzapf, Martin Berger ... 391

Größere Discounter, kleinere Verbrauchermärkte und Onlineshops: Welche Rolle spielen die aktuellen Trends im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel für die Nahversorgung im ländlichen Raum? ... 401

Thomas Wieland ... 401

How to Attract the Right Economic Activities in a Certain Spatial Environment? ... 413

Jan Zaman, Inge Pennincx, Sophie De Mulder ... 413

Identifying Locations Suitable for Innovative Urban Public Transport Integration in Gauteng Province ... 423

Siphiwe Mbatha, Trynos Gumbo ... 423

Identifying Policies and Legislative Frameworks to Create Integrated Innovative Public Transport in Gauteng Province ... 431

Siphiwe Mbatha, Trynos Gumbo ... 431

Improving Urban Regulations to Raise the City’s Green Area Rates to Achieve Quality of Life Standards ... 437

Youssef Abdelhakeem Elsayed, Said Hassanien Al-Sayed ... 437

Industrial Landscapes Between Environmental Sustainability and Landscape Constraints: The Case Study of Euralluminia in the Sulcis Area of Sardinia (Italy) ... 449

Pasquale Mistretta, Chiara Garau, Giulia Desogus ... 449

Integrate Traditional Ecological Knowledge into Disaster Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies in High Risk Settlements – a Case Study of Taiwan ... 459

Chia-En Tsai, Tzu-Ling Chen ... 459

Integrated Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Causal Urban Food-Water-Energy Relations towards more Climate-Resilient Cities... 469

Romana Stollnberger, Ernst Gebetsroither-Geringer, Ulrike Magerl ... 469

Interventionen für eine nachhaltige Mobilitätskultur? ... 479

Paul Achatz, Linda Dörrzapf, Martin Berger ... 479

Is Green Infrastructure a Game Changer for Sustainable Regional Development? A Scenario Approach for Stuttgart Region ... 491

Till Jenssen ... 491

Klimabelange in der Bauleitplanung... 497

Sascha Henninger, Martin Rumberg, Martin Fabisch, Thomas Langer ... 497

Ko-produktive Stadtentwicklung? Steuerungsansätze und Steuerungsprobleme mit kreativen Wertschöpfungsprozessen ... 507

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Kommunale Profile zur Prüfung möglicher Übertragbarkeiten von lokalen Entwicklungskonzepten ... 517

Katharina Graf, Petra von Both ... 517

Läuft mit GIS?! Erhebung von Fußgängerfreundlichkeit mittels mobiler GIS ... 529

Kerstin Kopal ... 529

Land as a Scarce Resource, Work and Workspaces as a Common. The Case of the Metropolitan Region Amsterdam ... 541

Bernardina Borra, Gert Urhahn ... 541

Leveraging Newly Available Big Data for Urban Architectural Heritage: Designing a Recommendation System for Heritage Sites through the Lens of Social Media ... 553

S.Sezi Karayazi, Gamze Dane, Bauke de Vries ... 553

Micro Housing: No Contribution to Affordable Housing – a Berlin Case Study ... 565

Simon Hein, Johannes Nießen ... 565

MILP Model for Energy Supply Design to overcome the Cannibalization of Solar Thermal Plants and large-scale Heat Pumps in Urban District Heating Systems ... 575

Christian Thommessen, Jan Scheipers, Jürgen Roes, Angelika Heinzel, Somil Miglani, Balázs Bokor ... 575

Monitoring Street Infrastructures with Artificial Intelligence ... 589

Jan-Philipp Exner, Oliver Nalbach, Dirk Werth ... 589

Multimodale Verkehrslösungen als Chance für nachhaltige städtisch-ländliche Beziehungen ... 599

Lisa Bauchinger, Anna Reichenberger, Theresia Oedl-Wieser, Thomas Dax ... 599

Nanjing Golou Campus as Interface of Public Space and Learning Environment... 609

Stefan Netsch, Katharina Gugerell ... 609

New Places for Urban Development – the Space between Historical City Centres and Post-War Expansions Areas ... 615

Stefan Netsch, Matthias Gnigler... 615

New Policies For The Development Of Informal Settlements ... 619

Mahmoud Zaki, Walaa Mehanna, Salma Lasheen ... 619

Nutzen der Digitalisierung auf eine nachhaltige Landschafts- und Raumentwicklung: Ergebnisse einer breit angelegten Delphi-Umfrage in der Schweiz ... 623

Sybille Rapberger, Dirk Engelke, Claudio Büchel, Carsten Hagedorn, Martin Schlatter, Jolanda Zurfluh, Hans-Michael Schmitt, Roger Bräm ... 623

Optimizing the Performance of Public Open Spaces by Enhancing the Human Thermal Comfort ... 633

Nouran Naguib, Hassan Abdel-Salam, Dina Saadallah ... 633

Participatory Mapping of Citizens’ Experiences at Public Open Spaces: A Case Study at Bologna Living Lab ... 645

Gamze Dane, Soheil Derakhshan, Tahsin Ettefagh, Martina Massari, Valentina Gianfrate, Mauro Bigi... 645

Places Representation on Social Media – A Study to Analyze the Differences between the Virtual Communities and the Offline Environment ... 655

Mai Ahmed, Peter Zeile ... 655

Planning in Self-Planned Informal Cities ... 667

Md. Manjur Morshed ... 667

Public Perception of Environmental Change in Rapidly Growing Cities: the Case of Cairo, Egypt ... 677

Merham Keleg, Georgia Butina Watson, Mohamed A. Salheen ... 677

Realexperimente als Treiber sozialer Innovationen? Umsetzungsimpulse für eine nachhaltige urbane Mobilität im Quartier... 689

Sina Diersch ... 689

Reshaping the Urban Experience: Prospects for Digital Streetscape towards better Livability in Public Spaces ... 701

Ayat Ayman Abdel-Aziz, Hassan Abdel-Salam, Zeyad El-Sayad ... 701

Rethinking Mobility and Fixity in Developing Cities: a Case of South Africa ... 715

Thembani Moyo, Walter Musakwa, Trynos Gumbo ... 715

Selbstermächtigung und Selbstorganisation als Schlüssel für nachhaltige Lern- und Transformationsprozesse in der Region Römerland Carnuntum ... 721

Elisabeth Schauppenlehner-Kloyber, Katharina Gugerell, Verena Radinger-Peer, Hartmut Dumke, Daniel Youssef, Thomas Dillinger, Cornelia Fischer, Marianne Penker ... 721

Shaping Urban Changes for Child-Friendly Cities: How Participation and Co-Creation Processes are Transforming Car-Oriented Neighbourhoods in the Metamorphosis Project ... 731

Loredana Dazzo, Nick van Apeldoorn ... 731

Smart Cities – a New Revitalisation Approach for Shrinking Cities? ... 739

Jakob Schackmar ... 739

Smart Cities brauchen Smarte Räume – Szenarien für die Zukunft eines energie- und ressourcenwirksamen Quartiers durch smarte Stadtgestaltung am Beispiel von Smart City Waagner Biro in Graz ... 751

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12 REAL CORP 2020: SHAPING URBAN CHANGE

Smart Cities for Smarter Citizens: Participatory Planning in Housing Renovation using 3D BIM Tools: the Case of

Eckart Vaartbroek ... 761

Trinidad Fernandez, Catalina Diaz, Sonja Stöffler ... 761

Smart Through Gender+: Kernthemen für eine inklusive Stadtplanung am Beispiel Linz (Austria) ... 767

Heidrun Wankiewicz, Lidewij Tummers ... 767

Socio-Economic Transformation of Urban Nodes in Amman: Determining Ingredients of Success ... 779

Maram Tawil, Shams Khattab ... 779

Solar Energy Simulations in Historical Districts for Retrofitting and Evidence-Based Decision Making: Data Challenges for Low Carbon Cities in the EU Neighbourhood & Accession Countries ... 781

Mete Basar Baypinar, Enes Yasa, Selahattin Ersoy, Cem Beygo, Kerem Beygo ... 781

Spatial Transformations in Urban Areas During the Past 50 Years ... 789

Isabelle Loris ... 789

Standort, Wettbewerb oder Persönlichkeit: Wer oder was entscheidet über die Adoption des Onlinehandels als Vertriebskanal? ... 799

Thomas Wieland, Angelika Hoppe, Caroline Kramer ... 799

STEMPICOM – Geodatenkonzept für gemeinschaftsbasierte Lieferdienste in ländlichen Regionen... 811

Alexander Fillies, Maren Pöttker, Axel Häusler, Dorina Kranzmann, Laura Bremenkamp ... 811

Straße der Zukunft ... 821

Felix Stroh, Constanze Heydkamp, Angela Wendnagel-Beck ... 821

The Case of Smart City Istanbul: How to Evaluate the City Region and its Benchmarks with Participatory and Negotiation Processes? ... 835

Mete Basar Baypinar, Murat Seker, Hakan Bektas, Arif Saldanli ... 835

The Effect of the Physical Environment on Social Interaction: The Case of Educational Campuses ... 847

Hisham Negm, Dina Sameh Taha, Dina Mohamed Saadallah ... 847

The Possible Role of Brownfields Sites in a Circular Way in the Example of the “Isola Bergamasca” ... 859

Maria Rosa Ronzoni ... 859

The Vertical Urban Factory as a Concept for Mixed Use in Future Cities ... 873

Edeltraud Haselsteiner, Lisa-Maria Grob, Harald Frey, Verena Madner, Barbara Laa, Katja Schwaigerlehner ... 873

The Viennese Building Stock from 1920 to 2018: a Prototype Model ... 883

Ferdinand Reimer, Ulrich Kral ... 883

Topics and Sentiments in Online Place Reviews, an Innovative Way of Understanding the Perception of a City without Asking ... 893

Bart Neuts, Egbert van der Zee, Simon Scheider, Enkhbold Nyamsuren, Thérèse Steenberghen ... 893

Transdisciplinarity in Urban Planning for Future Challenges at the Example of Digital Transformation ... 903

Jolanda Zurfluh ... 903

Unlocking “Kasi Wealth”: Perceptions of Transformations through Spatial Planning and Local Economic Development in Soshanguve ... 913

Trynos Gumbo, Nkalipho Mafela ... 913

Urban Area Development as an Expansive Learning Process: the Relevance of Monitoring and Evaluation ... 927

Kees Stam, Gert-Joost Peek, Paul Chan ... 927

Urban Governance as a Tool for Enhancing Resilient Urban Form: Case Study Alexandria, Egypt ... 939

Mary Zekry, Khalid Al Hagla, Dina M. Saadallah ... 939

Urban Governance Toolbox for a Climate-Friendly Smart City ... 949

Natalie Pfau-Weller, Rebecca Nell ... 949

Urban Regional Social Community Detection Using Location Based Social Network Big Data ... 957

Gensong Piao, Hu Jin ... 957

Urban Structure Transformation between the Role of Urban Planning Methods and Real Estate Market Force – Case Study: the New Millennial Cities in Egypt ... 967

Youssef Abdelhakeem Elsayed, Said Hassanien Al-Sayed ... 967

Using Nature-Based Solutions to Create more Climate-Resilient, Green and Livable Mediterranean Cities: Experiences from Castellón and Cannes ... 977

Marielisa Padilla, Sophie Mok, Brenda Vaccari Paz ... 977

Vibrant or Dull Urban Spaces: Are City of Tshwane “A Re Yeng” and “Gautrain” Connector Points Places of Social and Economic Interaction? ... 987

Bongumusa Ndwandwe, Trynos Gumbo ... 987

Vom Konzept zur Tat – die Weiterentwicklung des Smart-City-Wheels zur Smart-City-Onion ... 999

Dirk Engelke, Sybille Rapberger ... 999

Walk Your City: Using Nudging to Promote Walking ... 1009

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Wohnungsnot und Siedlungsentwicklung in wachsenden Metropolregionen – Planspiel für politische

Entscheidungsträgerinnen und Entscheidungsträger ... 1019

Marvin Stiewing, Kirsten Mangels, Swantje Grotheer ... 1019

Active Mobility as a Response to Physical Inactivity in Cities ... 1031

Parsa Arbab, Karin Pfeffer, Javier Martinez, Sherif Amer ... 1031

A Historic Institutionalist Research on the Protection of Plot Pattern in Chinese Historic Cities, taking Nanjing as an Example... 1037

Peng Liu ... 1037

Building the Case for Nature-Based Solutions: Enablers and Barriers in Data-Driven Solutions for Climate Adaptive Developments ... 1045

Jeremy Anterola, Mariusz Hermansdorfer, Kane Borg, Stefan Brückmann ... 1045

CentropeMAP und CentropeSTATISTICS – interaktive Zeitreihendarstellung grenzübergreifender statistischer Daten .. 1055

Clemens Beyer, Manfred Schrenk ... 1055

City for All: Livable Peripheral Neighbourhoods in Ruse (Bulgaria) through Advanced Mobility Measures ... 1059

Lucia Ilieva ... 1059

Crowd Flow Analysis for Measuring the Impact of Urban Transformation Actions in City’s Heritage Areas ... 1065

Pietro Elisei, Miruna Draghia, Gamze Dane, Natalia Onesciuc ... 1065

Data and Algorithm – the Fast Lane for Carless Mobility ... 1081

Andreas Thinius ... 1081

Developing Public Rental Housing on Rural Collective Construction Land in Shanghai Suburbs: A Case of Cao’an Village in Jiading Industrial District ... 1087

Miao Hu ... 1087

Do we Need Urban Shrinkage to Become Smarter Planners? The Masterplan for Novoshakhtinsk ... 1099

Elena Batunova, Sergey Thrukhachev, Elena Khiteva ... 1099

Exploring the Applicability of Sustainable Development Goals in Fringe Areas of Fast Growing Metropolises ... 1107

Dipanjan Howlader, Basudatta Sarkar ... 1107

Finding a Midpoint between Civil and Military Use. The Case of Villaputzu (Sardinia, Italy) ... 1113

Ginevra Balletto, Alessandra Milesi, Giuseppe Borruso, Luigi Mundula ... 1113

Flexible, Digital and Integrated: Public Transport of the Future in Suburban and Rural Areas ... 1123

Assumpta Cerda, Bertram Ludwig ... 1123

Herausforderungen der städtischen Szenerien an die Automatisierung von Fahrzeugbewegungen – wo sollen welche Anwendungen aktiviert werden? ... 1131

Heinz Dörr ... 1131

Innovative Sustainable Energy Solutions in Smart Cities ... 1141

Alla Oskina ... 1141

Methode Testentwurf – zur Erkundung von Potenzialen der Innenentwicklung in Gemeinden, Städten und Metropolregionen ... 1147

Marita Schnepper ... 1147

Modelling Milieu-specific Housing Demands for Augsburg Oberhausen using BPD-MOSAIC ... 1157

Robert Sabelfeld, Christian von Malottki, Han Joosten ... 1157

Multicriteria Assessment of Urban Development Projects – from Objectives to a Project Priority List ... 1163

Wolfgang Loibl, Hans-Martin Neumann, Ghazal Etminan ... 1163

Reflexive Städte: Magneten des Wissens im Kontext globaler Digitalisierung ... 1169

Eberhard von Einem ... 1169

Research College NRW “Sustainable Energy Systems in the Quarter” – Collection of Abstracts ... 1171

Karen Wesely, Simon Slabik, Lisa Taruttis, Christoph Weber, Mona Treude, Lisa Kränke, Dione Hernández Galvis, David Kröger, Anne Paulus ... 1171

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Delopment? Case Study of Wangqingtuo, Tianjin, China ... 1177

Yuqi Chen, Peng Zeng ... 1177

Study on the Classification Method of Urban Vitality Spatial Pattern Based on Full-Time Vitality Spectrum:A Case Study of Tianjin, China ... 1181

Peng Zeng, Zongyao Sun, Ziwei Gao... 1181

Supporting the Transformation Process to Smart Sustainable Cities in Switzerland: Implementation Guidelines and Promising Practices ... 1187

Vicente Carabias-Hütter, Jörg Musiolik, Evelyn Lobsiger-Kägi, Pascal Vögeli, Anna Kohler, Onur Yildirim ... 1187

The Inclusive City of Johannesburg and the Challenge of Affordable Housing ... 1191

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The Pedestrian Traffic of the Inner Courtyards in Graz ... 1199

László Jóna ... 1199

The Symptoms of the Liquid City ... 1207

Olivier Lefebvre ... 1207

Wissensbasierte Stadtentwicklung in Bochum – von der Strategie zum Konzept ... 1213

Ilka Mecklenbrauck ... 1213

Greenery in Cities and Controlling the Reasons of Urban Heat Islands – a Sustainable Approach for the Spaces of the Future in Controlling Urban Heat Islands ... 1219

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Finding a Midpoint between Civil and Military Use. The Case of Villaputzu (Sardinia, Italy)

Ginevra Balletto, Alessandra Milesi, Giuseppe Borruso, Luigi Mundula

(Associate prof. Ginevra Balletto, University of Cagliari, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture - DICAAR), (balletto@unica.it)

(Eng. Alessandra Milesi, University of Cagliari, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture - DICAAR), (alessandra.milesi@gmail.com)

(Associate prof. Giuseppe Borruso, University of Trieste, Department of Economics, Business, Mathematics and Statistics “Bruno de Finetti” - DEAMS), (giuseppe.borruso@deams.units.it)

(Aggregate prof. Luigi Mundula, University of Cagliari, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), (luigimundula@unica.it)

1 ABSTRACT

The paper addresses the issue of the concurrent use of areas for military and civil activities. In particular, the

paper analyzes the effect of planning tools on the valorization of a territorial enclave, namely a military

training area located in the coastal area of the municipality of Villaputzu (South Sardinia, Italy), that is,

moreover, a Site of Community Importance. In this area, thanks to an institutional agreements between the

Municipal Administration of Villaputzu and the Ministry of Defense, has been possible define the coexisting

ways where is an important coastal military easement. and the use of the coast for recreational tourism

purposes through a specific planning tool. In this specific case, the Local Coastline Plan (LCP) has been

identified as the planning tool, which better addresses the co-existence of apparently opposite land uses and

interests, as those expressed by the local municipality and those expressed by the military hierarchy. The

assessment method is based on the capacity of the Local Coastline Plan (LCP) and the Site of Community

Interest Management Plan (SCIMP) to create ecosystem services in the military enclave. The evaluation of

the LCP and SCIMP shows how their combined action favors the environmental enhancement of territory,

contributing to the formation of ecosystem services, The area, initially subject to different constraint

(military easements and SIC rules) evolve, by that way, from ‘anticommons’ to ‘semicommons’,

guaranteeing sustainable renewal of economic development of the area and looking to become ‘commons’

through planning of ecosystem services.

Keywords: Protected areas and spatial planning, strategic environmental assessment, landscape connectivity,

semi commons, Sardinia - Italy

2 INTRODUCTION

State property includes a various set of assets They consist of the ‘necessary state property’ (which includes

the maritime state property, the water state property and military property) and from the “accidental state

property” (which includes roads, railways, aeronautics, aerodromes, aqueducts and cultural properties).

Furthermore it consists of other assets, equally subject to the regime proper to the public domain, belonging

to other administrative bodies as regions, metropolitan cities, provinces, or municipalities. Public use is

exercised on state property (Angiolini, 2018), i.e., the community can enjoy its benefits directly, as in the

case of beaches or museums (Imperiale, 2018), or indirectly, in the case of ports or airports. The main

characteristic of these goods is their inalienability. Among the assets owned by the public, those relating to

military uses also take on particular importance in relation to the fact that military defense is configured, in

strictly economic terms, as a pure public good—non rival and non-excludable—and therefore, as an asset,

the benefits of which fall indistinctly on the totality of the population, a fact that partly explains the huge

amount of financial resources that the various states allocate (Caruso, 2018). After a descending phase in the

1990s, starting from 2000, military spending has in fact been continuously growing.

As shown in Figure 1, in 2018, the United States of America was the leading country in military spending of

the sector, with 649 billion dollars - worth 36% of the world military spending and 3.2% of its Gross

Domestic Product (GDP), followed by China with 250 billion dollars—14% of the world military spending

and 1.9% of its GDP. In this ranking, Italy occupies 11th place, with 27.8 billion dollars (equal to 1.5% of

the World spending and 1.3% of its GDP). The state properties, on the one hand, can be traced back to the

so-called ‘enclaves’, which are closed areas defined by administrative or cultural characteristics different

from the surrounding territory and on the other hand, they have characteristics typical of the so-called

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Livable City Regions for the 21st_{Century – Aachen, Germany}

‘anticommons’, first introduced by Michelman

1

(1982), in contrast to that well-known common (Hardin,

1968; Marciano et al., 2019).

Figure 1: World military expenditure, by region, 1988–2018. Author: G Balletto

This concept was then widely developed (Heller, 1998; Heller and Eisenberg, 1998) through the theory

concerning the under-use of a resource caused by the right of ownership, and therefore of exclusion,

legitimately attributed to a multitude of subjects. Since it is sufficient for only one of the subjects to exercise

their rights, it is clear that it is very probable, due to the high transaction times and costs necessary to reach a

satisfactory agreement for all, that the fruition of that will lead to a blocking situation in which ‘no one has

the actual privilege of use’ (Heller and Heisenberg, 1998). This is what happens in a by now recurrent form,

in the occasion of the dismissal of the state property, both in the urban areas and in extra-urban ones

(Gastaldi and Camerin, 2017). Activities carried out span from training of national and foreign units to

testing missile prototypes and targets, from quality tests in cooperation with industries and organizations in

the aerospace electronics sector and activities related to scientific research, etc. Their impact (Odoni, 2018;

Esu and Maddanu, 2018) is significatively negative on the territory directly concerned and also for local

communities, also under form of constraints expressed through the form of easements. In particular, military

easements involve limitations or prohibitions that can be imposed both on private and public assets located

near military installations, as, for example, to limit the buildings height. On the one hand, it is true—as

evidenced by several studies (Hreško et al., 2015

; Špulerová, 2013; Zentelis, R and Indenmayer, 2015; Silva

Arimoro, 2017; Ellwanger et al. 2016; Reinhardt et al., 2019) that military goods and easements perform a

substantial function of indirect landscape protection. On the other hand, the intensity and concentration

military tests and training use of fuels and propellants, have a significant impact on the environment and

biodiversity (Jenni et al., 2012), whose possible redevelopment may require expensive and difficult land

reclamation works, even if the alleged correlation between military activities and the anomalous appearance

of damage to health is still not completely defined. Finally, it should be noted, from the economical point of

view, that in territories used for military training the potential sources of economic development, as

agriculture fishing and tourism are damaged. In particular, the failure to take off the tourist industry, is both

due to the unavailability of the sites, and to the interference that military activities have with the normal

process of tourist settlement. It is also true, however, that this ‘cumbersome’ presence is connected to a

related economic activity, mainly service activities but also industrial, in order to satisfy the needs of the

military staff (Payolo et al., 2010). . The current orientation of several European countries is aimed at the

rebalancing of military easements and the closing down of settlements (Camerin and Gastaldi, 2018). In Italy

these procedures have often turned out to be cumbersome and slow due to the frequent change in the

regulatory framework. Anyway, overcoming the exclusively military destination of certain areas often

require guarantees of naturalistic protection (Ellwanger and Reiter, 2019). In such a framework, the concept

of semicommon (Smith, 2000) is well suited to be used for a new interpretation of those areas that present a

mixture of civil and military uses in time and space. This concept, in fact, interposed between that of

1

“[A anticommon is] a type of property in which everyone always has rights respecting the objects in the regime, and no one, consequently, is ever privileged to use any of them except as particularly authorized by others.” (Michelmann, F, 1982, p.6)

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commons and anticommons, establishes an interaction between public and private property (Angiolini,

2018), and ‘allows the right holders to benefit from the joint use of the resource’ (Bertacchini et al., 2009).

The semicommons incorporate all private collective rights, but at the same time attribute a series of public

rights to other subjects, such as those arising from military easements generating positive effects (figure 2).

Figure 2: Semicommons combined use, rights and effects (Authors: G. Balletto and G. Borruso)

3 THE SARDINIAN MILITARY ENCLAVE

In Italy, military easements date back to the 1950s and derive from international agreements signed by Italy

as a defeated country, at the end of World War II, in particular by the bilateral agreement ‘Mutua Sicurezza’

(Reciprocal Security) (1952) under which the United States imposed military bases in Italian territory. These

agreements provide for the limitation of the right of ownership in the areas adjacent to installations of

military interest. In 1976, the first law governing all matters of military easements was issued (L. December

24, 1976, No. 898 ‘New Regulation of military easements), which provided for the establishment, in each

region, of a joint commission with the task of assessing the compatibility of military programs with territorial

development plans. With the National Law 104/1990, the regions most affected by military easements was

identified to provide for a compensation. In particular, the Autonomous Region of Sardinia (ARS) is one of

the regions where the presence of military bases and training areas is higher with a total area of

approximately 234 km2 (figure 3): Capo Frasca, Teulada, and Salto di Quirra (Military Proving Ground of

Salto di Quirra, MPGSQ).

The MPGs together with the military easements (Perelli, 2017) account for about 1.5% of the total surface

area of Sardinia which, in addition to the block of the air spaces during the trainings, determine that in some

periods of the year a great part of the island is concerned in different ways by military activities (Figure 3).

Even if the great presence of military settlements confirm the strategic role of Sardinia in the context of the

political–military system of the North Atlantic alliance related to control in the Mediterranean, it requires a

complex system of easements, consisting in the permanent and/or temporary prohibition of use of internal

and coastal areas, and of flight in particular air spaces.

During the last 20 years to change this situation the ARS started a dialogue, formalized in several agreements

with the Italian State (namely the Ministry of Defence) defining demilitarization and economic compensation

(Balletto et al., 2020). In figure 4 is shown the list of the main agreements and memorandum of the Ministry

of Defense and ARS, inherent the refunds to Municipality and the military activity disposal.

The agreements, however, has not generally had the desired effects, as the ARS pushes for the non-onerous

transfer of state property, while municipal administrations push for ownership to activate the territorial

development (Colavitti et al., 2016).

The novelty has been the memorandum between the Ministry of Defense and the ARS dated 18 December

2017, that stated the suspension of the training within the MTASQ from 1 June to 30 September in order to

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guarantee the exploitation and use of the coast, in line with the Natura 2000 network and the regional

landscape plan (PPR).

Figure 3. Maps of military areas in Sardinia - Italy (Author: A. Milesi in G Balletto et al Military Training Areas as Semicommons: The Territorial Valorization of Quirra (Sardinia) from Easements to Ecosystem Services. Sustainability, 2020, 12.2: 622)

Figure 4. Main agreements and memorandum for the reorganization of military areas in Sardinia. (Author: G Balletto)

Recently, an agreement between the Ministry of Defense and the municipality of Villaputzu allowed the

tourist use on the beach of Murtas. In 2017, it was included in the regional list of bathing beaches, thus

allowing the municipality of Villaputzu to include this beach within its Local Coastline Plan (LCP).

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2_{It’s a municipal plan that define the structure of the coastlines through an integrated and systemic management and}

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4 THE LCP OF VILLAPUTZU AND THE MILITARY PROVING GROUND

The MPGSQ (Codonesu, 2013) is located in the southeastern part of Sardinia with 144.4 km2 of easements

that accounts for 62% of all military easements in Sardinia. The municipality of Villaputzu covers about

181.25 km2 and is the most affected by the MPGSQ, with about 41% of the land area occupied by military

easements. The peculiarity of the area is given by the presence of a site of community interest (SCI)

3

identified with code ITB040017 and name Stagni di Murtas e S’Acqua Durci.

Even if the divergent strategic objectives - environmental and military - could converge, for a long time was

not possible to find a midpoint to counterbalance the different needs transforming the area into an

anticommon. The possibility of making the coastline accessible to users was reached only with the recent

state–region agreements (2014–2017), which allowed the use of the coast for tourism purposes in a limited

period of the year (June 1–September 30), thus allowing the municipal administration of Villaputzu to equip

itself with a LCP.

The planning and management of the coastal environment requires careful assessment of both coastal

evolutionary trends, such as marine and hydrodynamic weather phenomena, and the phenomena of

increasing anthropic pressure connected to tourist use in order to integrate the planning and management of

the coastal environment between risk mitigation and conscious use (Marx and Liebenberg, 2019; Seidel et

al., 2019). The LCP and the SCI Management Plan (SCIMP) (Leone and Zoppi, 2019) were identified as the

main instruments for planning, particularly to allow coastal municipalities to regulate the use of maritime

state-owned areas.

The regulatory system where the LCP is inserted concerns the reorganization of maritime state property

concessions. Regional law foresees that the municipalities are obliged to draw up the LCP as an integral and

substantial part of the municipal urban plan. In particular, the LCP regulates the use of the coasts and of

contiguous territories for recreational tourism functions, dividing the coast in relation to the specific

environmental characteristics, establishing the use and the related support services.

The LCPs in Sardinia often act within the territories of the Natura 2000 Network. Such a network represents

the main instrument of the European Union policy regarding the conservation of biodiversity—established

pursuant to Directive 92/43/CEE ‘Habitat’ and subsequent national transpositions—to guarantee the

long-term maintenance of natural habitats and threatened flora and fauna species, divided into Sites of Community

Interest (SCI), Special Protection Areas (SPAs), and Special Areas of Conservation (SAC). According to the

recent literature, these areas are recognized as central for the creation of ecosystem services (Santolini et al.,

2015).

4.1 Local Coastline Plan (LCP) And Management Plan Of The Site Of Community Interest (Sci) Of

Murtas Beach - Villaputzu Sardinia, Italy.

The Villaputzu LCP developed in this framework in addition to the state-owned maritime areas, also governs

the contiguous areas, regulating road and pedestrian access to the areas in order to create an integration

between the coast and the areas not immediately close to the coasts, thus also directing tourist flows towards

less privileged areas.

In particular, the Murtas beach LCP proposes the following strategic objectives:

• guarantee the conservation and protection of local coastal ecosystems, with reference to habitats -

Directive 21 May 1992, 92/43 / EEC and subsequent amendments;

• harmonizing local actions to ensure sustainable development, promoting measures to reduce

degradation and soil consumption processes;

• encourage environmental requalification through renaturalization projects;

• promote innovation and diversification of the tourist offer; and regulate the various activities for the

purposes of integration and complementarity between them.

The Villaputzu LCP also affects the MPGSQ enclave. This constitutes the first case in Sardinia of coastal

planning that intends to reconcile the military activities with the tourist ones, in compliance with the current

3_{Sites identified within the ‘Habitat’ directive 92/43/EEC, for the conservation of natural habitats and species of wild}

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legislation in terms of health and safety and in the framework of environmental monitoring conducted by the

ARS.

4

In the same territorial context it is present the SCI called ‘Ponds of Murtas and S’Acqua Durci’ (code

ITB040017) located in the coastal sector of the mouth of the Rio Quirra, in central-eastern Sardinia, that

includes the portion of territory that from the promontory of Torre Murtas reaches Capo San Lorenzo and

extending for an area of 7.4 km2. The management plan (SCIMP) regulates the SCI, which is consistent with

the provisions of the art. 6 of the ‘Habitat’ Directive and of the art. 4 of Presidential Decree 120/2003, and

has the objective of guaranteeing the conservation and protection of the habitats and species of fauna and

flora, implementing protection and management strategies capable of allowing the maintenance of areas in

optimal conditions, even in the presence of human activities, and thus favoring the maintenance of ecosystem

services (Figure 5).

Figure 5. Sites of Community Interest (SCI) ITB040017 ‘Stagni di Murtas e S’Acqua Durci’. Murtas beach and the main areas of LCP (1,2 and 3). Author: A. Milesi.

4.2 The role of ecosystem Services in the transition from anticommons to semicommons

According to the definition given by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), “the multiple benefits

recorded by ecosystems for mankind” are expressed through four main categories: Life support, such as the

nutrient cycle, soil formation, and primary production; procurement, such as the production of food, drinking

water, and materials or fuel; regulation, such as climate and tide regulation, water purification, etc.; and

cultural values, such as educational, recreational, etc. In this sense, the importance of including ecosystem

services in planning processes is supported by a vast literature. In fact, the overcoming of the sectoral

approaches (Geneletti, 2013; Blouin, 2013; Baker et al. 2013; Zoppi et al. 2018), oriented to the coherence

between the economic and environmental dimension (Danley et al. 2016), build the prerequisites for the

integration of ecosystem services within environmental planning. In particular, the transition from

anticommons to semicommons is activated through the integrated environmental planning of ecosystem

services. Therefore, to evaluate this integration referred to the case study, the methodology proposed by

Mascarenhas et al. (2015) was applied to the management plan of the SCI and to the Local Coastline Plan

(LCP) of Murtas beach by searching for the following keywords (figure 6).

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Figure 6. Number of keywords in Local Coastline Plan (LCP) Murtas beach (Villaputzu, Sardinia) and management plan of SCI

(code ITB040017, Sardinia). Authors: G. Balletto

Figure 6 shows how the selection of the keywords related to the ecosystem services present in the LCP

Murtas beach are highly representative in quantitative terms with respect to the management plan of SCI

code ITB 040017. This confirms the role of the LCP strategy (Murtas beach) in the transition from

anticommons to semicommons of the military proving ground of Villaputzu (MPGSQ). Such a concept

seems nearly straightforward and obvious; nonetheless, it is not explicitly cited when considering this kind of

mix use: military and tourist. In other words, through the LCP - Murtas beach- ecosystem services it is

possible to activate the transition of anticommons towards semicommos.

5 CONCLUSIONS

The proposed approach highlights how an integrated environmental planning of ecosystem services can

allow the transition from anticommons to semicommons, where multiple interests coexist. This transition is

in fact a fundamental phase, often neglected in environmental planning, but which requires the utmost

attention during changes in the use of the territory and in particular in the occasion of the disposal of public

assets. In the study case of the Villaputzu municipality, Murtas beach this transition has been favored by the

LCP, local coast planning, in coherence with the environmental protection policies (SCIMP) and the military

regulations. In particular, the coexistence of multiple military, public, and private interests found a synthesis

in the LCP. The transition from anticommon to common of the Villaputzu military enclave was in fact

possible due to ecosystem services presence. In particular, the condition of semicommon good incorporates

the private sector related to tourism and beach services. In the presence of this regime (semicommons) the

following two effects arise, deriving from the combined use: 1. Economies of scale obtained thanks to the

combination of public interests (military activities) and private (services seasonal tourist); 2. environmental

protection: the interaction between private use (coastal use plan (LCP) and the common (management plan

of the SCI of Villaputzu) reduces the phenomenon of overuse. In this sense, ecosystem services offered in

the LCP, Murtas beach allow responsible use based on the dynamism of the natural context. In fact, the

military enclave has led to an anticommons, but it is also true that it has preserved the coast, prohibiting the

fruition. This prohibition allowed the natural beach to evolve without human interference in the Murtas

beach. In this sense, the LCP is inserted and proposes tourist use compatible with conservation and

valorization of the natural heritage. It should be noted, however, that the research carried out appears to be at

an initial stage, and with little evidence of other cases in sensible areas around the world. To the authors’

knowledge, no other cases have been widely tackled in the literature and in spatial planning actions. The

authors in particular highlighted, in theory and practice, how a concurrent approach on planning can be

adopted, allowing de facto multiple targets to be addressed: Military operations, environmental protection

and management, and tourist recreational use.

Author Contributions: The paper derives from the join reflections of authors. However, Section 1, can be

attributed to Luigi Mundula; Sections 2, to Ginevra Balletto and Alessandra Milesi; Section 3, to Ginevra

Balletto; Section 3.1, to Alessandra Milesi; Section 3.2 to Giuseppe Borruso; Abstract and Section 4 can be

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attributed to all the authors. This article is part of the work of drafting the Municipal Urban Plan (MUP) of

Villaputzu and in the related Coastal Use Plan (LCP) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA):

Scientific coordinator Ginevra Balletto.

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ISBN 978-3-9504173-8-8 (CD), 978-3-9504173-9-5 (print)

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