• Non ci sono risultati.

Buildings Under the Rocks: An Interdisciplinary Approach for A Safe Conservation

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Condividi "Buildings Under the Rocks: An Interdisciplinary Approach for A Safe Conservation"

Copied!
7
0
0

Testo completo

(1)

Procedia Engineering 161 ( 2016 ) 2222 – 2228

1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.819

ScienceDirect

:RUOG0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ$UFKLWHFWXUH8UEDQ3ODQQLQJ6\PSRVLXP

:0&$86

%XLOGLQJV8QGHUWKH5RFNV$Q,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\$SSURDFKIRU$

6DIH&RQVHUYDWLRQ

(YD&RwVVRQ

D

$QGUHD6HJDOLQL

D

6DEULQD0DULD5LWD%RQHWWR

E



a

DICATeA – University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, ITALY

b

DST – University of Torino, via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy

$EVWUDFW 9HUQDFXODUEXLOGLQJVKDYHDOZD\VEHHQEXLOWE\PDQLQDVWULFWUHODWLRQZLWKQDWXUH7KLVUHODWLRQLVSDUWLFXODUO\HYLGHQWLQWKHFDVH RIVKHOWHUVEXLOWXQGHUURFNSURWUXVLRQVWDNLQJDGYDQWDJHRIWKHQDWXUDOHOHPHQWDVDSDUWRIWKHEXLOGLQJLWVHOI*LYHQWKHLUJHRORJLFDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFVWKH:HVWHUQ$OSVDUHSDUWLFXODUO\ULFKRIWKHVHW\SHRIYHUQDFXODUEXLOGLQJVZKLFKEHFDPHDW\SLFDOHOHPHQWRIWKH ORFDODUFKLWHFWXUHDQGDFTXLUHGDVSHFLILFWRSRQ\P ³EDUPD´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‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0&$86 Keywords:YHUQDFXODUDUFKLWHFWXUHSUHVHUYDWLRQURFNVWDELOLW\DQDO\VLVQDWXUDOKD]DUG   &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[

E-mail address: HYDFRLVVRQ#XQLSULW

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

(2)

,QWURGXFWLRQ ³7KHDUFKLWHFWXUDOKHULWDJHLQFOXGHVQRWRQO\LQGLYLGXDOEXLOGLQJVRIH[FHSWLRQDOTXDOLW\DQGWKHLUVXUURXQGLQJVEXW DOVRDOODUHDVRIWRZQVRUYLOODJHVRIKLVWRULFRUFXOWXUDOLQWHUHVW´>@WKLVVWDWHPHQWIURPWKH'HFODUDWLRQRI$PVWHUGDP  UDWLILHVDWDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOOHYHOWKHIHHOLQJWKDWVRPHVHQVLWLYHVFKRODUV -RKQ5XVNLQ>@DPRQJRWKHUV KDG DOUHDG\IRUHVHHQDFHQWXU\EHIRUHLHWKHQHFHVVLW\WRHQODUJHWKHILHOGRIDUFKLWHFWXUDOUHVWRUDWLRQDOVRWRWKH³PLQRU´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

7KHFDVHVWXG\EDUPD0RXQDVWLUD 2.1. Description of the site

7KHREMHFWRIWKLVVWXG\LVDKDPOHWLQWKH:HVWHUQ,WDOLDQ$OSVQDPHGEDUPD0RXQDVWLUD )LJXUH 7KHVPDOO JURXSRIYHUQDFXODUEXLOGLQJLVSODFHGXQGHUDKLJKVWRQHIDFHRQWKHVWHHSOHIWRURJUDSKLFVLGHRIWKHULYHU$QJURJQD WULEXWDU\RIWKH3HOOLFHULYHU,WVWRSRQLP\±EDUPD±KDVDFHOWLFRULJLQ EDOPHQKLJKVWRQH DQGLWLVXVHGLQDZLGH DUHDWRUHIHUWRFDYHVSURWUXGLQJURFNVDQGVWRQHVKHOWHUV>@   )LJ7KHEDUPD0RXQDVWLUDVLWHLQFRPSOHWHKDUPRQ\ZLWKWKHQDWXUDOHOHPHQWV 7KHKDPOHWZKRVHLQKDELWDQWVZHUHFOHDUO\GHGLFDWHGWRIDUPLQJDQGOLYHGLQDVWULFWUHODWLRQZLWKWKHVXUURXQGLQJ ZRRGVLVFRPSRVHGE\VPDOOEXLOGLQJVLQFOXGLQJ x $PDLQWKUHHVWRUH\HGKRXVHLQGHSHQGHQWIURPWKHQDWXUDOURFNZLWKDVWDEOHDNLWFKHQDQGDURRPZLWKD EDOFRQ\ x $WZRVWRUH\HGKRXVHZLWKDVWDEOHDNLWFKHQDQGDURRP

(3)

x $VPDOOLQGHSHQGHQWVWDEOH x $KD\ORIWZLWKDSDUWLFXODUIORRUPDGHRILQWHUZRYHQEUDQFKHVWRLPSURYHDLUFLUFXODWLRQ x $ODERUDWRU\IRUKDQGFUDIWZRUNVSDUWLFXODUO\IRUZLQWHUPRQWKVZKHQWKHILHOGZRUNVZHUHOLPLWHG x $ZRRGVKHG x $QRYHQ x 2WKHUVPDOOFRQVWUXFWLRQV  7KHGZHOOLQJVDUHYHU\VLPSOHPDGHRIVWRQHPDVRQU\ZLWKOLWWOHSRRUPRUWDUDQGWLPEHUIORRUDQGURRIVWUXFWXUHV 7KHURRIVDUHFRYHUHGZLWKW\SLFDOIODWJQHLVVVWRQHHOHPHQWVFDOOHG³ORVH´ZKLFKFRXOGEHIRXQGE\WKHEXLOGHUVLQ WKHVDPHDUHD0RVWRIWKHEXLOGLQJVWDNHDGYDQWDJHRIWKHQDWXUDOURFNPDVVDVDQH[WHUQDOSDUWLWLRQDQGVRPHWUXVVHV DUHGLUHFWO\OHDQLQJRQLW7KHFRQQHFWLRQVEHWZHHQWKHGLIIHUHQWOHYHOVDUHPDGHZLWKH[WHUQDOVWDLUVDVWKHURRPV LQVLGHDUHYHU\VPDOODQGORZ WRUHGXFHWKHKHDWGLVSHUVLRQ +HDWLQJZDVHQVXUHGRQO\E\ILUHDQGVRPHWUDFHVRI VPRNHFDQVWLOOEHIRXQGLQVLGHWKHNLWFKHQURRPV

2.2. Survey of pathological phenomena

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

(4)

)LJ7KHPDLQFUDFNSDWWHUQLVFDXVHGE\DGLIIHUHQWLDOVRLO VHWWOHPHQW  )LJ6NHWFKRIWKHJHRORJLFDODOSLQHGRPDLQV %DVHPHQW D DQG6ZLVV E URRIV 3UHDOSV 6XEEULDQFRQDLV]RQH



%ULDQFRQQDLV]RQH  6HPSLRQH7LFLQR1DSSHVDQG&DPXJKHUD0RQXFFR=RQH ,QWHUQDOFU\VWDOOLQHPDVVLI 3LHGPRQWV=RQH  $OSLQHIO\VFKRI8ED\H(PEUXQDL DQG/LJXULD 6HVLD/DQ]R=RQH 6/ DQG'HQW%ODQFKH1DSSH '%  6RXWKHUQ$OSV  7HUWLDU\SRVWNLQHPDWLFLQWUXVLYHRI7UDYHUVHOOD DQG9DOOHGHO&HUYR $SHQQLQHVDQG0RQIHUUDWR 4XDWHUQDU\DQG7HUWLDU\VHGLPHQWVRI/LJXULDQ3LHGPRQWHVHEDVLQDQG3RSODLQ  &DQDYHVH/LQH &/ DQGERXQGDU\EHWZHHQ$OSVDQG$SHQQLQHV  7KHJHRORJLFDODQGJHRPHFKDQLFDODQDO\VHV 3.1. The geological framework

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

(5)





)LJ(TXLDUHDOSURMHFWLRQVRIWKHVXUYH\HGGLVFRQWLQXLWLHV>@)RXUPDLQGLVFRQWLQXLW\V\VWHPVZHUHKLJKOLJKWHG 7DE) 7DEOH6XPPDU\RIWKHV\VWHPVRULHQWDWLRQDYHUDJHYDOXHV 6LVWHP 3ROH 6SDFLQJ 0HDQ3ODQH  'LS'LS'LU >ƒ@ >FP@ 'LS'LS'LU>ƒ@ .    .    .    .     7DEOH+\SRWKHVL]HG%ROWIHDWXUHVDQGUHODWHG6DIHW\)DFWRU /HQJWK $QFKRU/HQJWK 7UHQG3OXQJH &DSDFLW\ >P@ >P@ >ƒ@ >01@     6$)(7<)$&725    ,QSDUWLFXODUWKH9DOOH$QJURJQDLVPDLQO\FRPSRVHGE\ x DODUJHYDULHW\RIJQHLVVWKDWRIWHQH[KLELWWH[WXUDODQGFRPSRVLWLRQDOPXOWLSOHJUDGDWLRQVWKLVOLWKRORJ\PDLQO\ FKDUDFWHUL]HWKHURFNPDVVRYHUKDQJLQJWKHYHUQDFXODUEXLOGLQJV x JODQGXODUJQHLVVFRPSOH[FRPSULVLQJWKHVHYHUDOZLWKPLFURJQHLVVDQG0LFDVFKLVWLQWHUFDODWLRQVEHORQJLQJWR ³(QVHPEOHV*UDSKLWLTXHGH3LQHUROR´ x FRPSOH[JUDSKLWHRI3LQHURORFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\WKHSUHVHQFHRIJUDSKLWHLQOHQVHVIURPVHTXHQFHVRIFRQJORPHUDWH DQGTXDUW]LWHJQHLVVPHWDSHOLWHVPHWDUHQLWHVRIWKHFRDODJH x FRPSOH[RI'URQHURFRQVLVWLQJRIJQHLVVDQG0LFDVFKLVWDQGJQHLVVPLQXWHGHEULVVRXUFHVHYHUDOVPDOOHUDQGPLFUR GHEULV3HUPLDQDJHYROFDQRVRXUFH>@>@ 3.2. Geomechanical Survey 7KHVWDELOLW\ERWKIRUWKHEXLOGLQJVDQGIRUWKHURFNIDFHLVVWULFWO\FRQQHFWHGWRWKHPHFKDQLFDOIHDWXUHVRIWKHURFN PDVV 7UDGLWLRQDO JHRPHFKDQLFDO VXUYH\ ZHUH FDUULHG RXW LQ RUGHU WR LGHQWLI\ WKH PDLQ GLVFRQWLQXLW\ V\VWHPV WKDW FKDUDFWHUL]HVWKHURFNIDFH

(6)

7KHDGRSWHGPHWKRGRORJ\FRQVLVWHGERWKLQDVXEMHFWLYHVXUYH\RIWKHPDLQGLVFRQWLQXLWLHVSOD\LQJDQLPSRUWDQW UROHRQWKHIDFHVWDELOLW\DQGDQREMHFWLYHVXUYH\ZLWKVFDQOLQHVQHDUO\SHUSHQGLFXODUWRWKHPDLQGLVFRQWLQXLWLHVRQ IRXUGLIIHUHQWRULHQWDWLRQRIWKHURFNIDFH  LQRUGHUWRGHILQHWKHYDOXHVRIWKHDYHUDJHV VSDFLQJIRUHDFKVHWRIIUDFWXUHV$VWDWLVWLFDODQDO\VLVZDVSHUIRUPHGDQGGDWDZHUHSURFHVVHGXVLQJDSORWWLQJSDWWHUQV )LJXUH 

3.3. Kinematic analysis and preliminary investigations

,QRUGHUWRLGHQWLI\SRWHQWLDONLQHPDWLFIDLOXUHWKH0DUNODQG7HVW>@ZDVSHUIRUPHG7KHWHVWPDGHE\LPSRVLQJ DIULFWLRQDQJOHYDOXHRIƒDQGD'LS'LS'LUHFWLRQRIWKHURFNIDFHRULHQWDWLRQRIDERXWKLJKOLJKWHGVRPH FULWLFDOFRQGLWLRQVIRUVWDELOLW\'LVFRQWLQXLW\V\VWHPVDQGLGHQWLI\ZHGJHV )LJXUH ZKLFKIDOOZLWKLQWKHSORW DUHDEHWZHHQWKHURFNIDFHWKHIULFWLRQDQJOHFLUFOHDQGWKHേʹͲιGHYLDWLRQRIWKHGLSGLUHFWLRQ0RYHPHQWFDQRFFXU DORQJWKHLQWHUVHFWLRQOLQHZLWKLQFOLQDWLRQOHVVWKDQWKDWRIWKHURFNIDFHEXWJUHDWHUWKDQWKHIULFWLRQDQJOH$VHFRQG WHVWDOVRFRQILUPHGWKHSRVVLEOHWULJJHULQJRISODQDUVOLGLQJPRYHPHQWGXHWRWKHSUHVHQFHRIJHRPHWULFFRQGLWLRQV UHJDUGLQJ WKH GLVFRQWLQXLW\ RULHQWDWLRQ LQ UHVSHFW WR WKH URFN IDFH VLPLODU GLS GLUHFWLRQ DQG ORZHU GLS RI WKH GLVFRQWLQXLW\   )LJ0DUNODQGWHVWFDUULHGRXWIRUWKUHHGLPHQVLRQDOVOLGLQJXVLQJ WKHRULHQWDWLRQRIWKHURFNIDFHRI͘



)LJ*HRPHWU\RIWKHSRWHQWLDOO\XQVWDEOHURFNZHGJHZLWK LQGLFDWLRQRIWKHSURWHFWLRQPHDVXUH LHEROWLQEOXH  7KH0DUNODQG7HVWDOORZVWRFDOFXODWHWKHVDIHW\IDFWRUZKLFKVKRZVDYDOXHRIRQSRWHQWLDOO\XQVWDEOHEORFNV +DYLQJGHWHUPLQHG WKDW WKH DYHUDJH OHQJWKRI PRVW GLVFRQWLQXLWLHV LV EHWZHHQ DQGP WKH SRWHQWLDO YROXPH RI XQVWDEOHEORFNVLVDERXWP,QWKLVUHJDUGXVLQJWKHSURJUDPSwedge>@ QDLOLQJVRUEROWLQJVVROXWLRQVFDQEH

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

(7)

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݉ଷDQG݉ZLWKSUHYDOHQFHDURXQG݉3ODQDU

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¶$QJURJQD&RPXQHGL$QJURJQD >@5RGHOOD$=HWWL*%DUPD0RXQDVWLUDXQ¶DUFKLWHWWXUDGDUHVWDXUDUHULVFRSULUHHYLYHUH8QLYHUVLWjGL3DUPD >@KWWSZZZODVWDPSDLWHVWHULHQRUPHPDVVRIUDQDVXOORFKDOHWIUDQFLDPXRLRQRGXHEDPELQL /%2*:',PHQ\4G-*/94;.SDJLQDKWPO >@0DUNODQG-7$XVHIXOWHFKQLTXHIRUHVWLPDWLQJWKHVWDELOLW\RIURFNVORSHVZKHQWKHULJLGZHGJHVOLGHW\SHRIIDLOXUHLVH[SHFWHG ,PSHULDO&ROOHJH5RFN0HFKDQLFV5HVHDUFK5HSULQWVQ >@'LSVY5RFVFLHQFH,QF7RURQWR2QWDULR >@)UDQFKL65HOD]LRQLSUHOLPLQDULVXOODFDPSDJQDJHRORJLFDGHOO¶DQQR%ROO5&RPLW*HRO,W >@9LDORQ3(WXGHJqRORJLTXHGX0DVVLIFULVWDOOLQ'RUD0DLUD $OSHVFRWWLQQHVLQWHUQHV±,WDOLH 7UDY/DE*qRO*UHQREOHPqPSS  >@%RUJKL$&DGRSSL33RUUR$6DFFKL56DQGURQH52VVHUYD]LRQLJHRORJLFKHQHOOD9DO*HUPDQDVFDHQHOODPHGLD9DO&KLVRQH $OSL &R]LH %ROO0XV5HJ6FL1DW7RULQRSS >@0DWWLUROR(1RYDUHVH9)UDQFKL6DQG6WHOOD$&DUWD*HRORJLFDG¶,WDOLDDVFDODIRJOLR3LQHUROR/LWRJUDILD$UWLVWLFD &DUWRJUDILFD5RPD >@6ZHGJHY8VHU0DQXDO5RFVFLHQFH,QF±7RURQWR2QWDULR

Riferimenti

Documenti correlati

importante documento venne coinvolta direttamente la Penitenzieria Apostolica, sia nella parte dottrinale, che è la più corposa, quanto in quella normativa. La costituzione è

The following variables were analyzed: locality; sex; age; place of origin; marital status; children (“yes” or “no”); pet at home (“yes” or “no”); type of work;

10 – Example extracted from one of the best ESS allocations for network investment reduction (storage device of 2.1 MW – 8 h, installed on node 62): a) stored energy profile,

The total sugar concentration obtained with the single and double dosing strategy was comparatively higher compared to that achieved with the other two

Questa efficace riduzione del testo originale della Yourcenar - che vede affiancato il riconoscimeno dell’alto valore della grecità da parte di Adriano e la dichiarazione della

Il corpus è composto da una serie di schede che sono strutturate in modo tale da dare una visione generale dello statuto attuale delle raccolte analizzatevi. La decisione di

Kilian (2009) broke with the tradition of assuming most oil price changes reflect exogenous supply shocks, he emphasized that fluctuations in global crude oil

Since the Buchberger algorithm implemented with MAPLE turns out to be more efficient when running by usual term orders, the use of global procedures PolyMilnor and PolyTyurina has to