Bovisa: a park for work and research

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Research for Development

Stefano Della Torre

Massimiliano Bocciarelli

Laura Daglio

Raffaella Neri Editors

Buildings

for Education

A Multidisciplinary Overview

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Research for Development

Series Editors

Emilio Bartezzaghi, Milan, Italy Giampio Bracchi, Milan, Italy

Adalberto Del Bo, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

Ferran Sagarra Trias, Department of Urbanism and Regional Planning, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Francesco Stellacci, Supramolecular NanoMaterials and Interfaces Laboratory (SuNMiL), Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland

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The series Research for Development serves as a vehicle for the presentation and dissemination of complex research and multidisciplinary projects. The published work is dedicated to fostering a high degree of innovation and to the sophisticated demonstration of new techniques or methods.

The aim of the Research for Development series is to promote well-balanced sustainable growth. This might take the form of measurable social and economic outcomes, in addition to environmental beneﬁts, or improved efﬁciency in the use of resources; it might also involve an original mix of intervention schemes. Research for Development focuses on the following topics and disciplines: Urban regeneration and infrastructure, Info-mobility, transport, and logistics, Environment and the land, Cultural heritage and landscape, Energy, Innovation in processes and technologies, Applications of chemistry, materials, and nanotech-nologies, Material science and biotechnology solutions, Physics results and related applications and aerospace, Ongoing training and continuing education.

Fondazione Politecnico di Milano collaborates as a special co-partner in this series by suggesting themes and evaluating proposals for new volumes. Research for Development addresses researchers, advanced graduate students, and policy and decision-makers around the world in government, industry, and civil society. THE SERIES IS INDEXED IN SCOPUS

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Stefano Della Torre

•

Massimiliano Bocciarelli

•

Laura Daglio

•

Raffaella Neri

Editors

Buildings for Education

A Multidisciplinary Overview of The Design

of School Buildings

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Editors

Stefano Della Torre

Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering—ABC Department

Politecnico di Milano Milan, Italy

Massimiliano Bocciarelli Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering—ABC Department

Laura Daglio

Raffaella Neri

ISSN 2198-7300 ISSN 2198-7319 (electronic)

Research for Development

ISBN 978-3-030-33686-8 ISBN 978-3-030-33687-5 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33687-5

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adap-tation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publi-cation does not imply, even in the absence of a speciﬁc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afﬁliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

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Preface

This book belongs to a series, which aims at emphasizing the impact of the mul-tidisciplinary approach practiced by ABC Department scientists to face timely challenges in the industry of the built environment. Following the concept that innovation happens as different researches stimulate each other, skills and inte-grated disciplines are brought together within the department, generating a diversity of theoretical and applied studies.

Therefore, the books present a structured vision of the many possible approaches—within the ﬁeld of architecture and civil engineering—to the devel-opment of researches dealing with the processes of planning, design, construction, management, and transformation of the built environment. Each book contains a selection of essays reporting researches and projects, developed during the last six years within the ABC Department (Architecture, Built Environment, and Construction Engineering) of Politecnico di Milano, concerning a cutting-edgeﬁeld in the international scenario of the construction sector. The design of schools has been recognized as one of the hottest topics in architectural research, also for the criticalities detected in the current conditions of Italian school buildings.

The papers have been chosen on the basis of their capability to describe the outputs and the potentialities of researches and projects, giving a report on expe-riences well rooted in the reality and at the same time introducing innovative perspectives for the future.

With the aim of exploring the evolutionary scenario of school design as an architectural topic, the collected papers were selected according to a comprehensive and multidisciplinary overview. Researches on typology and spatial organization are enriched through the contribution of a historical and social perspective to enlarge the focus on the urban role of the school buildings. Moreover, innovative approaches and tools have been highlighted both in the design process and in the education techniques. The presented experiences include best practices of

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consistent and coordinated contributions of the several disciplines involved in the design of school buildings, also implementing digital tools. Finally, the issues related to the challenges of the existing built stock triggered the development of more technical and specialized, albeit multidisciplinary, investigations and case studies’ reports.

Stefano Della Torre Head of the Department Architecture Built Environment and Construction Engineering Politecnico di Milano Milan, Italy e-mail: stefano.dellatorre@polimi.it

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About the Editors

Stefano Della Torre Graduated in Civil Engineering and in Architecture, he is a full professor in restoration at the Politecnico di Milano. He is the director of the ABC Department - Architecture, Built environment and Construction engineering. He is the author of more than 250 publications. He serves as an advisor for CARIPLO Foundation (Cultural districts) Province of Como and Lombardy Region (policies of programmed conservation of historical-architectural heritage). He is the president of Building SMART Italia - national chapter of association Building SMART interna-tional.

Massimiliano Bocciarelli is an associate professor at the Politecnico of Milan, he has been lecturing in the areas of structural and solid mechanics at the School of Industrial Engineering and of steel and concrete structures within the School of Architecture. He graduated at the Politecnico of Milan, completed a Master of Science in Structural Engineering at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden and a Ph.D. in Structural Engineering at the Politecnico di Milano. His research interests have been primarily focused on numerical methods for the modeling of the service and ultimate behavior of materials and structures with particular regard to the diagnosis of masonry historical structures. He is author of more than 40 papers on international journals and two book chapters.

Laura Daglio, Ph.D. is a registered architect and an associate professor of Architectural Technology at the Politecnico di Milano (Department of Architecture, the Built Environment and Construction Engineering) where she works on research issues concerning building and construction design with a special interest in social housing, environmental design and sustainability in architecture for new con-struction as well as renovation. She is involved in research programs funded by Ministries and Public Bodies at different levels and in international projects. She is the author of books, essays, articles in reviews and of academic papers included in international conference proceedings, on topics related to sustainability in archi-tecture and environmental comfort at different scales. She has been in charge

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of various projects for public and private buildings’ new construction and refurbishment and achieved mentions and awards in design competitions.

Raffaella Neri Graduated in Architecture in 1986, she is a full professor at the Politecnico di Milano. In 1993 she gained her Ph.D. in Architectural Composition from IUAV, Venice, with a dissertation entitled,“Essay on construction. Research into the role of construction and architectural design in relation to type and deco-ration”. In 1994–1995 she worked on organizing the exhibition entitled, “The Center elsewhere” (coordinated by A. Monestiroli), La Triennale di Milano. Since 2003 she has been a member of the teaching staff body for the Ph.D. in Architectural Composition at IUAV, Venice. Her research activities include the theory of architecture, urban design and the role of construction in design. In recent years she has studied compositional principles for residential developments and the issue of redevelopment of brownﬁeld sites and former military zones. She partic-ipates in design contests, winning the Luigi Cosenza National Architecture Award in 1996.

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Bovisa: A Park for Work and Research

Domenico Chizzoniti, Luca Monica, Tomaso Monestiroli and Raffaella Neri Abstract Some projects for the “Goccia di Bovisa” (Drop) area and the

neighbour-ing district are shown here: they fall within the urban transformation areas of the Milanese Territorial Government Plan (PGT). The Goccia area is involved in the plan to transfer part of the university campus to this site. This hypothesis was pro-moted and supported at the end of the 1980s by a group of researchers of the Faculty of Architecture. The idea was related to a sort of polycentric territorial city. Specif-ically, what they promoted was a new function for the area to set a new city centre in order to redeem its peripheral condition. The main reason for this option was the availability of dismissed industrial areas and the great rail accessibility provided for by the city plans that would have guaranteed urban and territorial relations. In agreement with the Municipality in 1990 the Faculty of Architecture developed a masterplan for the new settlement, which was blocked for decades due to pollution issues in the areas. The following projects derive from a new agreement promoted by the Municipality of Milan and Politecnico in 2016.

Keywords Urban design

·

Architectural composition

·

Bovisa

·

University Campus

1 The Settlement Places

The settlement project of the new Politecnico in Bovisa is primarily the project of a part of the city; a part that has long been destined to the outskirts, linked to the factories and their residences, emblematic of the last century’s disorderly and separate growth from the city.

D. Chizzoniti (

B

)· L. Monica · T. Monestiroli · R. Neri

Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering—ABC Department, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

e-mail:domenico.chizzoniti@polimi.it

S. Della Torre et al. (eds.), Buildings for Education, Research for Development,

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33687-5_9

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96 D. Chizzoniti et al.

The far-sighted choice of the late 1980s to place the new Politecnico, an important institution in the city, there and link it to the public transport infrastructure system by rail should have redeemed this state, bringing regional-scale public activities, services, residences, public places and green spaces to it: a new centrality, therefore, was able to reorganise all those activities that are typical of the urban settlements around it. This is a great opportunity to redesign this part of town, to give it a new identity and a corresponding shape.

This change in purposes and activities located in Bovisa should have corresponded to a transformation in the character and the quality of the places able to represent the new role and the new identity of this part of the city: places for study, research, living, community life, leisure, entertainment, sports and so on, urban places, to represent the life of an important part of the city.

This transformation has not yet taken place for several reasons, and instead the process of decline has already begun due to the dismantling of the School of Civil Architecture, located in the Bovisa district for nearly two decades.

More importantly, Bovisa does not have a recognised architectural quality nowa-days in terms of its places and buildings which correspond to the potential that the new Politecnico settlement could offer, together with other institutions (the Mario Negri Institute, for example). The study and research activities were positioned by renovating existing buildings, or by building them one by one again without a spe-cific design, without modifying or modernising the overall urban structure, without adding the quality that a settlement of such selected activities could involve, and without defining new areas for the city.

Railway connections have been enhanced, making this area highly accessible from different parts of the entire Lombardy region and more, making the potential of this area even more obvious; but the Drop area has remained as an enclave, still isolated and closed within the railway fence.

The redesign of the large area included in the UTA of Bovisa and the possibility to design the vast area of the Drop, the original settlement site for the Politecnico, offers the opportunity to give a new definition to the places of this part of the city, which has the scientific and technological faculties of the Politecnico di Milano campus as a centre of value.

The following projects are just some of those deriving from the consultation promoted by the Municipality of Milan and Politecnico in 2016. Compared to the theme of the lower-level school, the settlement and the project for a university campus have to deal with other problems. Assuming a role of a major urban body the campus deals with the issue of building a central core in the city, a collective institution able, through its architecture, to define the identity and condition the destiny of a large urban district. The project is supposed to address the idea of the settlement and clarify its compositional principles to organise buildings and places that define it.

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Bovisa: A Park for Work and Research 97

2 The Waste Land. the Politecnico di Milano at the Bovisa

District in the Gasometri Industrial Park Area, 2016

Design goup: D. Chizzoniti, L. Monica, R. Gabaglio, G. Guarisco, L. Jurina, M. Bocciarelli, V. Donato, S. Recalcati, S. Riva, H. Pessoa

With: S. Cusatelli, P. Galbiati, O. Meregalli (Laboratorio informatico di architettura), D. Orlandi Arrigoni, I. Sgaria, R. Zucco

The theme of the project “A park for research and work in Bovisa” is, from the ear-liest hypothesis of 1974, the theme of the projects and studies that have taken place over the years and that have made the area of gasometers an unresolved urban area. The area is still waiting for the definition of balances between the need for redemp-tion in terms of architecture and landscape, compared to the potential opportunities for qualified training, research and economic development. The creation of a new Politecnico headquarters in the Bovisa area is an important opportunity to help over-come a crisis in the city, a crisis that threatens to alter its physiology. The hypothesis adopted is that of an industrial settlement, articulated over time as a place of pro-duction, of transformation and of exchange: a place that maintains these propulsive characteristics, transferring them to the sectors of production and culture. Starting from the awareness of the Politecnico history, which since 1974 sees the area of Bovisa as a place for research and education, the project tackles with the complexity of the intervention by reorganising it according to some strongly integrated functions. There are some basic aspects to be taken into consideration:

(a) the need for the consolidation and expansion of the Politecnico in the area of gasometers, with the integration of the Science Park;

(b) the opportunity to build a large urban park, equipped and connected to the campus rediscovered in the “waste land” of the gasometer area.

(c) Closely connected to these, the other functional nodes are achieved:

(d) the recovery, restoration and reuse of the abandoned heritage of the industrial complex of gas production, which continues today as a well-structured fragment of a city-factory;

(e) the integration between the future enlargement and that already implemented (Politecnico Lambruschini-La Masa). This structure requires consolidation, with interventions on urban public spaces for greater pedestrian accessibility and facilities for the campus life;

(f) the organisation of a linear residential park to complete the campus, with inte-grated services, facilities for accessibility with a new architectural structure of the FNM Bovisa railway station and the new shopping area.

(g) the renewal of accessibility and public transport for full compatibility between urban scale and new functions, with consequent decongestion of local traffic. This hypothesis is based on checking the sustainability on the urban scale of the amount of traffic generated by the new functions, by means of model simulations able to verify the local aspects and those of the areas surrounding (Figs.1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

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3 Bovisa 2016: A New Urban Settlement

Design group: R. Neri, T. Monestiroli, I. Boniello, F. Menegatti

With: O. Meregalli (Laboratorio LidAr), F. Guzzetti, M. Ronconi (topogra-phy), Isabella Balestreri (architectural history), S. Croce, T. Poli (environmental sustainability), M. Morena, T. Truppi (economic sustainability), E. Garavaglia (structures), C. Campanella (restoration). Technical advisors: S. Recalacati, V. Donato, S. Riva (city planning), and: G. Uboldi, E. Cuogo

We believe that the Drop area should not remain closed off, to be allocated exclusively for the university campus, but it should become an integral part of the city, open to life and to the inhabitants of Bovisa; it should promote a mix of activities and include collective places, open spaces and green places, measured empty spaces, corresponding to the squares and gardens of the ancient city. These open spaces, the commercial places of the city par excellence, are the elements that structure the settlement according to a hierarchical principle that distinguishes its role, character, shape and size.

The central point, organising the system, is the large rectangular lawn developed along the south-east/north-west axis, which is a recurrent orientation in Milan, where the road follows through to the previous location of the gasometers. It is concluded to the north by the library building and to the south by two gasometers, the remains and symbol of Bovisa’s recent past. Inside are some of the site’s most interesting industrial archaeology buildings.

All the parts that make up the new settlement converge on this site: on this side and beyond the lawn, the buildings for study and research belonging to the new Politecnico and its residences face one another.

A square with the services, commercial activities and other community spaces for the university and the neighbourhood intersects across the park and marks the central place. From the Villapizzone station, the square goes along a porticoed services building, including other buildings recovered from the former settlement and ends in another place, a triangular square with the large auditorium for the campus and the city, which the science park and business start-up accelerator buildings look out onto.

Beyond the Bovisa station, in relation to the existing district, lies a new mixed settlement that includes residences, workspaces, small shops and services. It is built along an inner central pedestrian spine, and almost parallel to Via Bovisasca, a green communal area which houses and workplaces look out onto.

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This sinuous place ends in a square which the buildings of large retailers in the vicinity of Piazzale Lugano look out onto, whose road system must be properly reorganised on the basis of the definition of the shopping centre (Figs.6,7,8, 9).

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Fig. 7 Perspective view from the central lawn towards the Gasometri

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Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0

International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

Bovisa: a park for work and research

Research for Development

Stefano Della Torre

Massimiliano Bocciarelli

Laura Daglio

Raffaella Neri Editors

Buildings

for Education

A Multidisciplinary Overview

Research for Development

Stefano Della Torre

Massimiliano Bocciarelli

Laura Daglio

Raffaella Neri

Editors

Buildings for Education

A Multidisciplinary Overview of The Design

of School Buildings

Preface

Contents

About the Editors

Bovisa: A Park for Work and Research

·

·

·

1

The Settlement Places

B

2

The Waste Land. the Politecnico di Milano at the Bovisa

District in the Gasometri Industrial Park Area, 2016

3

Bovisa 2016: A New Urban Settlement