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DISI!%!Via!Sommarive!5!%!38123!Povo!%!Trento!(Italy)! http://disi.unitn.it!

Human Behavior Recognition using a Context-Free Grammar

Andrea Rosani, Nicola Conci, and Francesco De Natale

January 2015

Technical Report # DISI-15-002 Version 1.0

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Living Room Area Kitchen Area c i n o b l m a d g e f Living Room Area Kitchen Area c i n o b l m a d g e f

HUMAN BEHAVIOR RECOGNITION!

USING A CONTEXT FREE GRAMMAR!

Andrea Rosani, Nicola Conci, and Francesco G.B. De Natale

Multimedia Signal Processing and Understanding Lab

DISI - University of Trento

Via Sommarive 9 – 38123 Povo - Trento (Italy)

http://mmlab.disi.unitn.it/

Automa'c)recogni'on)of)human)ac'vi'es)and)behaviors)is)s'll)a)challenging)problem)for) many) reasons,) including) limited) accuracy) of) the) data) acquired) by) sensing) devices,) high) variability) of) human) behaviors,) and) gap$ between$ visual$ appearance$ and$ scene$

seman3cs.))

Symbolic)approaches)can)significantly)simplify)the)analysis)and)turn)raw)data)into)chains) of) meaningful) pa>erns.) This) allows) ge@ng) rid) of) most) of) the) clu>er) produced) by) lowA level)processing)opera'ons,)embedding)significant)contextual)informa'on)into)the)data,) as)well)as)using)simple)syntac'c)approaches)to)perform)the)matching)between)incoming) sequences)and)models.) )

1.)Introduc'on)

2.)Problem)Statement)

(i)  represent)incoming)path)through)a)set)of)defined)hot$spots,)in)order)to)bring)the)the) low)level)representa'on)to)a)symbolic)one;)) (ii)  during)the)training,)apply)an)algorithm)to)extract)the)signature)of)each)class)and)to) code)the)CFG)models)based)on)both)posi3ve$and$nega3ve$samples;))

(iii) introduce) the) possibility) of) efficiently) retraining) the) system) in) the) presence) of) misclassified)or)unrecognized)events;)) (iv) in)the)classifica'on,)operate)a)parsing)procedure)that)allows)correct)detec'on)of)the) ac'vi'es)also)when)they)are)concatenated$and/or$nested)one)with)each)other.)

4.)Framework)descrip'on)

Human)ac'vity)is)highly)variable:)people)tend)to)perform)same)ac'ons)using)different) paths)in)normal)life.)The)objec've)of)this)work)is)to)define)a)technique)robust)to)the) noise)to)represent,)detect)and)classify)complex$human$behaviors.$ )

3.)Solu'on)based)on)a)Context)Free)Grammar)

Activity Ground Truth

Activity 1 Activity 2 Signaled Activity Input Act. 1 Act. 2 i b g b i a g a i b g i a g a b i b g k b i a g a i b g i k b a g a Noise Noise (a) (b) (c) (d) Ac3vity$spo;ng$examples:$$ (a))two)consecu've)sequences;) (b))hierarchy)between)two)ac'vi'es;) (c))two)nested)ac'vi'es)with)noisy)symbols;)) (d))two)overlapping)ac'vi'es)with)noisy)symbols.) REFERENCES:$ •  N.)Pio>o,)N.)Conci,)and)F.)G.)B.)De)Natale,)“Syntac'c)matching)of)trajectories)for)ambient)intelligence)applica'ons,”)IEEE)Trans.)Mul'med.)11(7),)1266–1275)(2009).) •  N.)Pio>o)et)al.,)“Object)trajectory)analysis)in)video)indexing)and)retrieval)applica'ons,”)Studies)Comput.)Intell.)287,)3–32)(2010)) •  A.)Rosani,)G.)Boato,)and)F.)G.)B.)De)Natale,)“Weighted)symbolic)analysis)of)human)behavior)for)event)detec'on,”)Proc.)SPIE)8663,)866306)(2013).) •  A.)Rosani,)N.)Conci,)and)F.)G.)B.)De)Natale,)“Human)behavior)understanding)for)assisted)living)by)means)of)hierarchical)context)free)grammars,”)Proc.)SPIE)9026,)90260E)(2014)) •  A.)Rosani,)N.)Conci,)and)F.)G.)B.)De)Natale,)“Human)behavior)recogni'on)using)a)contextAfree)grammar,”)J.)Electron.)Imaging,)23(3),)033016)(2014).)doi:10.1117/1.JEI.23.3.033016.)

5.)Results)

Example)of)intersec'on)between)the) languages)L1)=)L(P1))and)L2)=)L(P2)) generated)by)posi've)samples)only.) Example)of)intersec'on)between)two) languages)L’1)=)L(P’1))and)L’2)=)L(P’2))) generated)by)posi3ve$and$nega3ve$ samples.) Living Room Area Kitchen Area c i n o b l m a d g e f a – table b – sofa c – entry d – pantry e – sink f – cooker g – fridge h – heaterA i – tv l – heaterB m – doorA n – small table o – chair Cam1 Cam2 Comparison)of)the)obtained)results)against)the)reference) method:)T.#Kasteren,#G.#Englebienne,#and#B.#Krse,#“Human#ac9vity# recogni9on#from#wireless#sensor#network#data:#Benchmark#and#soBware,”#in# Ac9vity#Recogni9on#in#Pervasive#Intelligent#Environments,#L.#Chen#et#al.,#Eds,# pp.#165–186,#Atlan9s#Press,#Amsterdam,#Netherlands#(2011).#

T ' = {R

j

, t

j

} j=1, ... , M

R

j

HOTSPOT

HOTSPOT representation

T = {P

i

, t

i

} i =1, ... , N

P

i

= {x

i

, y

i

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Trajectory representation T T’ OBJECT)TRACKING) TRAJECTORY) PROCESSING)) ACTIVITY)SIGNATURE) DISCOVERY)AND)CFG) RULES)CODING) TRAINING CFG$RULES$DATABASE$ CFGABASED)PARSER) CLASSIFICATION String combination

algorithm detection Activity

CFG rules definition Training set (positive and negative sample strings) Re-training procedure with CFG rules update ) ) In$the$training$phase$(offline),$a$ set$of$paths$are$used$to$ automa3cally$learn$the$signature$ of$each$ac3vity$class$formally$ coded$as$CFG$rules.$ $ ) ) The$classifica3on$is$performed$ through$a$parsing$strategy$ followed$by$grammar$evalua3on$ using$standard$deriva3on$rules.$ CFG parsing algorithm Clustering strings into activities

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