5.1
Registration 5.1.1
Pharmaceutical products 5.1.1.1
General
An auxiliary such as povidone, crospovidone or copovidone cannot be registered as such by the authorities for use in pharmaceutical products. In Europe, Japan or America, it is always only possible to register a finished drug. There is no general positive or negative list of auxiliaries used in pharmaceuticals. It is only possible to state in which countries pharmaceuticals that contain povidone, copovidone and/or crospovidone are registered.
5.1.1.2
Pharmacopoeias
In practice, a pharmaceutical preparation that contains povidone, copovidone and/or crospovidone can only be registered if these auxiliaries meet the require- ments of the monographs in the pharmacopoeias that are regarded as mandatory in the countries concerned. The products described in this book meet these requirements (Table 183).
The monograph “Povidone” is in stage 5 to be worldwide harmonized.
Table 183. Excipients of this book covered by pharmacopoeias
Product Ph.Eur. USP-NF J.P./J.P.E.
Povidone K 12 + + n. a.
Povidone K 17 + + +
Povidone K 25-90 + + +
Crospovidone + + +
Copovidone + + +
n.a. = Monograph not available
222 5 Registration and toxicological data
5.1.1.3
Registrations in individual countries
Pharmaceutical products that contain povidone, crospovidone or copovidone have been registered in all important drug markets like Europa, USA, Japan etc.
for parenteral, oral and topical administration.
The following limitations apply to povidone in injectables:
1. Japan
Up to 2001 Povidone K 12 was only registered in one human injectable, and povidone K 17 in different human preparations.
2. Europe
The use of povidone in finished parenteral preparations was regulated in Ger- many by the Federal Health Ministry in 1983 [214]:
– The K-value must be smaller than 18.
– The packaging and the package insert of the finished declaration must declare the quantity used.
– Attention must be drawn to the possibility of accumulation in the organism after frequent administration.
– For intramuscular administration a maximum of 50 mg of povidone is per- mitted per individual dose.
Similar regulations also apply in other european countries.
5.1.1.4
Drug Master File (DMF)
Drug Masters Files are only required for the registration of excipients not includ- ed in the Pharmacopoeias as monographs. Therefore for povidone, crospovidone and copovidone a DMF is not needed for the registration of a drug containing one of these excipients.
5.1.2 Food 5.1.2.1 General
While there are no such lists for pharmaceutical products, various countries have
positive lists regulating the use of auxiliaries in food. These lists include soluble
and insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone, though in some cases only for certain appli-
cations.
5.1.2.2 ADI value
In 1987 the World Health Organization (WHO + FAO) specified an Accepted Dai- ly Intake (ADI) value for soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone) in food of 0–50 mg/kg body weight [372]. For Crospovidone the ADI value is “not specified” and therefore no limit is given for the application in foods [215].
5.1.2.3
Registration of povidone in the Europe and USA
In the European Union soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone having a nominal K-value of 25, 30, or 90 has got the E-number E 1201 for the use in dietary food supplements in (coated) tablet form and in sweetener preparations.
Povidone with an average molecular weight of 40 000 (povidone K 30) is regis- tered for use in the USA in the manufacture of the foods listed in Table 184, sub- ject to certain restrictions [487].
In the USA, povidone with a number average molecular weight of 360 000 (povidone K 90) is permitted for use as a clarifying agent for beer. The amount remaining in the beer must not exceed 10 ppm.
5.1.2.4
Registration status of crospovidone for use in food in different countries
In the European Union insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (“polyvinylpolypyrroli- done”) has got the E-number E 1202 for the use in dietary food supplements in (coated) tablet form and in sweetener preparations.
Table 184. Registration of povidone K 30 for use in food in the USA
Food Purpose Conditions of use
Wine Clarifying agent Residue <60 ppm
Vinegar Clarifying agent Residue <40 ppm
Vitamin, mineral or flavouring Tabletting auxiliary According to cGMP
concentrates in tablet form rules
Sweetener tablets Tabletting auxiliary According to cGMP rules
Vitamin and mineral Stabilizer, According to cGMP
or sweetener concentrates in dispersant, rules
liquid form thickener
224 5 Registration and toxicological data