* RCNP Cyclotron Facility

Ring Cyclotron Building since 1991

AVF Cyclotron Building since 1973

Main Building

Radio Isotope Building

since 1971

7^th Italy-Japan Symposium on Nuclear Physics

* RCNP Cyclotron Facility

November 20 to 23, 2012 Milan, Italy

Mitsuhiro FUKUDA

RCNP, Osaka University

(Research Center for Nuclear Physics)

*

1. Overview of the RCNP cyclotron facility 2. High quality beam for precise nuclear

physics experiments

3. Intense proton beam for applications using secondarily-produced particles

4. Summary

１．Overview of the RCNP

cyclotron facility

 Nuclear Physics

Few nucleon system

Medium modification of the interaction Spin isospin excitations

Giant resonance

Heavy ion physics with radioactive isotopes

. . .

 Fundamental Symmetry

Ultra Cold Neutron

 Interdisciplinary Researches

Nuclear chemistry Nuclear medicine Biological science Materials science

Radiation damage of semiconductor devices

* Research programs

*

K=400 MeV, DE/E～ 0.01%

Since 1992 Ring Cyclotron

AVF Cyclotron

K=140 MeV, DE/E < 0.1%

Since 1973 UCN source

MuSIC Grand Raiden

Energy Resolution DE/E ~ 0.005%

Radio-Isotope Beam

# Odahara-san and Aoi-san talks

*

1973 Completed

1991 Mainly used as an injector of the ring cyclotron Proton 10～80MeV

Magnet

•Pole diameter : 3300 mm

•Pole gap : 206 ~ 347 mm

•Averaged field : 1.6 T

•Extraction radius : 1000 mm

•Trim coils : 16 pairs

•Valley coils : 3 ~ 5 pairs

•Weight : 400 tons

Acceleration system

•Dee : Single type with 180 degree spanning angle

•Resonator : Coaxial type with a movable short

•Frequency : 6 ~ 19 MHz

•Max. acceleration voltage : 60 kV

•Acceleration harmonics : 1, 3

•Extraction system : Electrostatic deflector, weak-focusing magnetic channel Ion Sources

•External ion source : Atomic beam type polarized ion source,

Room-temperature and superconducting ECR ion sources

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

RCNP_AVF_K200_standalone

Bext (kG) M/Q=1 Bext (kG) M/Q=3/2 Bext (kG) M/Q=2 Bext (kG) M/Q=3 Bext (kG) M/Q=4

Bext (kG)

E/A (MeV/n)

M/Q=1 2 3/2

3 4

【Specifications】

・Energy of ions with M/Q≦5 proton ≦ 80 MeV D⁺, ⁴He²⁺ ≦ 35 MeV/n

3He²⁺ ≦ 180 MeV Heavy Ion ≦ 140×(Q/A)²

・RF 6～19 MHz

・Acc. harmonics 1, 3

・Average field ≦ 1.7 T

Operation Parameters of K140 AVF Cyclotron

●Characteristics

- Variable energy and multi-particle - Operation mode : injector of the ring

cyclotron and stand-alone mode

Available

Magnet of 3-sector type

*

1991 Completed Proton 100～420MeV

Bypass beam line

Magnet

•Sector magnets : 6

•Pole gap : 60 mm

•Maximum magnetic field : 1.75 T

•Trim coils : 36 pairs

•Injection radius : 2 m

•Extraction radius : 4 m

•Weight : 2200 tons

Acceleration system

•Single gap type cavity : 3

•Frequency : 30 ~ 52 MHz

•Acceleration harmonics : 6, 10

•Max. acceleration voltage : 500 kV

•RF power : 250 kW/cavity

Flat-topping cavity

•Single gap type : 1

•FT harmonics : 3

•Frequency : 90 ~ 156 MHz

【Specifications】

・Energy Designed for light ions with M/Q≦3

proton ≦ 420 MeV D⁺, ⁴He²⁺ ≦ 100 MeV/n

3He²⁺ ≦ 170 MeV/n Heavy Ion ≦ 400×(Q/A)²

・RF 30～52 MHz

・Acc. harmonics 6, 10, 12, 18

・Average field 8 kG(max.17.5)

*

0 5 10 15 20

10 100 1000

Upgrade of RCNP K400 Ring Cyclotron E/A vs. Bext@Ring cyclotron

Acc. harmonics : Ring h6, 10, 12, 18 AVF h1, 3

B (kG) at Ring extraction

E/A (MeV/n)

M/Q=1 3/2 2

4 3 5 M/Q=7 6

K400 Ring Cyclotron

Available

●Characteristics

- Beam power : 0.44kW for proton - Energy spread : ΔE/E～0.01%

- Mag. Field stability : ΔB/B<0.001%

*

18 GHz superconducting ECR source

Proton 53%

3-He 13%

Alpha 6%

12-C 3%

16-O 2%

18-O 12%

40-Ar 1%

129Xe

3% POL-P

7% Proton

3-He Alpha 12-C 16-O 18-O 40-Ar 129Xe POL-P

* Cyclotron operation data in 2011

Total ： 5362 hours

（Experiments, beam tuning, beam developments）

・p, d, ³He, ⁴He ： 4253 h

・Heavy ions（≧¹²C） ： 1109 h

*

Hours

K140 AVF cyclotron was commissioned.

K400 Ring cyclotron was commissioned.

Upgrade of K140 AVF cyclotron for increase of heavy-ion beam intensity

0h 2000h 4000h 6000h 8000h

year

Operation Statistics

RING Overhaul AVF Overhaul Cavity test

Scheduled Shutdown Unscheduled Shutdown Set-up maintenance H.I

Alpha 3-He H2 Pol-D Deuteron Pol-P Proton

２．High quality beam for

precise nuclear physics

experiments

*

Conditions High Intensity

Mode High Resolution Mode Intensity 5~10 mA > 100 nA (achromatic) Energy spread

DE/E < 10^-3 < 1×10^-4 (achromatic)

< 5×10^-5 (dispersive) Emittance 1~3 p mm・mr < 1 p mm・mr

Extraction single-turn single-turn Transmission

efficiency high very high

Beam halo (large) halo-free

*

 

2 1sin cos sin cos

2 2

dee dee

gain dee k

E  N Q V^ ^ h^  V ^ hk ^ k   ^

●Energy gain per turn

N_dee: Number of Dee θ_dee: Span angle of Dee Q: Charge state

V₁: Fundamental voltage V_k: k-th harmonic voltage h: Acceleration harmonics α: Phase offset of the k-th harmonics

 

2 1sin cos sin cos

2 2

gain k

E  Q V^ ^p h^  V ^p hk ^ k   ^

For a single Dee electrode with a span angle of θ_dee=180°,

Condition for flat-topping :

2

2 0 0

d E at

d 

 ^{ }

2 1

k 1 V

V  k

Voltage ratio for k-th harmonics

-3.0 10^-4 -2.0 10^-4 -1.0 10^-4 0.0 10⁰ 1.0 10^-4

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15

DE/E

Phase (rf degrees)

V1

V1+V

5

V1+V

4

V1+V

3

V1+V

2

3^rd harmonics

Lateral and Angular dispersion matching between WS-beam line and Grand RAIDEN

Grand-RAIDEN LAS

(Large Acceptance Spectrometer)

Spectrometers in the 0-deg. experiment setup

Intensity : 3 ~ 8 nA

As a beam spot monitor in the vertical direction

Transport : Dispersive mode

Polarized Proton Beam at 295 MeV

Focal Plane Polarimeter

Ultrahigh Energy Resolution Experiment Using the High Quality Beam

ΔE = 12.8 keV

achieved by 300MeV proton World record !!

58Ni(³He,t)

E = 140 MeV/u DE = 35keV

Ultrahigh resolution achieved in the (³He,t) experiment

RCNP 2001 IUCF

Ordinary resolution measured in the (p,n) experiment

Comparison of resolutions

58Ni(p, n)⁵⁸Cu E_p = 160 MeV

J. Rapaport NPA (‘83)

58Ni(p, n)⁵⁸Cu

E_p = 160 MeV 58Ni(³He, t)⁵⁸Cu

E = 140 MeV/u

Counts

Excitation Energy (MeV) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Comparison of (p, n) and (³He,t) ０^o spectra

Y. Fujita et al., EPJ A 13 (’02) 411.

H. Fujita et al., PRC 75 (’07) 034310

J. Rapaport et al.

NPA (‘83)

GTGR

Study of GT excitations (caused by st operator) !

RCNP Example of experiments at Grand-RAIDEN (not completed)

p and n distribution via (p, p)

Zenihiro, Matsuda, Sakaguchi

Complete E1/M1 response via (p, p’) @ 0-degree A. Tamii, P. von Neumann-Cosel

 cluster via (, ’) Kawabata, M. Itoh

Spin/Isospin response via (³He, t ) Y. Fujita, H. Fujita

Medium effect via (p,2p) / (p,pn) Noro, Wakasa

Tensor component via high energy (p,d) O. H. Jin, I. Tanihata

pn-paring via (³He, p) / (p, ³He) @ low energy J. Lee

Double charge exchange (¹⁸O, ¹⁸Ne) T. Uesaka, Takahisa

３．Intense proton beam for applications using

secondarily-produced

particles

*

Conditions High Intensity

Mode High Resolution Mode Intensity 5~10 mA > 100 nA (achromatic) Energy spread

DE/E < 10^-3 < 1×10^-4 (achromatic)

< 5×10^-5 (dispersive)

Emittance 1~3 p mm・mr < 1 p mm・mr Extraction single-turn single-turn Transmission

efficiency high very high

Beam halo (large) halo-free

Present Max. 1.1 mA

RCNP Ion Source Complex

GL1 2.45GHz ECR ProtonSource(HIP-ECR)

Bellows

BVFC

GV QL ECR-SL_X ECR-SL

_Y FC

HIP-ECR ビーム輸送ライン機器配置図2009/12/20版

BM1

BM2 HV電源用ラック

GL電源500A/35V GL2 BM3

18GHz SC-ECR for heavy ions

NEOMAFIOS for p, d, He, Li ~ Mg, Ar 2.45GHz HIPECR for intense p

HIPIS for polarized p, d

FC

FC

Injection

HIPIS

NEOMAFIOS

HIPECR

SCECR

TQ1 WIEN F. TQ2

Typical transmission through AVF cyclotron is 5 - 7 %.

90 % emittance:

e_x = 6p mm・mrad、

e_y = 10p mm・mrad

* HIP- ECR引出電極ver.3（高電圧対応型）

3 9 16 1

23 0 30 0

15 15 15 15

60 60 60 60

絶縁板（Ａ）

絶縁板（C）

絶縁板（Ｂ）

ス リ ッ ト＆ビ ー ム ビ ュ ー ア ー 用 ポ ー ト（RCNP標準仕様）

上部と 側部に 1個

203 ^{IC F203フ ラ ンジ}

真空ゲ ー ジ 用ポ ー ト NW25- 50 L

（実際は側面に 2 個設置）

13 0

※電極固定フ ラ ン ジ は 製作範囲外

（10-249-101～103を 使用）

※チ ェ ン バ ー は 0 8- 11- 0 8C- 105 と 同様の 構造を 有し、

長さ やポ ー トの 種類・数、

ボ ル ト穴の PCDな ど を 変更

Simulation in the extraction region by IGUN

- Transmission : 85％

- Emittance : 12πmm・mr - Brightness : 2.4×10^－6

A/(mm・mr)^２

15 keV proton

~0.8 mA

*

Applications

- Nuclear reaction Data Base

- Radiation effects on RAM, power devices, etc.

- Radioisotopes for nuclear medicines Fundamental physics

- Neutron EDM measurements

*

UCN source

MuSIC

White neutron source

100m tunnel for Neutron Energy Measurement

RI

production Quasi-mono energetic

neutron

* Quasi mono-energy neutron source

Beam dump

Movable shield wall（1.5 m thick ） neutron

Clearing magnet

（100×100 mm²)

7Li target proton

neutron

7Li target: 1 cm （0.535 g/cm²） Proton current: 1 mA

Distance from the target: 8 m

1.1×10⁴ n/cm²/s peak：tails≒1:1 DE  2－5 MeV

H. Sakai et al.,

Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 369 (1996) 120-134

Intensity and peak:tails of neutrons above 100 MeV

Neutron Energy [MeV]

Neutron Count [ /mC/500keV]

16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72

0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 (10⁸)

Neutron Energy [MeV]

Neutron Count [ /mC/500keV]

12 16 20 24 28

0 1 2 3 4 (10⁷)

Neutron Energy [MeV]

Neutron Count [ /mC/500keV]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16

0 1 2 3 (10⁷)4

Proton 65 MeV 2 mm thick ⁷Li

Protons: 30 MeV 2 mm thick ⁷Li

Protons 17 MeV 1.2 mm thick ⁷Li

Intensity of neutrons normalized by the beam current, the target thickness and the solid angle;

(65 MeV) : (30 MeV) : (17 MeV)

＝1 : 0.21 : 0.11

7Li (p, n) ⁷Be

Intensity and peak:tails of neutrons at low energies

*

UCN source

MuSIC

White neutron source

100m tunnel for Neutron Energy Measurement

RI

production Quasi-mono energetic

neutron

High density UCN production

Prototype He-II spallation UCN source

UCN storage

bottle

UCN valve

Iron and concrete shields

400 W proton beam Lead target

Vertical He-II

cryostat ⁴He pump

3He pump

3He circulator 26 UCN/cm³ E_c = 90 neV, 2011

Horizontal He-II UCN source

r_s = production rate P × storage time t_s 1) P ×10 ×1.2

2) volume ×11.0/8.0 3) t_s ×1.8

r_exp = 9,000 UCN/cm³ at E_c = 250 neV

New UCN source under construction

EDM dn（e・

cm)

μn

Charge distribution

+ -

dn

Electric Dipole Moment

2.725K

New Physics SM

Nuclei Atoms

Galaxy

10^-43 s 10^-38 s 10^-12 s 1 s 10⁵ year The present

Temperature

10³²K Big Bang

Proton and neutron Lepton and quark

Phase

transition matter >>

Anti-matter

Neutron

10-13 cm

Existence of the Electric Dipole Moment of a particle violates P invariance as well as T, and so leads CP violation.

Spin

CP violation

Measurement of μnHo± dnE

E H0

*

UCN source

MuSIC

White neutron source

100m tunnel for Neutron Energy Measurement

RI

production Quasi-mono energetic

neutron

*

Average SER (Soft Error Rate) in SRAM ~ 1,000 FIT^*/Mb SRAMs in a system (server, etc) ~ 1Gb/system

10⁶ FIT/system

~ 10^-3 error/hour/system

~ 10 errors/year/system

* 1 FIT = 1

error/10⁹ hours

*Logic error cannot be corrected

Cosmic rays in the terrestrial environment

10^-9 10^-8 10^-7 10^-6 10^-5 10^-4 10^-3 10^-2

10⁰ 10¹ 10² 10³ 10⁴

Flux/(cm2 -MeV-s)

Particle energy (M eV)

Neutr ons

Muons

Proton Pio s

ns

Total flux/cm²-yr Muons = 65466 Neutrons = 44812 Pions = 48 Protons = 360

@ New York City

J. F. Ziegler et al., IBM J. Res. Dev. 40 (1996) 19

High energy neutron is the main source of the soft errors on LSIs on the earth.

Charge particle clearing magnet

（pole gap：70 mm)

W target

Secondary emission chamber Beam dump

Collimator (100 mm)

White neutron source@ RCNP

Beam viewer

Top View

Side View

Beam stopper

Beam

W50 mm × H50 mm × D65mm

Proton beam 400 MeV

Neutrons

West experimental hall

Sample

Neutron flux at RCNP

中性子エネルギー（MeV）

proton 1 mA

8.6 m from the production target

Pb target 100 thick

W target 65 mm thick

Neutrons/MeV/cm2 /s

Neutron energy (MeV)

2x10⁸ times of sea level in N.Y.

Proton 1mA

8.6 m from the production target

RCNP is one of best white neutron beams in the world [C. Slayman IRPS 2010]

*

UCN source

MuSIC

White neutron source

100m tunnel for Neutron Energy Measurement

RI

production Quasi-mono energetic

neutron

10

⁸

*

UCN source

MuSIC

White neutron source

100m tunnel for Neutron Energy Measurement

RI

production Quasi-mono energetic

neutron

Radioisotopes for medical diagnostic procedures

Single Photon Emission Positron Emission

(Neutron rich) (Proton rich)

99mTc 87% (0.9M/year) ¹⁵O 2%

67Ga 3% ¹¹C Research

201Tl 4% ¹³N Research

111In 1% ¹⁸F 98% (¹⁸FDG 0.3M/year)

123I 4% ⁸²Rb Research

131I 1% ¹²⁴I Research

133Xe 1% ⁶²Zn Research

64Cu Research

(in Japan) 87% of ⁹⁹Mo (T_1/2=66h) decays to

99mTc: 143 keV isomeric state of ⁹⁹Tc

(^99mTc labeled tissue-specific radiopharmaceuticals)

Mo Ni Au

Mo Ni Au

Mo target(Mo 20mmΦ pipe; 1mm thickness

Proton beam

400MeV 35nA 30 min irradiation

Proton beam

Feasibility test to produce ⁹⁹Mo by spallation neutrons

Mo pellet

*

200 mm

Proton beam

c v c v

c v

c v c v

c v c v

c v c v

c v c v

c v c v

c v c

v c v

c v

c v c

v c v c

v

c v

c v c

v

Mo etc. detectors Measurement of neutron flux

100

⁹⁹

Ep/MeV

10 MeV ＜ E_p ＜ 17 MeV s > 1.0 b

s_max = 1.5 b

Schematic diagram for the production of ^99mTc and the chemical separation

Bone scintigraphy with ^99mTc-MDP using rat

Production rate

natMo 1g

99Mo: 3MBq/mA·h

CT SPECT CT+SPECT

●High quality light ion beams : DE/E = 0.01 %

- precise nuclear physics experiments using the Grand-RAIDEN with ultra- high energy resolution

- A new upgrade program for improving the energy resolution has been approved and just started.

●Intense proton beam : 400 MeV x 1.1 mA = 0.44 kW

- Neutrons and DC-muons are provided for a variety of application fields as well as the fundamental physics

- A new project of the new accelerator complex providing a variety of high quality intense ion beams will be proposed soon.

K400 Ring Cyclotron K140 AVF Cyclotron

Thank you for

your attention

*

- Control room is included in the reconstruction area - Shutdown period : August, 2012 to March, 2013

*

So far New

console