John L. MARSHALL1936–1980

Who’s Who in Orthopedics definitive edition. In this he succeeded admirably.

It was a task of great complexity, for Paré had had a long life as a writer (1545–1590) and during this time had not only discussed a tremendous variety of subjects, but had modified and changed his opinions and doctrines continually. The entire body of Paré’s writing is arranged and ordered with great skill. It is possible to follow the devel- opment of Paré’s ideas on any subject to their final form. A complete subject index multiplies the value of the collection.

A considerable portion of the first volume is devoted to an introduction, which consists of a history of surgery in western Europe from the sixth to the sixteenth century, ending with a bio- graphy of Paré and a discussion of his work. This introduction is one of the finest short accounts of the history of surgery extant. It is unfortunate that it was not published separately, as it stands in the shadow of the immensity of Paré’s achievement, and for this reason has not received the attention that is its due. It has recently become available in English translation.

John Shaw Billings, American surgeon and his- torian, epitomizes the career of Malgaigne:

Malgaigne was the greatest surgical historian and critic the world has yet seen, a brilliant speaker and writer, whose native genius, joined to incessant labour, brought about a new mode of judging of the merits of surgical procedures—the mode of statistical compari- son joined to experiment. He was not a great operator, and although he made some improvement in the art, such as his hooks for the treatment of fractures of the patella, his suggestion of suprathyroid, laryngotomy, etc., these are of small importance as compared with his work of exploding errors, exposing fallacies in rea- soning, and bringing to bear upon the work of the present day the light of the experience of the past, of which his treatise on fractures and dislocations affords many excellent examples.

References

1. Hamby WB (1965) Surgery and Ambroise Paré by J.F. Malgaigne. Norman, Oklahoma Press

2. Malgaigne JF (1859) A Treatise on Fractures. Trans- lated from the French with Notes and Additions by John H. Packard. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott and Company, p 523

3. Pettier LF (1958) Joseph François Malgaigne and Malgaigne’s Fracture. Surgery 44:777

4. Stewart FC (1843) The Hospitals and Surgeons of Paris. New York, Langley, and Philadelphia,Carey and Hart, p 360

219

John L. MARSHALL

1936–1980

John L. Marshall died in a light-plane crash on February 19, 1980. He had just left the Atlanta, Georgia, meeting of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons and was en route to Lake Placid, New York, for the Winter Olympics as consultant to the US ski team. Although an accomplished pilot, he was a passenger in the plane. He was 43 years old and at the height of a remarkably distinguished and productive career.

Dr. Marshall was Director of Sports Medicine

at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York

City, having founded the Sports Medicine Clinic

there in 1971. At the time of his death he had

become a world-renowned figure in orthopedics

and sports medicine. His patients included many

famous professional athletes as well as innumer-

able New York City public-school athletes who

crowded his weekly clinic. At the Hospital for

Special Surgery he was an attending surgeon in

the Department of Orthopedics and Director of

the Laboratory of Comparative Orthopedics and

Experimental Surgery. He also held appointments

in the Departments of Anatomy and Surgery at

Cornell University Medical College. As such, he

was intimately involved in undergraduate and

graduate medical teaching and research. He was

an active Fellow in the American Academy of

Orthopedic Surgeons and the American College

of Surgeons and was a member of numerous

other professional organizations, including the

American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medi-

cine, the American College of Sports Medicine,

and the Orthopedic Research Society. He was widely known as team physician for the New York Giants professional football club and a con- sultant for the New Jersey Nets basketball team, the New York City Public School Athletic League, and the Cornell University Athletic Department.

To his colleagues, Dr. Marshall’s incredible success seemed to follow from his keen intellect, limitless energy, and infectious enthusiasm. He was born in Schenectady, New York, on June 16, 1936. He graduated from Cornell University in 1956, excelling academically and athletically in basketball, sailing, skiing, and polo. In 1960, he graduated from the Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine and entered private practice, specializ- ing in thoroughbred horses. His interest in high- performance athletics never waned. It seemed natural that orthopedics would be his field. In 1961 he entered Albany Medical College, receiv- ing his MD degree in 1965. In the shadow of Dr.

Crawford Campbell, he developed an interest in orthopedic research, to which he devoted a major portion of his future career. He won the Student Research Award in 1963 for a paper on osteocar- tilaginous loose bodies. After a surgical internship at Tufts–New England Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, Dr. Marshall came to the Hospital for Special Surgery as a Research Fellow in ortho- pedics. In 1971 he completed the residency program and was named an American Orthopedic Association North American Traveling Fellow.

He remained on the staff of the Hospital for Special Surgery until his death.

Dr. Marshall’s major area of professional inter- est was the knee. His earliest papers in the vet- erinary and human medical literature dealt with articular cartilage and the unstable joint. He saw the anterior cruciate deficient knee as a model for instability and arthritis in the experimental animal and a major clinical problem in human athletes.

His studies concerned the anatomy, repair, and reconstruction of knee ligaments. He had person- ally dissected hundreds of cadaver knees and con- stantly challenged his residents and fellows to test new and old concepts of anatomy and surgery in the laboratory. He was an exacting scientist who presented papers annually at the meetings of the Orthopedic Research Society, strongly believing that sports medicine should rest on the same research and basic-science foundation as other orthopedic specialties. By his teaching of anatomy to undergraduates, he helped to interest many a promising student in an orthopedic career.

As a teacher, he was exceedingly generous with his time and private operative cases. As an author, he was particular that homework be done and credit be given to other workers in the field. Many of his more than 65 scientific papers appeared in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.

In Atlanta, a few days before his death, Dr.

Marshall had his usual several papers on the Academy program, but he also participated in panel discussions as a recognized expert on the anterior cruciate ligament. Many of his papers were yet to be published, but already his work was cited prominently in major textbooks. For many years his concepts regarding cruciate ligament injuries were hardly fashionable or accepted. That he lived less than a decade after completing his residency, yet saw his work rec- ognized, is a testimony to his courage, scholar- ship, and persistent self-criticism in the laboratory and operating room.

John’s enthusiasm and energy extended outside the hospital. He was a fine athlete himself, an avid skier, and an accomplished tennis player and runner. He trained regularly with many of his patient athletes, and could run circles around most of his residents and fellows on the tennis court.

Dr. Marshall was blessed with a devoted family and was survived by his lovely wife Jan and their two children.

Antonius MATHIJSEN

1805–1878

Antonius Mathijsen was born on September 4, 1805, at Budel, a small village in North Brabant, Holland, the son of Dr. Ludovicus Hermanus Mathijsen and Petronella Bogaers. He had seven brothers, of whom three likewise were physi- cians, and two sisters. His father thought that Antonius should become a military surgeon; the young man was first placed in the military hospi- tal at Brussels, later in Maastricht, and finally at the large government hospital at Utrecht. He received his commission in the army on July 14, 1828, and the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University of Giessen in 1837.

In 1831, Dr Mathijsen took part in the 10-day campaign in Belgium, at Ypres and Breda, and was honorably mentioned and decorated. In 1851, while stationed at the garrison in Haarlem, he worked at his plans for a plaster splint that would 220

Who’s Who in Orthopedics