Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma
Yoshinari Ono
1, Ryohei Hattori
1, Momokazu Gotoh
1, Tsuneo Kinukawa
2, Shin Yamada
3, and Osamu Kamihira
4Summary. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has been developed and applied for patients with renal cell carcinoma since 1992. The number of patients under- going laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has explosively increased worldwide in the recent years, and laparoscopy is extended to patients with advanced disease.
It is very important to clarify the present status of laparoscopic radical nephrec- tomy among the treatment modalities for patients with renal cell carcinoma.
Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has a minimally invasive nature as well as long-term cancer control of patients with pT1–3a renal cell carcinoma compa- rable to open surgery. It is technically applicable for N1–2 disease and T3b disease if the tumor thrombus is within the renal vein. Also, it is feasible as cytoreductive surgery for patients with M1 disease. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is a standard treatment modality for T1–3a renal cell carcinoma patients. It is also available for treating patients with N1–2 disease, and for patients with M1 disease as cytoreductive surgery.
Keywords. Renal cell carcinoma, Laparoscopy, Retroperitoneoscopy, Radical nephrectomy
Introduction
There are various treatment modalities for patients with localized renal cell car- cinomas available at the present time. Radical nephrectomy has been the stan- dard therapeutic modality for patients with localized renal cell carcinoma since first being reported by Robson in 1963 [1]. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was first applied for patients with renal cell carcinoma in 1992 [2,3]. It has a
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1
Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
2
Department of Urology, Shakaihoken Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
3
Department of Urology, Okazaki Shimin Hospital, Okazaki, Japan
4