Logica Monadic
a ( MFOIMSO)
solo per
lingnaggi
Coralterisiohe:
D Var . so-o
def
. mmsoftoimiene find
diIN
{
0,1 . ..- in - s}
, done n e'la lung
.della Inga
D. formula
Q pero'
essence :
• it . i ( x
) tie
I• 9, a 92 in pm. x ie' la letters "i "
•
three )
bls)• x cry
D 9. V
92=749
. A-192 )
D
9.
9,=
ill
,Vez
D Ix
(4)
= 'Hehe )
D x -- y
D z
-- X thDirty
D
y -- x - kD costard O
D Pred . ol' successor
y=S(
x) I y=xtLD
Constant
' mum . 1,2, . . -D lastly
G.:
(
nfosgtunghe che
iniziano con " a" ehanno almer
3 "b "NO) n
F
x. . xr , xz( blu
) nblxzlrblxs
) A xetxzI
Axztxz A X. tX3)
in pos. 8 de' "or"
•(x) E in
pm . x de
' "
a
"
BH = in
pm . x ie
' "
b"
b-
.:L
= atbt
"
!
→• •*
bb*
:÷¥¥¥ '
•
(8)
nFl ( last (e)
nble )
n7
✗(
bat ^V. ylycx only
))
ntry /
✗eye l boy ) ) ) )
b- . : ( =
auth
, nzD mom e'possible
ntilitzare
MFOUtilizziamo la
MSO :✗ probkma
Fp /
Plo)
A_VÉ( Pix
) # iplxts)) nltx /
• (✗1)
A Flllostlllnplel ) )
aaaaa c-
L
8 1 23
④
( = a2kt I
Utilize
ionsto
MSO :⇐
Fp (
Plo)
AKr flash ( Pix
) ⇐ > PartsD)
nke lol
✗1)
A Fl ( last 111
nPiel ) )
a • or or a E L
0 1 2 3
④
b- . : L=
let h /
lo)
+ MFODeco ) v
1101
D
F
✗( last 1×1^41×1
✓ an) )
D
th (
e 1×1(
earthvhlxti
)) )
D V-
✗( lk
) a 1×+11)
D
V.
✗that (
e (✗HIV 11×+1
)) )
← mom wannaD
V-
✗(
• 1×1(
e 1×+1)vl(
✗+1)) )
← bene se ooo"
lost
"L =
let h / G)
+Deco ) v
1101
D
F
✗( last 1×1
n@
in vain) )
D
th (
e 1×1(
earth v hlxti)) )
D f
✗( llx
) a 1×+11)
D
V.
✗that Alaska ) (
el✗HIV llxtl
)) )
DV-xtalxlnlosk.tl (
e 1×+1)
v la+111 )
Calcolabilitoi
Tes oh. Church :
I
1. Non ie'
formalisms
permodell
arecolcolo
meccanopin
'
potent delle
TMz .
Ogni algoritmo puñessere codified
com TM(
oformalisms
equiv.)
Sinonimi :
Algo
, TM ,programmer
,procedural
- . .Le MT possono essence
enumerate {
MT} ⇐ IN
Problems :
richest
d.colcololalgontm.co
)di f
: IN → INin
generale parziale ( oppfneins.am
'numerals.li )
Fm
( fin )=pt )
la fun
.éindef
.IN
INF
algo
. 1Mt. prog.) de⇐ f computable
breakable )
(Problem
.coleola
f risdvibile
lcakolabile
)
/ { f
: IN → IN} /
7/ { f.
IN →{
0.1} } I
=
1 PANI /
= z "" '① / INI
=I {
MT} /
IN
Deidiklitoi
IN
→{
0,1}
IN
" "
¥1m )={
01 seriesseriesIs computable Talgo de caledon Is Prob
. dead.bile
⇐ S ricors.no (
deciolible )
y
m c- S
II 's
In ) ={
1 m¢ sI 's cakobob (
⇐Talgo
per I's )
⇐Pre
, semi -deaétbile
S ricorsvamenk enumerable (
semi -dec
.)
tzt 1/2=1
:S ric
. ⇐ sr.enum.rs ' r
. enum .
Corollary :
is nice .
:
see . A - S
're
.> Sr . e. A S ' r - e .
nsr.e.tl 'S
'm
- e .Teo.
di
Rice : f-=
{
tutte lef. computability
=
{ fi lie IN } f. =L
da. cahokiai-esima
P
C- F ooltoinsiemeoff
. comp . TMde
ooololisfoms
monardaproprietor
.s={
✗If
✗ EP}
S ricommwo
(
B. okc .)
⇐(
P=P
n D=F)
Per insane teo. di Rice :
1. Il
problem
ariguonda
MT(
•form
. equiv.) generate
2.
Il problem
arigmarole proprietor
'della fun
.Cahokia
Grove
d- fonnobzzare il problem
. com innformula logica
che
masolo fy
Riduzirone :
Dim. dead. di
problemaoconosawdo
:→
Roope
dec# moto.
>
P2
dee.
mom
loconosco re
calcolab
.✗ c- P
, ⇐ rlx
)EPz
Rishi Ps ( ✗ ) :
y ← r (X) 11 r calc .
ool ←
pisolvipzly
)11 R-sohinpzes.de perdi Pz
dec .return sol
b- . :
R : data una generico gramm. reg . G ,
dire
se ( (G) = Pz :dato
unadama
FSA A , dire ae ((A)
=motto
.re
(G)
: ritornoalgorithmic amate
FSA Acorrisponobnte ILIA
/ =LCall Risohips (
a)
:A ← RIG
) Ps dec
.sol ←
Risohipz (A)
return sol
Rid .
per
indec
. :Pz
sconoociutooospeltoinokc.pe
notINDIE .
→ Pz roospelto
Indec .
Per
asswrdo
, sin Pz olec .Allora
7 Risohipz .Dosso naivete :
Risolnipslx )
:y ← rlx)
Pz inobc
.sol ←
Pisohipz
(y)
return
sod←
assuredob- .
:R=
Problems : stabilise se ungenerico programmer
Aaccede
a war. mom initialized .µ
B.
=Hating
Problem
→ Pz
(ns.toinolec.
)
Risohi
HPLA
: generico programmer)
:RIA )
:A ' ←
HAI
µ A' = { Y=×
A ;; Hvar.
od ←
Roshi KIAM
nomina}
.return ool %
return A'assurdo
Diagonalizes
zone : ohimosha inobc .ragionomob
per assurdo"
Questa Gosei falsa
"↳
Foot
corse dafore
:1 .
Caprine
se ilprob
. e'drums
.(
lapinquod
é l'input help
.)
2 .
Provoke Rice
(
se ai pno'appliance )
3 .
Region
areout problem
or(
Riohvzione , troublealgo
. ,diagonalize
oveione)
G- . : Problems : oapere se una generico
f
: IN → INcalculable
guests f. oodolisfa
:V-
✗( (
✗ sofasts )
1(
✗ 20( ft
) > 37 ✓( fat
-1-1( fat
-100 )) ) ) )
INPUT :
f
→ none'Chimo
Si
puri applicore
Rice .V.
✗ltKAÉHAÉHH→
( ✗IMMA# 181×1>37
VIfat
-1-1( fat
-100 )) ) ) ) f-
✗( ft
) > 37 ✓( fat
=/ 1-( fat
< 100 )) )
CASOI :
flx
) =LV-
✗( ft
) > 37 V T)
= TCASO 2 :
flx
) -1-1V-
✗( fk
) > 37 Vf
1×1<100)
= TP = F =
{ f
✗}
={
tutte lef.
calc.}
Dec . per Rice
Prob
: Sia data ininput
imafun
.cokolobile fy
ai
stabiliser
seDown
,
of fy
= 21N(
insane dei pani)
V.
✗( fylx
-)
-1-1 ⇐Fz /
✗ = Zz) )
-
fun
.def
. in ✗ ✗poi
INPUT :