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Physics
Letters
B
www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb
Search
for
supersymmetry
with
Higgs
boson
to
diphoton
decays
using
the
razor
variables
at
√
s
=
13 TeV
.The CMS Collaboration
CERN,Switzerland
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t ra c t
Articlehistory:
Received1September2017
Receivedinrevisedform14November2017 Accepted1December2017
Availableonline31January2018 Editor: M.Doser
Keywords:
CMS Physics Higgs
An inclusive search for anomalous Higgs boson production in the diphoton decay channel and in association withatleast onejetispresented,usingLHCproton–proton collisiondata collectedbythe CMSexperimentatacenter-of-massenergyof13 TeVandcorrespondingtoanintegratedluminosityof 35.9 fb−1.TherazorvariablesM
RandR2,aswellasthemomentumandmassresolutionofthediphoton
system,areusedtocategorizeeventsintodifferentsearchregions.Thesearchresultisinterpretedinthe context ofstrongand electroweakproductionofsupersymmetricparticles. Weexcludebottom squark pair-production withmassesbelow 450 GeVfor bottomsquarksdecaying toabottomquark,aHiggs boson, and the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) for LSP masses below 250 GeV. For wino-like chargino–neutralinoproduction,weexcludecharginoswithmassbelow170 GeVforLSPmassesbelow 25 GeV.IntheGMSBscenario,weexcludecharginoswithmassbelow205 GeVforneutralinosdecaying toaHiggsbosonandagoldstinoLSPwith100%branchingfraction.
©2018TheAuthor(s).PublishedbyElsevierB.V.ThisisanopenaccessarticleundertheCCBYlicense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).FundedbySCOAP3.
1. Introduction
The discovery of the Higgs boson [1–3], the first fundamen-tal scalar particle ever observed, has opened a newwindow for exploringphysicsnotdescribedbythestandardmodel(SM)of par-ticlephysics.Manymodelsofphysicsbeyondthestandardmodel (BSM) postulate the existence of cascade decays of heavy states involvingHiggsbosons[4,5].Intheminimalsupersymmetric stan-dard model(MSSM)[6],Higgs bosons maybe produced ina va-rietyofways. The bottom squark,the supersymmetricpartner of thebottomquark,producedviathestronginteraction,maydecay to a Higgs boson, quarks, and the lightest supersymmetric par-ticle (LSP). Similarly charginos or neutralinos produced through theelectroweak interaction maydecayto a Higgsboson andthe LSP. Ofparticular interestare scenarios withgauge-mediated su-persymmetrybreaking(GMSB),wherethelightestneutralinomay decaytoaHiggsbosonandthegoldstinoLSP (G)[7,8].Thedecay signaturedependsonwhetherthecharginoandneutralinomixed states are dominated by the wino or higgsino components, the respective supersymmetric partners of the W and Higgs bosons. Diagramsofsimplifiedmodels[9]forthescenariosconsideredare shown inFig. 1. In this paper, we denote the Higgs boson asH toindicatethat itistheparticleobservedbytheATLAS andCMS
E-mailaddress:cms-publication-committee-chair@cern.ch.
experiments.IntheMSSM,thisparticleistypicallyassumedto cor-respond to the lighter ofthe two CP-even Higgs particles andis oftendenotedash.FortheGMSBscenario,weconsidersimplified models where Higgsino-like charginos andneutralinosare nearly mass-degenerateandbothchargino–neutralinoandneutralino-pair production result in very similar final state signatures, and are hereaftercollectivelyreferredtoaschargino–neutralinoproduction inthispaper.TheseexamplesofBSMproductionofHiggsbosons motivate an inclusive search foranomalous Higgsboson produc-tion that is broadlysensitive to a wide rangeof supersymmetric (SUSY)scenarios.Similarsearchesforsupersymmetricparticles de-caying to Higgs bosons have been performed by the ATLAS and CMScollaborationsinthepastusing8 TeVcollisiondataandcan befoundinreferences[10–12].
In thisLetter,we presentan updated search for supersymme-try events with at least one Higgs boson candidate decaying to two photons produced in association with at least one jet pro-ducedin13 TeVproton–protoncollisions.Thedatawerecollected bytheCMS experimentandcorrespondtoan integrated luminos-ityof35.9 fb−1[13].ThediphotondecaymodeoftheHiggsboson providesagoodcompromisebetweenbranchingfractionand back-ground rejection. The transverse momentum of the Higgs boson candidate, the expected mass resolution, and the razor variables MR andR2 [14,15],explained in detail in Section 4, are used to defineeventcategorieswhichgenericallyenhanceBSMsignals rel-ative to SM backgrounds. The potential signal is extracted from
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.12.069
0370-2693/©2018TheAuthor(s).PublishedbyElsevierB.V.ThisisanopenaccessarticleundertheCCBYlicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Fundedby SCOAP3.
Fig. 1. Diagramsdisplayingthesimplifiedmodelsthatarebeingconsidered.Upperleft:bottomsquarkpairproduction;upperright:wino-likechargino–neutralinoproduction; bottom:thetworelevantdecaymodesforhiggsino-likeneutralinopairproductionintheGMSBscenario.
the dominant nonresonant multijet background through a fit to thediphoton mass distribution. The resultsof the search are in-terpretedintermsofsimplifiedmodelsofbottomsquarkpair pro-ductionandchargino–neutralinoproduction.
2. TheCMSdetector,trigger,andeventreconstruction
The central feature of the CMS detector is a superconducting solenoidof 6 m internal diameter, providing a magnetic field of 3.8 T. Within the solenoid volume are a silicon pixel and strip tracker,aleadtungstatecrystalelectromagneticcalorimeter(ECAL), andabrassandscintillatorhadroncalorimeter(HCAL),each com-posed of a barrel and two endcap sections. Extensive forward calorimetrycomplementsthecoverageprovidedbythebarreland endcap detectors. Muons are measured in gas-ionization detec-tors embedded in the magnetsteel flux-return yoke outside the solenoid.AmoredetaileddescriptionoftheCMSdetector,together withadefinition ofthecoordinate systemusedandthe relevant kinematicvariables,canbefoundinRef.[16].
Signaleventcandidates are recordedusing adiphoton trigger, requiringthetransverseenergyoftheleadingandsubleading pho-tonsto belargerthan 30 GeVand18 GeV, respectivelyandtheir invariantmassto belarger than90 GeV.Additionalrequirements onthephotonshower shapeandisolation areimposedto reduce the background rateand improve the signal purity [17]. The ef-ficiencyof the trigger with respect to eventspassing the offline selectionismeasuredtobeabove98%.
Physicsobjectcandidatesarereconstructedusingaglobalevent description based on the CMS particle-flow (PF) algorithm [18], which identifies particles through an optimized combination of informationfrom thevarious detector subsystems. Photon candi-datesareselectedbyimposing“loose”requirementsontheshower shapeintheelectromagneticcalorimeter,theratioofenergy mea-suredin theHCAL tothe energymeasured in the ECAL,andthe isolation in a cone around the directionof the photon momen-tum[19]. The isolation requirementiscorrected forthe effectof multipleprotoncollisions inthesameoradjacentbunchcrossing (pileup)by subtractingthe averageenergyfrom pileupdeposited inthe isolation cone, estimatedby averaging the energydensity
overtheevent.Furthermore,photoncandidatesarerejectedifthey matchanelectroncandidatethatisnotconsistentwithonelegof aconversion.The photonselectionefficiencywas measuredtobe about90%[20]usingtagandprobemethods.Themeasuredenergy of photonsis corrected forclustering and localgeometric effects using an energyregression trainedon Monte Carlo(MC) simula-tion [19]. This regressiongives a significant improvement in the energyresolutionofthephotons(about30%)andprovides an es-timateoftheuncertaintyoftheenergymeasurementthatisused toseparateeventsintohigh- andlow-resolutioncategories.
The reconstructed vertex with the largest value of summed physics-object p2
T is takento be the primary pp interaction ver-tex (PV).The physics objects usedinthiscontext are theobjects returned bya jetfinding algorithm[21,22] appliedtoall charged tracksassociatedwiththevertexunderconsideration,plusthe cor-respondingassociatedmissingtransversemomentum.
ThechargedPFcandidatesassociatedwiththePVandthe neu-tral PF candidates are clustered into jets using the anti-kT algo-rithm [21] with a distance parameter R=0.4, as implemented in the FastJet package [22]. The jet momentum is determined as the vectorial sum of all particle momenta in the jet. Jet en-ergy corrections are derived based on a combination of simula-tion studies, accountingfor the nonlinear detector response and thepresenceofpileup,togetherwithin-situmeasurementsofthe energy balance in dijetand γ+jet eventsusing the methods de-scribed in Ref. [23]. Forthisanalysis, jetswith|η|<3.0 that do not overlap with anyidentified photon are selected by requiring R=(η)2+ (φ)2>0.5 between photonandjet candidates. The combined secondary vertex (CSVv2) tagging algorithm [24] is used to identify jets originating from the hadronization of b quarks. A loose workingpoint ischosen that yields an efficiency above 80% anda mistag rateforlight-flavor jetsthat is approxi-mately10%.Thenegativevectorsumofthereconstructed pTofall PFcandidatesinaneventdefinesthemissingtransverse momen-tum pmiss
T intheevent, anditsmagnitudeisreferred toaspmissT . Eventswithdetector- andbeam-relatednoisethatcanmimicevent topologieswithhighenergyandlarge pmiss
T arefilteredoutbyuse ofdedicatednoisereductionalgorithms[25–27].
3. Eventsimulation
SimulatedeventsamplesareusedtomodeltheSMHiggs back-groundsinthe search regions,andto calculatetheselection effi-cienciesforSUSYsignal models.Samples ofSMHiggs production via gluon fusion,vector boson fusion,associatedproduction with a W or a Z boson, bbH, and ttH are generated using the next-to-leading order (NLO) MadGraph5_amc@nlo v2.2.2 [28] event generator. The Higgs mass is assumed to be 125.0 GeV for the simulatedeventsamplesandiswithin theuncertaintyofthe cur-rentlybest measuredvalue [29].For thegluon fusion production mode, the sample is generated with up to two extra partons to modelinitial-stateradiation(ISR)calculatedatthematrixelement level withNLO accuracy withthe matching schemedescribed in reference[30]. The SUSY signal MC samplesare generated using MadGraph5_amc@nlo at leading order accuracy withup to two extrapartonsinthematrixelementcalculationswiththematching schemedescribedinreference[31].Inbothcases, pythia v8.2[32] is used to model the fragmentation and parton showering with theCUETP8M1tune[33].TheNNPDF3.0LOandNNPDF3.0NLO[34] partondistributionfunctions(PDFs)are usedfortheLOandNLO accuracy generators respectively. The SM Higgs background and bottom squark pair-production signal samples are simulated us-ing a Geant4-based model [35] of the CMS detector, while the chargino–neutralinoandneutralino-pairproductionsignalsamples are simulated with the CMS fastsimulation package [36]. While generally providing an accurate description, the fast simulation doessometimes yieldinaccuratepredictionsofthemissing trans-verse momentum tail. These inaccuracies are accounted for by larger systematic uncertainties for the signal yield prediction in therelevantphasespaceestimatedasthedifferencebetween sig-nal yields predicted using the generator level missingtransverse momentumandthemissingtransverse momentumreconstructed basedonthefastsimulation.Allsimulatedeventsincludethe ef-fectsof pileup andare processed withthe samechain of recon-structionprogramsusedforcollisiondata.
Toimprovethe MadGraph modelingofISR intheSUSYsignal MCsamples,weapplyacorrectionasafunctionofthe multiplic-ity ofISR jetsfor sbottom pair production, andas a function of the transverse momentum (pISRT ) of the chargino–neutralino sys-tem for chargino–neutralino production, derived from studies of tt and Z+jetsevents, respectively. The correction factorsvary be-tween0.92and0.51forISRjet multiplicitybetweenoneandsix, andbetween1.18and0.78forpISRT between125and600 GeV.The correction has a small effect on the signal yields atthe level of about1%. Thefull sizeofthiscorrection istakenasa systematic uncertainty.
TheHiggsproductioncrosssectionsareobtainedfromthe rec-ommendationsoftheLHCYellowReport4oftheLHCHiggsCross SectionWorkingGroup[37].TheSUSYsignalproductioncross sec-tionsarecalculatedtoNLOplus next-to-leadinglogarithmic (NLL) accuracy[38–43],assuming allSUSYparticles otherthanthose in therelevantdiagramtobetooheavytoparticipateinthe interac-tion.TheseNLO+NLLcrosssectionsandtheirassociated uncertain-ties[43]are usedtoderive theexclusionlimitson themassesof SUSYparticles.
4. Eventselectionandsearchcategories
We select events with two photons that satisfy the selection criteriadescribedabove.Bothphotonsmustbeinthebarrelregion oftheelectromagneticcalorimeter,with|η|<1.44,andhavepT> 20 GeV.AtleastoneofthetwophotonsmusthavepT>40 GeV.If multiplephotonpairsareidentified,thepairwiththelargestscalar
sumofthetransversemomentaischosenastheHiggsboson can-didateintheevent.TheHiggsbosoncandidatemassisrequiredto be between103 GeV and160 GeVinordertocoverasufficiently largebackgrounddominatedsidebandregion.
The Higgs boson candidate and any additional identified jets with pT>30 GeV and |η|<3.0 are clustered into two hemi-spheres (megajets)accordingtotheRazormegajetalgorithm[15], whichminimizesthesumofthesquared-invariant-massvaluesof thetwomegajets.Toconverge,thealgorithmrequiresatleastone such identifiedjet intheevent.Next,therazorvariables[14] MR andR2 arecomputedasfollows:
MR≡ (|pj1| + |pj2|)2− (pzj1+pzj2)2, (1) R2≡ MTR MR 2 , (2)
wherep isthemomentumofamegajet,pz isitslongitudinal
com-ponent, and j1 and j2 are usedtolabelthetwo megajets.Inthe definitionofR2,thevariableMR
T isdefinedas: MRT≡ pmiss T (p j1 T +p j2 T )− pTmiss· (p j1 T + p j2 T ) 2 . (3)
The razor variables MR and R2 provide discrimination between SUSY signalmodelsandSM backgroundprocesses withSUSY sig-nals typically having large values of MR and R2, while the SM backgroundexhibitsanexponentiallyfallingspectruminboth vari-ables.
The selected events are separated into four mutually exclu-sive categories. An eventis categorized as“HighPt” if the trans-verse momentum oftheselected Higgsboson candidateis larger than 110 GeV.Otherwise,iftheeventcontains twob-taggedjets whoseinvariantmassisbetween76and106 GeV,orbetween110 and140 GeV,itiscategorizedas“H(γ γ)–HZ(bb)”.Theremaining eventsarecategorizedas“HighRes”and“LowRes”ifthediphoton mass resolution estimate σM/M is smaller or larger than 0.85%,
respectively,where σM iscomputedas:
σM=
1 2
(σEγ1/Eγ1)2+ (σEγ2/Eγ2)2, (4) where Eγ1,2 is the energy ofeach photon and σEγ1,2 isthe es-timated energyresolution foreach photon. Agraphical represen-tation of the categorization procedure is shown in Fig. 2. The “HighPt” category isolates SUSY events producing high-pT Higgs bosons; the “H(γ γ)–HZ(bb)” category isolates SUSY signalsthat producetwoHiggsbosonsoraHiggsbosonandaZbosoninthe finalstate;andtheHighResandLowRescategoriesfurtherimprove thediscrimination betweensignal andbackgroundinthe remain-ing eventsample.The “H(γ γ)–HZ(bb)”categorycombinesevents withtwo Higgsbosons ora Higgsboson anda Zboson inorder to achieve a sufficiently large numberof events in the sideband for the background estimationmethod described inSection 5 to remainunbiased.
Eacheventcategoryisfurtherdividedintobinsinthe MRand R2 variables, whichdefine the exclusivesearch regions. A signifi-cantexcessofevents abovetheSM expectationinoneorseveral bins would provide evidence ofBSM physics. The search regions are chosen based on an optimization procedure that maximizes theexpectedsensitivitytothesimplifiedbottomsquarkpair pro-ductionmodeldiscussedfurtherinSection7,andaresummarized inTable 1.Thebinsinthe MR andR2 variablesarekeptidentical forthe HighResandLowRescategories toallow forsimultaneous signal extraction,since theratio oftheeventyields in thesetwo categoriesdoesnotdependonthedetailsofthesignalmodel.
Table 1
Asummaryofthesearchregionbinsineachcategoryispresented.Thefunctionalformusedtomodelthe non-resonantbackgroundisalsolisted.Anexponentialfunctionoftheforme−amγ γ isdenotedas“single-exp”;alinear combination oftwoindependentexponentialfunctionsoftheform e−amγ γ ande−bmγ γ is denotedas“two-exp”; a modifiedexponentialfunctionoftheforme−amγ γb isdenotedas“mod-exp”;andaBernsteinpolynomialofdegree
n[44]isdenotedby“poly-n”.Thebinlabels9–13areusedforboththeHighResandLowRescategoriesbecausethe datainthesecategoriesarealwaysfittedsimultaneouslywithpotentiallydifferentnonresonantbackgroundmodels used.FurtherdetailsonthesimultaneousfitarediscussedinSection5.
Bin number Category MR(GeV) R2 Nonresonant bkg. model 0 HighPt ≥600 ≥0.025 single-exp 1 HighPt 150–600 ≥0.130 single-exp 2 HighPt ≥1250 0.000–0.025 single-exp 3 HighPt 150–450 0.000–0.130 poly-3 4 HighPt 450–600 0.000–0.035 poly-3 5 HighPt 450–600 0.035–0.130 single-exp 6 HighPt 600–1250 0.000–0.015 two-exp 7 HighPt 600–1250 0.015–0.025 single-exp 8 H(γ γ)–HZ(bb) ≥150 ≥0.0 single-exp 9 HighRes 150–250 0.000–0.175 mod-exp LowRes 150–250 0.000–0.175 poly-3 10 HighRes 150–250 ≥0.175 single-exp LowRes 150–250 ≥0.175 single-exp 11 HighRes ≥250 ≥0.05 single-exp LowRes ≥250 ≥0.05 poly-2 12 HighRes 250–600 0.000–0.05 poly-2 LowRes 250–600 0.000–0.05 mod-exp 13 HighRes ≥600 0.000–0.05 single-exp LowRes ≥600 0.000–0.05 single-exp
Fig. 2. A flowchart showing the event categorization procedure.
5. Backgroundprediction
Therearetwomainclassesofbackgroundeventsthatpassthe search selection criteria: SM Higgs production and nonresonant photon production, with either two promptly produced photons orone promptphotonandonejet thatiswrongly identifiedasa photon.TheSMHiggsbackgroundisestimatedfromtheMC sim-ulation,whilethenonresonantbackgroundpredictionisestimated usingafittothediphotonmassdistributionobservedindata.
Withineach search bin, we extract a potential signal by per-forming an unbinned extended maximum likelihood fit to the diphoton mass spectrum. An example of such a fit is shown in Fig. 3.The nonresonant background is modeled with a decaying functionalformgiveninTable 1foreachindividual searchregion bin. All parameters of the function are unconstrained in the fit. Thefunctionalformofthemodelusedforeach searchregionbin is selected on the basis of its Akaike information criterion (AIC) score [45], which quantifies the trade-off between
goodness-of-Fig. 3. ThediphotonmassdistributioninthesearchregionbinwithMR>600 GeV
andR2>0.025 intheHighPtcategory,alongwiththebackground-onlyfit(top) andthesignal-plus-backgroundfit(bottom).Thereddot-dashedcurverepresents the fittedbackgroundprediction;the greendashed curverepresents thebest-fit signal;andthebluesolidcurverepresentsthesumofthebest-fitsignalandthe background.
fit and model complexity. Each functional form is tested for fit biases with respect to a set of alternative models, all of which
Table 2
Thepredictedyieldsfor anexampleSUSYsignalandtheSMHiggsbosonbackgroundprocessesforeachsearch regionareshownforanintegratedluminositycorrespondingto35.9 fb−1.Thesignalyieldsgivenassumeabottom squarkmassof500 GeVandanLSPmassof1 GeV.ThecontributionsfromeachSMHiggsbosonprocessareshown separately,andthetotalisshownintherightmostcolumn,alongwithitsfulluncertainty.Thebinlabels9–13are usedforboththeHighResandLowRescategoriesastheyarealwaysfittedsimultaneously.
Bin Category Signal yield Expected SM Higgs yield
bb,b→bHχ0 1 ggH ttH VBF H VH bbH Total 0 HighPt 10.2 3.4 1.4 0.49 0.78 0.02 6.1±1.2 1 HighPt 0.2 1.7 0.58 0.18 1.8 0.01 4.3±0.8 2 HighPt 5.7 5.1 0.64 2.5 0.17 0.04 8.5±1.7 3 HighPt 0.2 55 0.96 11 6.3 0.41 74±21 4 HighPt 0.6 17 0.50 4.7 1.1 0.18 23±7 5 HighPt 0.6 3.5 0.61 0.55 0.59 0.04 5.3±1.2 6 HighPt 5.7 19 0.80 7.6 0.82 0.15 29±8 7 HighPt 4.0 5.4 0.46 1.1 0.45 0.02 7.4±2.1 8 H(γ γ)–HZ(bb) 0.9 0.76 1.3 0.12 0.25 0.19 2.6±0.4 9 HighRes 0.0 60 0.24 7.6 4.4 0.89 75±22 LowRes 0.0 30 0.11 3.8 2.3 0.50 36±11 10 HighRes 0.0 1.1 0.12 0.12 0.46 0.02 1.8±0.6 LowRes 0.0 0.44 0.07 0.08 0.27 0.01 0.9±0.2 11 HighRes 0.3 3.0 0.73 0.54 0.55 0.13 5.0±1.4 LowRes 0.1 1.8 0.38 0.29 0.22 0.06 2.7±0.8 12 HighRes 0.1 37 0.66 8.9 1.4 0.83 50±14 LowRes 0.1 21 0.33 4.7 0.79 0.42 26±6 13 HighRes 1.0 5.0 0.50 3.1 0.21 0.21 9.1±2.7 LowRes 0.5 3.3 0.29 1.5 0.13 0.10 5.2±1.5 adequately describe the data in the diphoton mass sideband
re-gion (103–121 GeV and 129–160 GeV). The shape of the Higgs boson resonance from SM Higgs production and from decays of SUSYsignalsismodeledwithadoubleCrystalBallfunction[46,47] withtwoindependenttailparametersthatisfittedtothediphoton massdistribution obtainedfromtheMC simulation.The parame-tersofeach doubleCrystal Ballfunction are heldconstant inthe signalextractionfitprocedure,withtheexceptionoftheparameter controllingthelocationofthepeak,whichisdiscussedfurtherin Section 6below. The normalizationofthe SM Higgsboson back-ground in each bin is predicted from the MC simulation and is constrained to that value in the fit within uncertainties. Forthe HighRes andLowRescategories, bins in the MR andR2 variables arefittedsimultaneously.Foragivensearchbin,therelativeyields in the HighRes and LowRes categories are observed in the sim-ulation tobe largely process independent andare therefore con-strainedaccordingtothesimulationprediction.Basedonthese in-dependentfitsineachsearchbin,weobtainamodel-independent searchresult, whichcan beusedtoevaluatewhethertheyield in anybinexhibitsastatisticallysignificantdeviationfromthe back-groundprediction.
Wealso performa combinedsimultaneous fitusingall ofthe searchbins,totestspecificSUSYsimplifiedmodelsignal hypothe-ses. Inthe combined fit, the yield in each bin forthe SM Higgs backgroundandthesignalmodelundertestareconstrainedtothe MC simulation predictions within uncertainties. These uncertain-tiesare modeled by useof nuisanceparameters that account for various theoretical andinstrumental uncertainties that can affect the SM Higgs boson background and SUSY signal normalization, andareprofiledinthefit.Amoredetaileddiscussionofsystematic uncertaintiescanbefoundbelowinSection6.TheMCsimulation predictionsfortheSMHiggsbosonbackgroundnormalizationare showninTable 2foreachbininthesearchregion.
6. Systematicuncertainties
There are broadly two types of systematic uncertainties. The firstanddominantsystematicuncertaintyisintheshapeand nor-malizationofthe nonresonant background.Thisis propagated by
Table 3
SummaryofsystematicuncertaintiesontheSMHiggs backgroundandsignalyieldpredictions,andthesizeof theireffectonthesignalyield.
Uncertainty source Size (%) Integrated luminosity 2.5 PDFs/renormalization/factorization scales 15–30 Trigger and selection efficiency 3 Jet energy scale 1–5 Photon energy scale 1
σM/M categorization 10–24
b tagging efficiency 4 ISR modeling (signal only) 1 Fastsim pmiss
T modeling (signal only) 1–34
profiling the normalization andshape parameters ofthe nonres-onant background functional form in an unconstrained way.The second andsubdominant type ofsystematicuncertaintyisin the predictionsoftheSMHiggsbackgroundinthevarioussearchbins. Theseshape uncertaintiesare propagatedthroughtheuseof sev-eralindependentnuisanceparameters,whereboththeoreticaland instrumental effects aretaken intoaccount. Thenuisance param-eters are constrainedin the fit using log-normal prior functions, whose width reflects the size of the systematicuncertainty. The independentsystematiceffectsconsideredincludemissing higher-order corrections, PDFs, trigger andselection efficiencies, jet en-ergyscaleuncertainties,btaggingefficiencies,andtheuncertainty intheintegratedluminosity.Theuncertaintyduetojetenergy res-olution uncertainties were also estimatedand were found to be negligible.Thetypicalsizeoftheseeffectsontheexpectedlimitis summarizedinTable 3.Duetoeffects ofpileupandtransparency loss intheECALcrystals,weobservesome simulation mismodel-ingoftheestimatedmassresolution,whichresultsinasystematic uncertainty of 10–24% in the prediction of the SM Higgs back-ground andSUSY signal yields inthe HighRes andLowResevent categories. The systematicuncertaintyinthephoton energyscale isimplementedasaGaussian-distributednuisanceparameterthat shiftstheHiggsbosonmasspeakposition,constrainedinthefitto lie withinapproximately1%ofthenominalHiggsbosonmass ob-served insimulation.Thesystematicuncertaintyforthemodeling
Table 4
Thenonresonantbackgroundyields,SMHiggsbosonbackgroundyields,bestfitsignalyields,and observedlocalsignificanceinunitsofstandarddeviations(σ)areshownforthesignalplus back-groundfitineachsearchregionbin.TheSMHiggsbosonbackgroundyieldsareslightlyaltered withrespecttothepre-fitpredictionsfromTable 2.Theuncertaintiesincludebothstatisticaland systematiccomponents.Thenonresonantbackgroundyieldscorrespondtotheyieldwithinthemass windowbetween122and129 GeVandareintendedtoestimatethebackgroundunderthesignal peak.TheobservedsignificanceforthebinsinHighResandLowRescategoriesareidenticalbecause theyaretheresultofasimultaneousfit.Thesignificanceiscomputedusingtheprofilelikelihood, wherethesignreflectswhetheranexcess(positivesign)ordeficit(negativesign)isobserved.
Bin Category Yields Obs.local significance(σ) Nonresonant bkg SM Higgs Best fit signal
0 HighPt 36±2 6.1±1.0 4.8±6.7 0.7 1 HighPt 37±2 4.3±0.7 −11±6 −1.4 2 HighPt 24±2 8.4±1.6 −5.1±5.3 −0.9 3 HighPt 790±27 74±21 14±41 0.4 4 HighPt 160±15 24±6 10±15 0.6 5 HighPt 34±2 5.2±1.2 12±8 1.6 6 HighPt 127±3 29±5 1.1±7.9 0.1 7 HighPt 40±3 7.4±2.0 −0.3±7.4 −0.0 8 H(γ γ)–HZ(bb) 65±3 2.6±0.4 8±8 1.0 9 HighRes 1792±17 77±24 −9±44 −0.2 LowRes 2108±28 43±17 −4±19 10 HighRes 44±3 1.9±0.6 1±8 0.1 LowRes 68±3 1.0±0.3 0±3 11 HighRes 127±4 5.2±1.4 −8±12 −0.6 LowRes 158±10 3.0±1.2 −4±7 12 HighRes 1066±19 51±16 10±34 0.2 LowRes 1310±14 29±9 5±18 13 HighRes 151±5 9.5±3.1 2±11 0.2 LowRes 193±5 5.8±2.1 1±6
oftheISRforthesignalprocessisalsopropagatedandisbelow1%. Forchargino–neutralinoandneutralino-pairproductionsignal pro-cesses,thefastsimulationwasusedtopredictsignalyieldsandan additionalsystematicuncertaintyispropagatedforinaccuraciesin themodelingofthemissingtransverse momentumtail.This sys-tematicuncertaintyrangesbetween1% and34% dependingonthe searchregionbin.
7.Resultsandinterpretations
Thefitresultsforall searchregionbinsaresummarizedin Ta-ble 4, along with the data yields, fitted background, and signal yields.AnexamplefitresultforthesearchbinwithMR>600 GeV andR2>0.025 intheHighPt categoryisshowninFig. 3.The ob-servedsignalsignificanceineachbinissummarizedinFig. 4forall thesearchregionbins,whicharestatisticallyindependent.Noneof the14binsexhibitsadeviationfromthe backgroundexpectation largerthantwostandarddeviations.
Weinterpret thesearch resultsin termsof limitsonthe pro-ductioncross section timesbranching ratioforsimplified models ofbottomsquarkpair-productionandchargino–neutralino produc-tion.Diagramsof thesesimplifiedmodels areshownin Fig. 1.In thecase ofbottom squark pair production,we consider the sce-nariowherethebottomsquarkdecaystoabottomquark andthe next-to-lightestneutralino(χ0
2),andtheχ20 decaystoaHiggs bo-sonandtheLSP(χ10),andtheproductioncrosssectionsare com-putedatNLOplusnext-to-leading-log(NLL)precisionwithallthe othersparticlesassumedtobe heavyanddecoupled [38–43].We restrictourselvestothescenariowherethemasssplittingbetween theχ0
2 andtheχ10 is130 GeV,slightlyabovethresholdtoproduce an on-shell Higgsboson. In thecase ofchargino–neutralino pro-duction,weconsidertwodifferentscenarios.Inthefirstone,pure wino-like charginos (χ1±) and the next-to-lightest neutralino χ0 2 aremass-degenerateandareproducedtogether,withthechargino decaying to a W boson and the LSP (χ0
1) and the χ20 decaying to a Higgs boson and the LSP (χ0
1). The production cross
sec-Fig. 4. Theobservedsignificanceinunitsofstandarddeviationsisplottedforeach
searchbin.Thesignificanceiscomputedusingtheprofilelikelihood,wherethesign reflectswhetheranexcess(positivesign)ordeficit(negativesign)isobserved.The categoriesthatthebinsbelongtoarelabeledatthebottom.Thebinsinthe High-ResandLowRescategoriesarefittedsimultaneouslyandyieldasinglecombined significance.Theyellowandgreenbandsrepresentthe±1and±2standard devia-tionregions,respectively.(Forinterpretationofthereferencestocolorinthisfigure legend,thereaderisreferredtothewebversionofthisarticle.)
tionsarecomputedatNLOplusnext-to-leading-log(NLL)precision in a limit of mass-degenerate wino χ0
2 and χ1±, light bino χ10, and with all the other sparticles assumed to be heavy and de-coupled[48–50].Inthesecond scenario,we considera GMSB [7, 8]simplifiedmodelwhereHiggsino-likecharginosandneutralinos arenearlymass-degenerateandareproducedinpairsthroughthe followingcombinations:χ0
1χ20,χ10χ1±,χ20χ1±,andχ1±χ1∓.Because of the mass degeneracy, both the χ20 andthe χ1± will decay to
χ0
1 andother low-pT (soft) particles, leading to a signature with aχ0
1 pair.Eachχ10 willsubsequentlydecaytoaHiggsbosonand thegoldstino(G),whichistheLSP,ortoaZbosonandthe gold-stino. We consider the case where the branching fraction ofthe
Fig. 5. Theobserved95%CLupperlimitsonthebottomsquarkpairproductioncross section(top)andwino-likechargino–neutralinoproductioncrosssection(bottom) areshown.Thesolidanddottedblackcontoursrepresenttheobservedexclusion regionandits±1standarddeviations(1σ)oftheirexperimentaland theoretical uncertainties,whiletheanalogous redcontoursrepresenttheexpectedexclusion regionandits1σ band.(Forinterpretationofthereferencestocolorinthisfigure legend,thereaderisreferredtothewebversionofthisarticle.)
χ10→HG decayis 100%,andthecasewhere thebranching frac-tionoftheχ0
1→HG andχ10→ZG decaysareeach50%.Thecross sections for higgsino pair production are computed at NLO plus NLLprecisioninalimitofmass-degeneratehiggsinoχ20,χ1±,and
χ0
1 withall theothersparticlesassumedtobe heavyand decou-pled[48–50].Followingtheconventionofrealmixingmatricesand signedneutralinoorcharginomasses[51],wesetthemassofχ0 1 (χ0
2) to positive (negative) values. The product of the third and fourthelements ofthecorresponding rowsoftheneutralino mix-ing matrix N is +0.5 (−0.5). The elements U12 and V12 ofthe charginomixingmatricesaresetto 1.
FollowingtheCLs procedure[52–54],we usetheprofile likeli-hoodratio test statisticandthe asymptoticformula [55] to eval-uate the 95% confidence level (CL) observed andexpected limits onthesignalproductioncrosssections.Forthebottomsquarkpair production model, the limits are shown on the left of Fig. 5 as a functionofthe bottom squarkmassandthe LSP mass.We
ex-Fig. 6. The observed 95% CL upper limits on the production cross section for
higgsino-like chargino–neutralinoproduction areshown.Thecharginos and neu-tralinos undergoseveralcascadedecays producingeitherHiggsorZ bosons.We presentlimitsinthescenariowherethebranchingfractionoftheχ0
1→HG decay is100%(top)andthescenariowherethebranchingfractionoftheχ0
1→HG and
χ0
1→ZG decaysareeach50%(bottom).Thedottedandsolidblackcurves repre-senttheexpectedandobservedexclusionregion,andthegreenandyellowbands representthe±1and±2standarddeviationregions,respectively.Theredsolidand dottedlinesshowthetheoreticalproductioncrosssectionanditsuncertaintyband. (Forinterpretationofthereferencestocolorinthisfigurelegend,thereaderis re-ferredtothewebversionofthisarticle.)
clude bottom squarks with massesbelow about 450 GeV for all LSPmassesbelow250 GeV.Forthewino-likechargino–neutralino productionsimplifiedmodel,thelimitsare shownontherightof Fig. 5 asa function of thechargino mass andthe LSP mass. We exclude charginomassesbelowabout170 GeVforallLSPmasses below 25 GeV. Forthe higgsino-likechargino–neutralino produc-tionsimplifiedmodels,thelimitsareshowninFig. 6asafunction ofthecharginomassforthecasewherethebranchingfractionof the χ10→HG decayis 100% on theleft, and forthe casewhere the branching fractionofthe χ0
1 →HG andχ10→ZG decays are both50%,ontheright. Weexcludecharginosbelow205 GeVand 130 GeVintheformerandlattercases,respectively.
8. Summary
AsearchforanomalousHiggsbosonproductionthroughdecays ofsupersymmetricparticles isperformedwiththeproton–proton collisiondatacollectedin2016bytheCMSexperimentattheLHC.
Thesample corresponds toan integratedluminosity of35.9 fb−1 at the center-of-mass energy √s=13 TeV. Higgs boson candi-datesare reconstructed frompairsof photonsinthe centralpart ofthe detector. The razorvariables MR andR2 are used to sup-pressStandard Model(SM) Higgsbosonproductionandother SM backgrounds.Thenon-resonantbackgroundisestimatedthrougha fittothediphoton massdistributionindata,whiletheSM Higgs backgroundispredictedusingsimulation.Weinterprettheresults interms of production cross section limits on simplified models ofbottomsquarkpairproductionandchargino–neutralino produc-tion.Weexcludebottomsquarkmassesbelow450 GeVforbottom squarksdecayingtoabottomquark,aHiggsboson,andthe light-estsupersymmetricparticle (LSP)forLSP massesbelow250 GeV andassumingamasssplittingbetweentheχ20andχ10of130 GeV. For wino-like chargino–neutralino production, we improved the search sensitivityby afactor oftwo withrespectto previous re-sults [11] and we exclude charginos with mass below 170 GeV forLSPmassesbelow25 GeV. IntheGMSB scenario,we exclude charginoswithmassbelow205 GeVforneutralinosdecayingtoa HiggsbosonandagoldstinoLSP (G)with100%branchingfraction. Finally,we exclude charginos with mass below 130 GeVfor the casewherethebranchingfractionsoftheχ0
1 →HG andχ10→ZG decaysare50%each.
Acknowledgements
WecongratulateourcolleaguesintheCERNaccelerator depart-ments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technicalandadministrativestaffs atCERN andatother CMS in-stitutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. Inaddition,wegratefullyacknowledgethecomputingcentersand personneloftheWorldwideLHCComputingGridfordeliveringso effectivelythecomputinginfrastructure essential toour analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construc-tionandoperationofthe LHCandtheCMSdetectorprovided by thefollowingfundingagencies:BMWFWandFWF(Austria);FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIEN-CIAS(Colombia);MSESandCSF(Croatia);RPF(Cyprus);SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Fin-land,MEC,andHIP(Finland);CEAandCNRS/IN2P3(France);BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hun-gary);DAEandDST (India);IPM(Iran);SFI(Ireland);INFN (Italy); MSIPandNRF (RepublicofKorea);LAS(Lithuania);MOE andUM (Malaysia); BUAP,CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland);FCT(Portugal);JINR(Dubna);MON,RosAtom,RAS,RFBR andRAEP (Russia);MESTD(Serbia); SEIDI,CPAN,PCTI andFEDER (Spain);SwissFundingAgencies(Switzerland);MST(Taipei); ThEP-Center, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey);NASUandSFFR(Ukraine);STFC (UnitedKingdom);DOE andNSF(USA).
Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie pro-gramandtheEuropeanResearchCouncilandHorizon2020Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foun-dation;the BelgianFederal Science PolicyOffice; the Fonds pour laFormation àla Recherche dansl’Industrie etdans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth andSports(MEYS) of theCzech Republic; the Council ofScience andIndustrial Research,India;the HOMING PLUSprogramofthe Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science
Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/ 02861,Sonata-bis2012/07/E/ST2/01406;theNationalPriorities Re-search Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Clarín-COFUND del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aris-teia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chula-longkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845;andthe WestonHavens Foundation (USA).
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TheCMSCollaboration
A.M. Sirunyan,A. Tumasyan
YerevanPhysicsInstitute,Yerevan,Armenia
W. Adam, F. Ambrogi, E. Asilar,T. Bergauer, J. Brandstetter, E. Brondolin,M. Dragicevic, J. Erö,M. Flechl,
M. Friedl,R. Frühwirth1,V.M. Ghete, J. Grossmann, J. Hrubec, M. Jeitler1, A. König, N. Krammer,
I. Krätschmer,D. Liko, T. Madlener,I. Mikulec, E. Pree, D. Rabady, N. Rad, H. Rohringer, J. Schieck1,
R. Schöfbeck, M. Spanring, D. Spitzbart,J. Strauss, W. Waltenberger,J. Wittmann, C.-E. Wulz1, M. Zarucki
InstitutfürHochenergiephysik,Wien,Austria
V. Chekhovsky, V. Mossolov,J. Suarez Gonzalez
E.A. De Wolf,D. Di Croce, X. Janssen,J. Lauwers, M. Van De Klundert, H. Van Haevermaet,
P. Van Mechelen,N. Van Remortel
UniversiteitAntwerpen,Antwerpen,Belgium
S. Abu Zeid,F. Blekman, J. D’Hondt, I. De Bruyn, J. De Clercq, K. Deroover, G. Flouris, D. Lontkovskyi,
S. Lowette,S. Moortgat, L. Moreels,A. Olbrechts, Q. Python, K. Skovpen, S. Tavernier,W. Van Doninck,
P. Van Mulders,I. Van Parijs
VrijeUniversiteitBrussel,Brussel,Belgium
H. Brun, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, H. Delannoy, G. Fasanella,L. Favart, R. Goldouzian, A. Grebenyuk,
G. Karapostoli,T. Lenzi,J. Luetic, T. Maerschalk, A. Marinov, A. Randle-conde,T. Seva, C. Vander Velde,
P. Vanlaer,D. Vannerom, R. Yonamine,F. Zenoni, F. Zhang2
UniversitéLibredeBruxelles,Bruxelles,Belgium
A. Cimmino,T. Cornelis, D. Dobur,A. Fagot, M. Gul, I. Khvastunov,D. Poyraz, C. Roskas, S. Salva,
M. Tytgat,W. Verbeke, N. Zaganidis
GhentUniversity,Ghent,Belgium
H. Bakhshiansohi,O. Bondu, S. Brochet,G. Bruno, A. Caudron, S. De Visscher, C. Delaere, M. Delcourt,
B. Francois,A. Giammanco, A. Jafari,M. Komm, G. Krintiras, V. Lemaitre,A. Magitteri, A. Mertens,
M. Musich, K. Piotrzkowski,L. Quertenmont,M. Vidal Marono, S. Wertz
UniversitéCatholiquedeLouvain,Louvain-la-Neuve,Belgium N. Beliy
UniversitédeMons,Mons,Belgium
W.L. Aldá Júnior, F.L. Alves,G.A. Alves,L. Brito, M. Correa Martins Junior,C. Hensel, A. Moraes,M.E. Pol,
P. Rebello Teles
CentroBrasileirodePesquisasFisicas,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil
E. Belchior Batista Das Chagas, W. Carvalho,J. Chinellato3, A. Custódio, E.M. Da Costa, G.G. Da Silveira4,
D. De Jesus Damiao,S. Fonseca De Souza, L.M. Huertas Guativa, H. Malbouisson, M. Melo De Almeida,
C. Mora Herrera,L. Mundim,H. Nogima, A. Santoro, A. Sznajder,E.J. Tonelli Manganote3,
F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo,A. Vilela Pereira
UniversidadedoEstadodoRiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil
S. Ahujaa,C.A. Bernardesa, T.R. Fernandez Perez Tomeia,E.M. Gregoresb,P.G. Mercadanteb,
S.F. Novaesa, Sandra S. Padulaa,D. Romero Abadb,J.C. Ruiz Vargasa
aUniversidadeEstadualPaulista,SãoPaulo,Brazil bUniversidadeFederaldoABC,SãoPaulo,Brazil
A. Aleksandrov, R. Hadjiiska,P. Iaydjiev, M. Misheva, M. Rodozov,M. Shopova, S. Stoykova, G. Sultanov
InstituteforNuclearResearchandNuclearEnergyofBulgariaAcademyofSciences,Bulgaria
A. Dimitrov,I. Glushkov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov,P. Petkov
UniversityofSofia,Sofia,Bulgaria
W. Fang5, X. Gao5
M. Ahmad, J.G. Bian, G.M. Chen, H.S. Chen,M. Chen, Y. Chen, C.H. Jiang, D. Leggat, H. Liao,Z. Liu,
F. Romeo,S.M. Shaheen, A. Spiezia, J. Tao, C. Wang,Z. Wang, E. Yazgan, H. Zhang, J. Zhao
InstituteofHighEnergyPhysics,Beijing,China
Y. Ban, G. Chen, Q. Li, S. Liu,Y. Mao, S.J. Qian, D. Wang,Z. Xu
StateKeyLaboratoryofNuclearPhysicsandTechnology,PekingUniversity,Beijing,China
C. Avila,A. Cabrera, L.F. Chaparro Sierra, C. Florez, C.F. González Hernández,J.D. Ruiz Alvarez
UniversidaddeLosAndes,Bogota,Colombia
B. Courbon, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas,I. Puljak, P.M. Ribeiro Cipriano, T. Sculac
UniversityofSplit,FacultyofElectricalEngineering,MechanicalEngineeringandNavalArchitecture,Split,Croatia
Z. Antunovic, M. Kovac
UniversityofSplit,FacultyofScience,Split,Croatia
V. Brigljevic,D. Ferencek, K. Kadija,B. Mesic, A. Starodumov6, T. Susa
InstituteRudjerBoskovic,Zagreb,Croatia
M.W. Ather,A. Attikis, G. Mavromanolakis, J. Mousa,C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos, P.A. Razis, H. Rykaczewski
UniversityofCyprus,Nicosia,Cyprus
M. Finger7, M. Finger Jr.7
CharlesUniversity,Prague,CzechRepublic E. Carrera Jarrin
UniversidadSanFranciscodeQuito,Quito,Ecuador
A.A. Abdelalim8,9, Y. Mohammed10, E. Salama11,12
AcademyofScientificResearchandTechnologyoftheArabRepublicofEgypt,EgyptianNetworkofHighEnergyPhysics,Cairo,Egypt
R.K. Dewanjee, M. Kadastik, L. Perrini, M. Raidal, A. Tiko, C. Veelken
NationalInstituteofChemicalPhysicsandBiophysics,Tallinn,Estonia
P. Eerola, J. Pekkanen,M. Voutilainen
DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,Finland
J. Härkönen,T. Järvinen, V. Karimäki, R. Kinnunen, T. Lampén,K. Lassila-Perini, S. Lehti, T. Lindén,
P. Luukka, E. Tuominen, J. Tuominiemi,E. Tuovinen
HelsinkiInstituteofPhysics,Helsinki,Finland
J. Talvitie, T. Tuuva
LappeenrantaUniversityofTechnology,Lappeenranta,Finland
M. Besancon, F. Couderc,M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, J.L. Faure, F. Ferri, S. Ganjour, S. Ghosh, A. Givernaud,
P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, P. Jarry,I. Kucher, E. Locci, M. Machet, J. Malcles,G. Negro, J. Rander,
A. Rosowsky, M.Ö. Sahin,M. Titov
IRFU,CEA,UniversitéParis-Saclay,Gif-sur-Yvette,France
A. Abdulsalam, I. Antropov, S. Baffioni, F. Beaudette, P. Busson, L. Cadamuro, C. Charlot,
G. Ortona,P. Paganini, P. Pigard,S. Regnard, R. Salerno, J.B. Sauvan, Y. Sirois, A.G. Stahl Leiton, T. Strebler,
Y. Yilmaz,A. Zabi, A. Zghiche
LaboratoireLeprince-Ringuet,Ecolepolytechnique,CNRS/IN2P3,UniversitéParis-Saclay,Palaiseau,France
J.-L. Agram13,J. Andrea, D. Bloch,J.-M. Brom, M. Buttignol,E.C. Chabert, N. Chanon, C. Collard,
E. Conte13,X. Coubez, J.-C. Fontaine13, D. Gelé, U. Goerlach,M. Jansová, A.-C. Le Bihan, N. Tonon,
P. Van Hove
UniversitédeStrasbourg,CNRS,IPHCUMR7178,F-67000Strasbourg,France S. Gadrat
CentredeCalculdel’InstitutNationaldePhysiqueNucleaireetdePhysiquedesParticules,CNRS/IN2P3,Villeurbanne,France
S. Beauceron,C. Bernet, G. Boudoul,R. Chierici, D. Contardo, P. Depasse,H. El Mamouni, J. Fay, L. Finco,
S. Gascon,M. Gouzevitch, G. Grenier, B. Ille, F. Lagarde, I.B. Laktineh, M. Lethuillier,L. Mirabito,
A.L. Pequegnot, S. Perries,A. Popov14,V. Sordini, M. Vander Donckt, S. Viret
UniversitédeLyon,UniversitéClaudeBernardLyon1,CNRS-IN2P3,InstitutdePhysiqueNucléairedeLyon,Villeurbanne,France
A. Khvedelidze7
GeorgianTechnicalUniversity,Tbilisi,Georgia
Z. Tsamalaidze7
TbilisiStateUniversity,Tbilisi,Georgia
C. Autermann,S. Beranek, L. Feld, M.K. Kiesel, K. Klein, M. Lipinski, M. Preuten,C. Schomakers, J. Schulz,
T. Verlage
RWTHAachenUniversity,I.PhysikalischesInstitut,Aachen,Germany
A. Albert, E. Dietz-Laursonn,D. Duchardt, M. Endres, M. Erdmann,S. Erdweg, T. Esch, R. Fischer, A. Güth,
M. Hamer,T. Hebbeker,C. Heidemann, K. Hoepfner, S. Knutzen,M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer,P. Millet,
S. Mukherjee,M. Olschewski, K. Padeken,T. Pook, M. Radziej, H. Reithler,M. Rieger, F. Scheuch,
D. Teyssier,S. Thüer
RWTHAachenUniversity,III.PhysikalischesInstitutA,Aachen,Germany
G. Flügge,B. Kargoll, T. Kress,A. Künsken, J. Lingemann, T. Müller, A. Nehrkorn, A. Nowack,C. Pistone,
O. Pooth,A. Stahl15
RWTHAachenUniversity,III.PhysikalischesInstitutB,Aachen,Germany
M. Aldaya Martin,T. Arndt, C. Asawatangtrakuldee, K. Beernaert,O. Behnke, U. Behrens,
A. Bermúdez Martínez, A.A. Bin Anuar, K. Borras16,V. Botta, A. Campbell,P. Connor,
C. Contreras-Campana, F. Costanza, C. Diez Pardos,G. Eckerlin, D. Eckstein, T. Eichhorn, E. Eren,
E. Gallo17, J. Garay Garcia, A. Geiser, A. Gizhko, J.M. Grados Luyando, A. Grohsjean, P. Gunnellini,
A. Harb,J. Hauk, M. Hempel18, H. Jung,A. Kalogeropoulos, M. Kasemann,J. Keaveney, C. Kleinwort,
I. Korol,D. Krücker, W. Lange, A. Lelek,T. Lenz, J. Leonard, K. Lipka,W. Lohmann18, R. Mankel,
I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann,A.B. Meyer, G. Mittag, J. Mnich, A. Mussgiller, E. Ntomari, D. Pitzl,R. Placakyte,
A. Raspereza,B. Roland, M. Savitskyi,P. Saxena, R. Shevchenko,S. Spannagel, N. Stefaniuk,
G.P. Van Onsem,R. Walsh, Y. Wen,K. Wichmann, C. Wissing, O. Zenaiev
DeutschesElektronen-Synchrotron,Hamburg,Germany
S. Bein,V. Blobel, M. Centis Vignali, T. Dreyer, E. Garutti, D. Gonzalez, J. Haller, A. Hinzmann,
M. Hoffmann,A. Karavdina, R. Klanner, R. Kogler,N. Kovalchuk, S. Kurz, T. Lapsien, I. Marchesini,
P. Schleper, A. Schmidt, S. Schumann,J. Schwandt, J. Sonneveld,H. Stadie,G. Steinbrück, F.M. Stober,
M. Stöver, H. Tholen, D. Troendle,E. Usai, L. Vanelderen,A. Vanhoefer, B. Vormwald
UniversityofHamburg,Hamburg,Germany
M. Akbiyik, C. Barth,S. Baur, E. Butz, R. Caspart, T. Chwalek, F. Colombo, W. De Boer,A. Dierlamm,
B. Freund, R. Friese,M. Giffels, A. Gilbert, D. Haitz,F. Hartmann15,S.M. Heindl, U. Husemann, F. Kassel15,
S. Kudella, H. Mildner, M.U. Mozer,Th. Müller, M. Plagge, G. Quast, K. Rabbertz, M. Schröder,I. Shvetsov,
G. Sieber, H.J. Simonis,R. Ulrich, S. Wayand, M. Weber, T. Weiler, S. Williamson,C. Wöhrmann, R. Wolf
InstitutfürExperimentelleKernphysik,Karlsruhe,Germany
G. Anagnostou, G. Daskalakis,T. Geralis,V.A. Giakoumopoulou, A. Kyriakis, D. Loukas, I. Topsis-Giotis
InstituteofNuclearandParticlePhysics(INPP),NCSRDemokritos,AghiaParaskevi,Greece
S. Kesisoglou, A. Panagiotou, N. Saoulidou
NationalandKapodistrianUniversityofAthens,Athens,Greece
I. Evangelou, C. Foudas,P. Kokkas, S. Mallios, N. Manthos, I. Papadopoulos,E. Paradas, J. Strologas,
F.A. Triantis
UniversityofIoánnina,Ioánnina,Greece
M. Csanad, N. Filipovic,G. Pasztor
MTA-ELTELendületCMSParticleandNuclearPhysicsGroup,EötvösLorándUniversity,Budapest,Hungary
G. Bencze,C. Hajdu, D. Horvath19,Á. Hunyadi, F. Sikler,V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi20,A.J. Zsigmond
WignerResearchCentreforPhysics,Budapest,Hungary
N. Beni, S. Czellar, J. Karancsi21,A. Makovec, J. Molnar,Z. Szillasi
InstituteofNuclearResearchATOMKI,Debrecen,Hungary
M. Bartók20,P. Raics, Z.L. Trocsanyi, B. Ujvari
InstituteofPhysics,UniversityofDebrecen,Debrecen,Hungary
S. Choudhury, J.R. Komaragiri
IndianInstituteofScience(IISc),Bangalore,India
S. Bahinipati22, S. Bhowmik, P. Mal, K. Mandal, A. Nayak23, D.K. Sahoo22, N. Sahoo, S.K. Swain
NationalInstituteofScienceEducationandResearch,Bhubaneswar,India
S. Bansal, S.B. Beri,V. Bhatnagar, U. Bhawandeep, R. Chawla, N. Dhingra, A.K. Kalsi, A. Kaur, M. Kaur,
R. Kumar,P. Kumari, A. Mehta, J.B. Singh, G. Walia
PanjabUniversity,Chandigarh,India
Ashok Kumar, Aashaq Shah, A. Bhardwaj,S. Chauhan,B.C. Choudhary, R.B. Garg, S. Keshri,A. Kumar,
S. Malhotra, M. Naimuddin,K. Ranjan, R. Sharma, V. Sharma
UniversityofDelhi,Delhi,India
R. Bhardwaj,R. Bhattacharya,S. Bhattacharya, S. Dey,S. Dutt, S. Dutta, S. Ghosh,N. Majumdar, A. Modak,
K. Mondal, S. Mukhopadhyay, S. Nandan, A. Purohit,A. Roy, D. Roy, S. Roy Chowdhury, S. Sarkar,
M. Sharan, S. Thakur
P.K. Behera
IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras,Madras,India
R. Chudasama,D. Dutta, V. Jha, V. Kumar, A.K. Mohanty15, P.K. Netrakanti,L.M. Pant, P. Shukla,A. Topkar
BhabhaAtomicResearchCentre,Mumbai,India
T. Aziz,S. Dugad, B. Mahakud, S. Mitra, G.B. Mohanty, N. Sur, B. Sutar
TataInstituteofFundamentalResearch-A,Mumbai,India
S. Banerjee, S. Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee,P. Das, M. Guchait,Sa. Jain, S. Kumar, M. Maity24,
G. Majumder,K. Mazumdar, T. Sarkar24, N. Wickramage25
TataInstituteofFundamentalResearch-B,Mumbai,India
S. Chauhan,S. Dube, V. Hegde, A. Kapoor, K. Kothekar, S. Pandey, A. Rane, S. Sharma
IndianInstituteofScienceEducationandResearch(IISER),Pune,India
S. Chenarani26, E. Eskandari Tadavani,S.M. Etesami26, M. Khakzad, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi,
M. Naseri, S. Paktinat Mehdiabadi27,F. Rezaei Hosseinabadi, B. Safarzadeh28,M. Zeinali
InstituteforResearchinFundamentalSciences(IPM),Tehran,Iran
M. Felcini,M. Grunewald
UniversityCollegeDublin,Dublin,Ireland
M. Abbresciaa,b, C. Calabriaa,b, C. Caputoa,b, A. Colaleoa,D. Creanzaa,c, L. Cristellaa,b,N. De Filippisa,c,
M. De Palmaa,b, F. Erricoa,b,L. Fiorea,G. Iasellia,c,S. Lezkia,b, G. Maggia,c, M. Maggia,G. Minielloa,b,
S. Mya,b, S. Nuzzoa,b, A. Pompilia,b,G. Pugliesea,c,R. Radognaa,b,A. Ranieria,G. Selvaggia,b,
A. Sharmaa, L. Silvestrisa,15,R. Vendittia,P. Verwilligena
aINFNSezionediBari,Bari,Italy bUniversitàdiBari,Bari,Italy cPolitecnicodiBari,Bari,Italy
G. Abbiendia,C. Battilanaa,b,D. Bonacorsia,b, S. Braibant-Giacomellia,b, R. Campaninia,b,P. Capiluppia,b,
A. Castroa,b,F.R. Cavalloa,S.S. Chhibraa, G. Codispotia,b, M. Cuffiania,b,G.M. Dallavallea, F. Fabbria,
A. Fanfania,b, D. Fasanellaa,b, P. Giacomellia,C. Grandia, L. Guiduccia,b,S. Marcellinia,G. Masettia,
A. Montanaria, F.L. Navarriaa,b,A. Perrottaa, A.M. Rossia,b,T. Rovellia,b, G.P. Sirolia,b,N. Tosia
aINFNSezionediBologna,Bologna,Italy bUniversitàdiBologna,Bologna,Italy
S. Albergoa,b, S. Costaa,b, A. Di Mattiaa,F. Giordanoa,b, R. Potenzaa,b,A. Tricomia,b, C. Tuvea,b
aINFNSezionediCatania,Catania,Italy bUniversitàdiCatania,Catania,Italy
G. Barbaglia,K. Chatterjeea,b,V. Ciullia,b,C. Civininia,R. D’Alessandroa,b, E. Focardia,b, P. Lenzia,b,
M. Meschinia, S. Paolettia,L. Russoa,29,G. Sguazzonia,D. Stroma,L. Viliania,b,15
aINFNSezionediFirenze,Firenze,Italy bUniversitàdiFirenze,Firenze,Italy
L. Benussi,S. Bianco, F. Fabbri, D. Piccolo,F. Primavera15
INFNLaboratoriNazionalidiFrascati,Frascati,Italy
V. Calvellia,b, F. Ferroa, E. Robuttia,S. Tosia,b
aINFNSezionediGenova,Genova,Italy bUniversitàdiGenova,Genova,Italy
L. Brianzaa,b, F. Brivioa,b, V. Cirioloa,b, M.E. Dinardoa,b,S. Fiorendia,b, S. Gennaia, A. Ghezzia,b,
P. Govonia,b,M. Malbertia,b, S. Malvezzia, R.A. Manzonia,b,D. Menascea,L. Moronia,M. Paganonia,b,
K. Pauwelsa,b,D. Pedrinia, S. Pigazzinia,b,30, S. Ragazzia,b, T. Tabarelli de Fatisa,b
aINFNSezionediMilano-Bicocca,Milano,Italy bUniversitàdiMilano-Bicocca,Milano,Italy
S. Buontempoa, N. Cavalloa,c, S. Di Guidaa,d,15, F. Fabozzia,c,F. Fiengaa,b, A.O.M. Iorioa,b, W.A. Khana,
L. Listaa,S. Meolaa,d,15,P. Paoluccia,15,C. Sciaccaa,b,F. Thyssena
aINFNSezionediNapoli,Napoli,Italy bUniversitàdiNapoli‘FedericoII’,Napoli,Italy cUniversitàdellaBasilicata,Potenza,Italy dUniversitàG.Marconi,Roma,Italy
P. Azzia,15, N. Bacchettaa, L. Benatoa,b,A. Bolettia,b,A. Carvalho Antunes De Oliveiraa,b,P. Checchiaa,
M. Dall’Ossoa,b,P. De Castro Manzanoa, T. Dorigoa,U. Dossellia,F. Gasparinia,b,U. Gasparinia,b,
A. Gozzelinoa, S. Lacapraraa,P. Lujan,M. Margonia,b,A.T. Meneguzzoa,b,N. Pozzobona,b,P. Ronchesea,b,
R. Rossina,b, F. Simonettoa,b,E. Torassaa, S. Venturaa,M. Zanettia,b, P. Zottoa,b, G. Zumerlea,b
aINFNSezionediPadova,Padova,Italy bUniversitàdiPadova,Padova,Italy cUniversitàdiTrento,Trento,Italy
A. Braghieria,F. Fallavollitaa,b, A. Magnania,b, P. Montagnaa,b,S.P. Rattia,b, V. Rea, M. Ressegotti,
C. Riccardia,b,P. Salvinia,I. Vaia,b, P. Vituloa,b
aINFNSezionediPavia,Pavia,Italy bUniversitàdiPavia,Pavia,Italy
L. Alunni Solestizia,b,M. Biasinia,b, G.M. Bileia,C. Cecchia,b, D. Ciangottinia,b,L. Fanòa,b, P. Laricciaa,b,
R. Leonardia,b,E. Manonia,G. Mantovania,b,V. Mariania,b, M. Menichellia, A. Rossia,b,A. Santocchiaa,b,
D. Spigaa
aINFNSezionediPerugia,Perugia,Italy bUniversitàdiPerugia,Perugia,Italy
K. Androsova,P. Azzurria,15,G. Bagliesia,J. Bernardinia,T. Boccalia,L. Borrello, R. Castaldia,
M.A. Cioccia,b, R. Dell’Orsoa,G. Fedia, L. Gianninia,c, A. Giassia, M.T. Grippoa,29,F. Ligabuea,c,
T. Lomtadzea, E. Mancaa,c,G. Mandorlia,c,L. Martinia,b, A. Messineoa,b, F. Pallaa,A. Rizzia,b,
A. Savoy-Navarroa,31, P. Spagnoloa, R. Tenchinia,G. Tonellia,b, A. Venturia,P.G. Verdinia
aINFNSezionediPisa,Pisa,Italy bUniversitàdiPisa,Pisa,Italy
cScuolaNormaleSuperiorediPisa,Pisa,Italy
L. Baronea,b,F. Cavallaria, M. Cipriania,b,N. Dacia, D. Del Rea,b,15, M. Diemoza,S. Gellia,b, E. Longoa,b,
F. Margarolia,b,B. Marzocchia,b, P. Meridiania,G. Organtinia,b,R. Paramattia,b,F. Preiatoa,b,
S. Rahatloua,b,C. Rovellia,F. Santanastasioa,b
aINFNSezionediRoma,Rome,Italy bSapienzaUniversitàdiRoma,Rome,Italy
N. Amapanea,b, R. Arcidiaconoa,c,S. Argiroa,b,M. Arneodoa,c,N. Bartosika,R. Bellana,b, C. Biinoa,
N. Cartigliaa, F. Cennaa,b,M. Costaa,b, R. Covarellia,b,A. Deganoa,b,N. Demariaa, B. Kiania,b,
C. Mariottia, S. Masellia, E. Migliorea,b,V. Monacoa,b,E. Monteila,b,M. Montenoa, M.M. Obertinoa,b,
L. Pachera,b, N. Pastronea,M. Pelliccionia,G.L. Pinna Angionia,b,F. Raveraa,b, A. Romeroa,b,M. Ruspaa,c,
R. Sacchia,b, K. Shchelinaa,b, V. Solaa, A. Solanoa,b,A. Staianoa, P. Traczyka,b
aINFNSezionediTorino,Torino,Italy bUniversitàdiTorino,Torino,Italy
S. Belfortea,M. Casarsaa, F. Cossuttia,G. Della Riccaa,b, A. Zanettia
aINFNSezionediTrieste,Trieste,Italy bUniversitàdiTrieste,Trieste,Italy
D.H. Kim,G.N. Kim, M.S. Kim, J. Lee,S. Lee, S.W. Lee, C.S. Moon, Y.D. Oh, S. Sekmen,D.C. Son,Y.C. Yang
KyungpookNationalUniversity,Daegu,RepublicofKorea A. Lee
ChonbukNationalUniversity,Jeonju,RepublicofKorea
H. Kim,D.H. Moon,G. Oh
ChonnamNationalUniversity,InstituteforUniverseandElementaryParticles,Kwangju,RepublicofKorea
J.A. Brochero Cifuentes,J. Goh, T.J. Kim
HanyangUniversity,Seoul,RepublicofKorea
S. Cho,S. Choi, Y. Go,D. Gyun, S. Ha,B. Hong, Y. Jo, Y. Kim, K. Lee,K.S. Lee,S. Lee,J. Lim, S.K. Park, Y. Roh
KoreaUniversity,Seoul,RepublicofKorea
J. Almond,J. Kim, J.S. Kim, H. Lee,K. Lee, K. Nam,S.B. Oh, B.C. Radburn-Smith, S.h. Seo, U.K. Yang,
H.D. Yoo,G.B. Yu
SeoulNationalUniversity,Seoul,RepublicofKorea
M. Choi,H. Kim, J.H. Kim, J.S.H. Lee, I.C. Park, G. Ryu
UniversityofSeoul,Seoul,RepublicofKorea
Y. Choi,C. Hwang, J. Lee,I. Yu
SungkyunkwanUniversity,Suwon,RepublicofKorea
V. Dudenas, A. Juodagalvis,J. Vaitkus
VilniusUniversity,Vilnius,Lithuania
I. Ahmed,Z.A. Ibrahim, M.A.B. Md Ali32,F. Mohamad Idris33,W.A.T. Wan Abdullah, M.N. Yusli,
Z. Zolkapli
NationalCentreforParticlePhysics,UniversitiMalaya,KualaLumpur,Malaysia
H. Castilla-Valdez,E. De La Cruz-Burelo, C. Duran,I. Heredia-De La Cruz34,R. Lopez-Fernandez,
J. Mejia Guisao,R.I. Rabadán Trejo, G. Ramirez Sanchez,R. Reyes-Almanza,A. Sanchez-Hernandez
CentrodeInvestigacionydeEstudiosAvanzadosdelIPN,MexicoCity,Mexico
S. Carrillo Moreno, C. Oropeza Barrera, F. Vazquez Valencia
UniversidadIberoamericana,MexicoCity,Mexico
I. Pedraza, H.A. Salazar Ibarguen, C. Uribe Estrada
BenemeritaUniversidadAutonomadePuebla,Puebla,Mexico A. Morelos Pineda
UniversidadAutónomadeSanLuisPotosí,SanLuisPotosí,Mexico D. Krofcheck