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The American Ceramic Society assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by the contributors t o its publications or by the speakers at its programs.
Each issue of Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, ISSN 0 196-62 19, includes a collection of technical articles in a general area of interest.These articles are of practical value for the ceramic industries and the general public.The issues are based on the proceedings o f a conference. Both American Ceramic Society and non-Society conferences provide these technical articles. Each issue is organized by an editor who selects and edits material from the conference proceedings.The opinions expressed are entirely those o f the presentors.There is no other review prior t o publication.
Materials
&
Equipment and
W
h
itewares
A
Collection of PapersPresented at the I02nd Annual Meeting of The American Ceramic Society William
M.
Carty Editor April 29-May 3,200 I St. Louis, Missouri Published byThe American Ceramic Society
735 Ceramic Place Westerville, OH 4308 I
0 200 I The American Ceramic Society
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Cover photo, from W. M. Carty, "Colloidal Nature of Kaolinite," American Ceramic Society
Contents
Whitewares and Materials & Equipment Divisions
I02nd Annual Meeting
of
The American Ceramic Society
Foreword
...
ixKaolin and Ball Clay Processing for Ceramic Utilization
...
.I Haydn H MurrayQuality Control in Mining and Processing Ball Clays
...
.3Jason T McCuistion
Geological Evaluation of a Commercial Ball Clay Deposit
....
.5
Caroline Echlin
A
Comparison of Freshly Ground Crystalline Quartzand Naturally Occurring Crystalline Quartz in Ball Clays
....
.I9Hasan Gocmez and Richard Haber
Identification and Characterization of Clays Using Specific Michele Hluchy
X-Ray Diffraction and Computer Modeling
...
.27The Defect Structure of Kaolinite
...
.29The Colloidal Nature of Kaolinite
...
.3 IWilliam
M
CartyThe Surface Thermodynamic Properties of Clay Minerals
....
.33R F Gtese Jr
Update on
NORM
Regulations in the United StatesC
T SimmonsEffects of Nucleation and Crystallization on the Physical
R F
Giese Jrand Europe
...
.35Properties of Gypsum Molds
...
.37Are Swell)
...
.39Qingxta Liu Jeff Grussing, and Kevin Moyer
Clay with Character (Feldspars Are Funky, but Smectites Peter A Ciullo
A
Review of Alumina Production, Characterization, and Use..
.59
Jennifer C. Southern
Basic Geology and Chemistry of Borate
...
.61
Robert A. Smith
Arkansas Nepheline Syenite as an Alternative Economic
Fluxing Agent in Ceramic Formulations
...
.77
Using Surface Area To Solve an Inappropriate Nikolas Ninos and William M. Carty
Overview of Dispersants and Ionic Strength Effects in K. Rossington and W. Carty
Effect of Soluble
Ions
on the Rheological Stability of S. Balkwill and A. Kenneth BougherMixing Problem
...
.79
Whiteware Suspensions
...
.87
Clay Slurries
...
.89
Cecilia A. Paredes and Richard A. Haber
The Effects of Alkali Metal Cations on Kaolin Rheology
...
.97
Mixed Ion Effects on Clay-Based Suspension Rheology
...
II 3
Mark
D.
Noirot and William M. Cartyi? Kupinski and W Carty
Dissolution of Clays in an Aqueous Medium
...
. I
I 9
Effect of Aging on Rheology of Ball Clay Suspensions
Properties of Bone China Body Pattarin Sillapachai and William M. Carty
...
.I27
TTonthai and R.A. Haber
The Effect of Bone Ash Washing on the Viscoelastic
...
I29
S. Cheng and R.A. Haber
Rheological Evaluation of Fine Particulate Ceramic Pastes
..
.I31
Impedance Spectroscopy: An In-Situ Probe for FA. Mazzeo and R.A. Haber
Characterizing Whiteware Bodies
...
I33
E.M. Stumpf and D.D. Edwards
Round-Robin Tests for Determining Surface Area Reliability
. .
I43
M. Dempsey, N. Ninos, and W.M. Carty
Thermal Transformations in Kaolinite Clay Minerals
...
.I49
Caspar J. McConville
Development of Fast Firing Schedules for Porcelains from David I. Seymour; ScottT Misture, and William M. Carty
Melting Behavior in the Wollastonite-Feldspar-Quartz
the Study of Mullite Formations in Porcelains
...
I 6 ISystem
...
I67
Optimizing of Glaze Properties
Propagation in Porcelain Stoneware Tiles
Woody Ceramics: Glazed and Colored
...
.20 IHyperfine Technique (PAC) and Rietveld Refinement
...
.203Whiteware Slurries
...
,205 Thomas Kronberg and Kaj Froberg...
.I79
Thomas Kronberg, Leena Hupa, and Kaj Froberg
Micromechanics Principles Applied to Fracture
...
I 9
I C. Leonelli, F. Bondioli, F? Veronesi, V. Cannillo, M. Romagnoli, andT. Manfredini
K.
Miyatani, I. Okutani,T. Nishikawa, andT. TanakaCharacterization of Pr-Doped Zircon by Comparing F. Bondioli, A.M. Ferrari,T Manfredini, M.C. Caracoche, and L. Robio-Puzzo Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Deflocculant Additives for F. Andreola, G.C. Pellacani, and M. Romagnoli
Preface
This issue of Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings contains sev- eral of the papers presented in the Whitewares and Materials & Equipment division sessions at the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society, St. Louis, Missouri, April 29-May 3, 2000.
This year represented a new beginning for the division from several per- spectives. After considerable debate and discussion, the Whitewares and Materials & Equipment divisions were merged into the Whitewares &
Materials division. The fall division meeting was cancelled this year (and this year only) and was replaced by a planning meeting held at Daufuskie Island, South Carolina. There were no technical sessions, and therefore no proceedings from the fall meeting. However, one of the results of the plan- ning meeting was the development of a five-year programming calendar (which appears at the end of this preface).
The annual meeting also was intended to be focused on raw materials -
in particular, clays. To this end, the division partnered with the Clay Miner- als Society for the division program, and several speakers were invited. These efforts produced one of the strongest programs in several years (a relatively common observation from the participants). To document the depth and breadth of the division program, the table of contents is orga- nized in the order in which the presentations were given. In the event that a paper was not provided for the proceedings, the title and abstract for the talk is provided. In some cases, common with several of the invited speak- ers, their presentations were “recycled” and often their manuscripts had been published elsewhere. When possible, the appropriate references for papers published elsewhere are provided.
I hope that this format will be adopted as a standard format for the Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings issue from the Whitewares
& Materials Division in the future. From my viewpoint, assigning a slot for each presenter and the abstract provides information that is not readily available from other sources and provides some recognition of the presen- ters. Withdrawn papers are omitted from these proceedings.
William M. Carty, Ph.D. Whiteware Research Center
New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University
American Ceramic Society’s
Whitewares
&
Materials Division
Five-Year Calendar of Programs and Meetings
103-d Annual Meeting, April 200 I, Indianapolis, Indiana
Crystalline silica and other nuisance dust (plus general Whitewares & Materials sessions). Symposium in conjunction with Refractories, Cement, Glass and Optical Materials Divisions.
Fall Meeting, September 22-25,200 I ,Toronto, Canada
Statistical process control, agile manufacturing, ISO, and other business- related topics. In conjunction with the Canadian Ceramic Society. CerMA to be invited.
104th Annual Meeting, April 28 - May I, 2002, St. Louis, Missouri
Advanced analytical techniques for manufacturing (plus general sessions). Symposium in conjunction with Basic Science and Electronics Divisions and the National Labs.
Fall Meeting, September 15-1 7,2002, Louisville, Kentucky
Ceramic manufacturing workshops (“Return to Louisville”). In conjunction with CerMA (to be invited) and with an equipment and supplier exhibition.
105th Annual Meeting,ApriI 27-30,2003, Nashville,Tennessee
Glazes and glasses: Surface characterization and durability testing (plus general sessions). Symposium in conjunction with Glass & Optical Materials Division.
Fall Meeting, September 14-16,2003, Cleveland, Ohio
Firing, glazing, and decoration. In conjunction with CerMA, SCGD, and the Porcelain Enamel Institute (to be invited).
106th Annual Meeting, April 18-2 I , 2004, Indianapolis, Indiana Program to be determined (topic to be selected by May 2001).
Fall Meeting, September I 2- 14,2004 Jackson,Tennessee
Clays and other raw materials. In conjunction with CerMA (to be invited).
107th Annual Meeting, April 2005 (location not yet established) Program to be determined (topic to be selected by May 2003).
Fall Meeting, September I 1-1 3,2005, Charlotte, North Carolina
Ceramic manufacturing workshops. In conjunction with CerMA (to be invited) and with an equipment and supplier exhibition.
General Programming Guidelines
Programs will be developed to provide benefit to the manufacturers. Fall meetings will be manufacturing-oriented and will be topical.
Spring meetings (the Annual Meeting of The American Ceramic Society) will be technology- and science-oriented, with the programming possi- bly as a symposium with other divisions. (General open sessions for the Whitewares and Materials Division will also be held.)
Fall Meeting Guidelines
The fall meeting will be held the second week in September.
Venues will be selected to keep costs low, including travel and hotel Programming will not exceed two full days (Monday and Tuesday). There will be a session dealing with ASTM standards and applications. *In meetings with an exhibition, the exhibition will open at noon on
Plant tours will be conducted (as appropriate) on Wednesday.
Plant tour hosts will be invited to offer a short discussion on their manu- CerMA, ACerS sections, and/or other organizations will be invited to costs.
Sunday.
facturing approach. cosponsor as appropriate.
