Existence and comparative statics in heterogeneous Cournot oligopolies
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(4) •. W?|hL_ýU|ðL?. 5ð?Ui çLýh?L|<t i@h*) UL?|hðMý|ðL? üðt 4L_i* Lu L*ð}LTL*) ü@t hiUiðñi_ 4Lhi @?_ 4Lhi @||i?|ðL?c @?_ ?Lê@_@)t ðt @ M@tðU Mýð*_ð?} M*LU! Lu @TT*ði_ êLh! L? @ êð_i h@?}i Lu |LTðUt ð?ñL*ñð?} ð4TihuiU| UL4Ti|ð|ðL?ë W|t ýtiuý*?itt _iTi?_t L? |êL ui@|ýhitG 6ðht|c i ðt|i?Ui @?_ ý?ð^ýi?itt Lu i^ýð*ðMhð@ @| |üi 4@h!i| t|@}i 4ýt| Mi i@tð*) it|@M*ðtüi_c @?_ tiUL?_c UL4T@h@|ðñi t|@|ðUt hitý*|t tüLý*_ Mi hi@_ð*) @ñ@ð*@M*ië W? |üi UL?|i | Lu üL4L}i?iLýt }LL_t ML|ü |üiti @tTiU|t ü@ñi Mii? |hi@|i_ i |i?tðñi*)c êüihi@t uLh üi|ihL}i?iLýt }LL_t |üihi @hi 4ýUü uiêih hitý*|t @ñ@ð*@M*ië W| ðt TLttðM*i |L @tUih|@ð? |üi i ðt|i?Ui Lu Týhi çLýh?L| i^ýð*ðMhð@ ý?_ih |üi @ttý4T|ðL? |ü@| ThL€|t @hi UL?U@ñic ýtð?} |üi }i?ih@* hitý*| |ü@| }@4it êð|ü UL?U@ñi T@)Lgt TLttitt Týhi i^ýð*ðMhð@ Etii 6hði_4@? •bb•äë Aüðt UL?_ð|ðL? ðt ?L| i@tð*) |h@?t*@|@M*i ð?|L @ttý4T|ðL?t @MLý| _i4@?_ @?_ ThL_ýU|ðL? ULt|tc |üihiuLhi |üihi ü@ñi Mii? 4@?) @||i4T|t |L ð_i?|ðu) |üLti ui@|ýhit |ü@| }ý@h@?|ii |üi i ðt|i?Ui Lu i^ýð*ðMhð@ë Aüi €ht| t|h@?_ Lu |üi *ð|ih@|ýhi ð_i?|ð€i_ UL?_ð|ðL?t L? _i4@?_ |ü@| ULý*_ Mi uhýð|uý**) i T*Lð|i_G ûLñtüi! E•bHDäc ký!ýtü!ð? E•bbeä @?_ çLhUü‚L? E•bbec •bbSä @ttý4i |ü@| }LL_t @hi t|h@|i}ðU týMt|ð|ý|itc êüð*i Vðñit E•bbfä @ttý4it |ü@| }LL_t @hi t|h@|i}ðU UL4T*i4i?|të AüihiuLhi ð| ðt @ttý4i_ |ü@| €h4t< hi@U|ðL? uý?U|ðL?t @hi ið|üih _iUhi@tð?} Lh ð?Uhi@tí ð?}ë Aüi tiUL?_ t|h@?_ ð?ð|ð@**) ð4TLti_ @ttý4T|ðL?t L?*) L? ULt|t @?_ ThLñi_ |üi i ðt|i?Ui Lu t)44i|hðU i^ýð*ðMhð@G •U•@?ýt E•bS2c •bSeäc @?_ +LMih|t @?_ 5L??i?tUüið? E•b.Sä @ttý4i_ |ü@| ULt|t êihi *ð?i@h Lh UL?ñi c ðëië ü@_ ?L?ð?Uhi@tð?} hi|ýh?t |L tU@*ië ú4ðh @?_ w@4MtL? E•bbHä tüLêi_ uLh üL4L}i?iLýt }LL_t |ü@| ð| ê@t TLttðM*i |L @**Lê uLh *ð4ð|i_ ð?Uhi@tð?} hi|ýh?t |L tU@*i ð? ThL_ýU|ðL?c hitý*|ð?} ð? @ UL?_ð|ðL? |ü@| UL4Mð?it ML|ü |üi _i4@?_ @?_ ULt| uý?U|ðL?të W| ðt ð?|ihit|ð?} |L ?L|i |ü@| ð| ðt ?L| M) Uü@?Ui |ü@| |üiti |êL t|h@?_t Lu |üi *ð|ih@|ýhi i ðt|c tð?Ui uý?_@4i?|@**) i@Uü t|h@?_ ýtit L?i Lu |üi |êL t|@Mð*ð|) UL?_ð|ðL?t M) O@ü? E•bS2äc êüðUü ð4TLti _ðgihi?| !ð?_t Lu hi}ý*@hð|) L? |üi 4L_i*ë •Lt| Lu |üi @MLñi @ý|üLht ü@ñi L?*) ULñihi_ |üi U@ti Lu üL4L}ií ?iLýt }LL_të ký!ýtü!ð? E•bbeä @?_ çLhUü‚L? E•bbec •bbSä _i@* êð|ü @__ðí |ðñi @}}hi}@|ðL?c ðëië êüihi |üi tý4 Lu UL4Ti|ð|Lht< Lý|Tý|t ðt hi*iñ@?|c •.
(5) Mý| @ttý4i t|h@|i}ðU týMt|ð|ý|it( Vðñit E•bbfä @**Lêt uLh }i?ih@* ?L?í üL4L}i?iLýt }LL_tc Mý| ý?_ih t|h@|i}ðU UL4T*i4i?|të 5Ti?Ui E•b.Sä ð?_ðU@|it üLê |L ThLñi i ðt|i?Ui Lu û@tü i^ýð*ðMhð@ uLh @ tTiUð@* U*@tt Lu ð?ñihti _i4@?_ uý?U|ðL?t êð|ü üi|ihL}i?iLýt }LL_të ïýh êLh! ðt |üi €ht| |L @__hitt |üi ^ýit|ðL? Lu i ðt|i?Ui Lu i^ýð*ðMhð@ êð|ü üi|ihL}i?Lýt }LL_t ð? @ }i?ih@* UL?|i | |ü@| _Lit 4@!i ?L| ýti Lu |üi @ttý4T|ðL? Lu t|h@|i}ðU týMt|ð|ý|it Lh UL4T*i4i?|të +@|üihc ð| ðt M@ti_ L? |üi tiUL?_ t|h@?_ Lu *ð|ih@|ýhi @?_ _ðhiU|*) }i?ih@*ð3it ú4ðh @?_ w@4MtL?<t E•bbHä êLh! |L üi|ihL}i?iLýt }LL_të `i ð4TLti |üi UL?_ð|ðL? |ü@| €h4t hi@U| |L @ hðti ð? UL4Ti|ð|Lht< ^ý@?|ð|ðit M) @_éýt|ð?} |üiðh Lê? ThL_ýU|ðL? ð? týUü @ ê@) |ü@| |üiðh 4@h!i| ThðUi _Lit ?L| hðti EUL?_ð|ðL? úäë #Lð?} tLc Lý|Tý| 4@) ð?Uhi@ti Lh _iUhi@tic Mý| 4ýt| ?L| _iUhi@ti |LL t|hL?}*)ë Aüðt UL?_ð|ðL? ðt uLh4ýí *@|i_ êð|üLý| 4@!ð?} ýti Lu _ðgihi?|ð@Mð*ð|) Lh UL?ñi ð|) @ttý4T|ðL?tc h@|üih ð| ðt uLh4ý*@|i_ ð? *@||ðUií|üiLhi|ðU |ih4t @t @ tð?}*iíUhLttð?} UL?í _ð|ðL?ë Wu }LL_t @hi týMt|ð|ý|itc @?_ ý?_ih t|@?_@h_ hi}ý*@hð|) UL?_ðí |ðL?tc êi tüLê |ü@| |üðt UL?_ð|ðL? ð4T*ðit |üi i ðt|i?Ui Lu t)44i|hðU Týhi çLýh?L| i^ýð*ðMhð@ iñi? êüi? Lý|Tý|t @hi üi|ihL}i?iLýtë çL?Uih?ð?} ý?ð^ýi?ittc @t)44i|hðU i^ýð*ðMhð@ U@? Mi hý*i_ Lý| ðu êi @__ |üi @__ð|ðL?@* êi@! @ttý4T|ðL? |ü@| Lê? 4@h!i| ThðUi hi@U|t 4Lhi |L Uü@?}it ð? Lê? Lý|Tý| |ü@? ð? UL4Ti|ð|Lht< Lý|Tý|t EUL?_ð|ðL? îäë •ý*|ðT*i t)44i|hðU i^ýð*ðMhð@ U@? Mi i U*ý_i_ L?*) ý?_ih 4ýUü t|hL?}ih @ttý4T|ðL?të çL4T@h@|ðñi t|@|ðUt L? _i4@?_ Lh ULt| ñ@hð@M*it uLh çLýh?L| L*ð}Lí TL*) ü@ñi Mii? @?@*)3i_ M) 4@?) @ý|üLhtc @4L?} |üi4 6h@?! E•bSDäc #ð ð| E•bHSäc çLhUü‚L? E•bbec •bbSäc êüð*i UL4T@h@|ðñi t|@|ðUt êð|ü hií tTiU| |L |üi ?ý4Mih Lu €h4t ü@ñi Mii? _ðtUýtti_ M) 6h@?! E•bSDäc +ýæ? E•b.•äc 5i@_i E•bHf äc 53ð_@hLñt!) @?_ v@!Lêð|3 E•bH2äc çLhUü‚L? E•bbec •bbSäc @?_ hiUi?|*) M) ú4ðh @?_ w@4MtL? E•bbHäë Aüi U@ti Lu üi|ihLí }i?iLýt }LL_t ü@t Mii? |hi@|i_ M) #ð ð| E•bHSä uLh |êL €h4tc @?_ M) çLhUü‚L? E•bbec •bbSä uLh @__ð|ðñi @}}hi}@|ðL?c Mý| |üi) @t 4Lt| @ý|üLht ü@ñi ð4TLti_ |üi @ttý4T|ðL? Lu t|h@|i}ðU týMt|ð|ý|it uhL4 |üi Lý|ti|c êüðUü ðt ðhhi*iñ@?| uLh 4Lt| UL4T@h@|ðñiít|@|ðUt UL?U*ýtðL?të W? u@U|c ú4ðh @?_ w@4MtL? ü@ñi tüLê? uLh üL4L}i?iLýt }LL_t |ü@| |üi L?*) 2.
(6) hi*iñ@?| UL?_ð|ðL? uLh _iUhi@tð?} i^ýð*ðMhðý4 ThðUit @?_ ð?Uhi@tð?} i^ýðí *ðMhðý4 |L|@* ^ý@?|ð|) ðt |ü@| |üihi @hi ?L t|hL?} ð?Uhi@tð?} hi|ýh?t |L tU@*ië ï?i Lu |üi uý?_@4i?|@* UL?U*ýtðL?t Lu |üðt *ð|ih@|ýhi ðt |ü@| t|@Mð*í ð|) Lu i^ýð*ðMhðý4 ðt U*Lti*) UL??iU|i_ |L â?L?íT@h@_L ðU@*â UL4T@h@|ðñi t|@|ðUt hitý*|të ïýh @?@*)tðt uLh üi|ihL}i?iLýt }LL_tc êüðUü ðt M@ti_ L? *@||ðUií|üiLhi|ðU 4L?L|L?i UL4T@h@|ðñi t|@|ðUt 4i|üL_tc 4@!it Thií Uðti Thi_ðU|ðL?t uLh 4@ ð4@* @?_ 4ð?ð4@* i^ýð*ðMhð@ |ü@| _L ?L| hi*) L? t|@Mð*ð|)c êüð*i êi tüLê |ü@| UL4T@h@|ðñi t|@|ðUt hitý*|t uLh @hMð|h@h) i^ýð*ðMhð@ UL?|ð?ýi |L _iTi?_ _iUðtðñi*) L? |üi t|@Mð*ð|) Lu i^ýð*ðMhðý4ë W? |üðt êLh! êi êð** UL?Ui?|h@|i i U*ýtðñi*) L? |üi UL4T@h@|ðñi t|@|ðUt Lu i?|h)ë ïýh 4@ð? hitý*| ðt |ü@| ðu UL4Ti|ð|Lht< ^ý@?|ð|ðit i?|ih ð?ñihti _i4@?_ ð? tL4i @}}hi}@|i_ uLh4c |üi? i^ýð*ðMhðý4 ThðUit _L ?L| ð?Uhi@ti @t 4Lhi €h4t i?|ih |üi ð?_ýt|h)ë `i @*tL tüLê M) 4i@?t Lu @? i @4T*i |ü@| |üðt hitý*| ðt ?L| i |i?_@M*i |L }i?ih@* üi|ihL}i?Lýt }LL_tc ðëië i^ýð*ðMhðý4 ThðUit 4@) hðti iñi? ðu |üihi @hi ?L ð?Uhi@tð?} hi|ýh?t |L tU@*i @?_ i^ýð*ðMhðý4 ðt t|@M*ië AL|@* i^ýð*ðMhðý4 Lý|Tý| 4@) hðti Lh u@** iñi? ðu ThðUit @hi _iUhi@tí ð?}c Mý| êð** hðti ý?_ih |üi t@4i UL?_ð|ðL? |ü@| êi @*hi@_) ýti_ |L hý*i Lý| @t)44i|hðU i^ýð*ðMhð@ë W?_ðñð_ý@* Lý|Tý| hðtit Lh u@**t _iTi?_ð?} L? êüi|üih }LL_t @hi t|h@|i}ðU UL4T*i4i?|t Lh týMt|ð|ý|itc êüð*i ThL€|t @*ê@)t _iUhi@tië. Aüi hit| Lu Lýh T@Tih UL?|ð?ýit @t uL**LêtG 5iU|ðL? 2 ti|t Lý| |üi 4L_i*c @?_ tiU|ðL? ô ð?|hL_ýUit |üi 4@ð? UL?_ð|ðL?ë , ðt|i?Ui hitý*|t @hi Thiti?|i_ ð? tiU|ðL? •c @?_ hi*@|i_ UL?_ð|ðL?t @?_ tL4i i @4T*it @hi _ðtUýtti_ ð? tiU|ðL?t D @?_ Së 5iU|ðL? . Thiti?|t Lýh UL4T@h@|ðñi t|@|ðUt hitý*|tc @?_ tiU|ðL? H UL?U*ý_itë ú** ThLLut @hi ð? |üi @TTi?_ð ë ô.
(7) 2. Aüi •L_i*. Aüihi @hi ? €h4t êð|ü ð_i?|ðU@* €?ð|i ThL_ýU|ðL? U@T@Uð|ðit• f ÷ g ÷ 4 @?_ ð_i?|ðU@* ThL_ýU|ðL? ULt| uý?U|ðL?t S G dfc go $ Un c êüðUü @hi @ttý4i_ |L Mi *Lêih ti4ðíUL?|ð?ýLýtë #i?L|i €h4 ð<t Lý|Tý| ^ý@?|ð|) M) %ð c @?_ M) %3ð |üi ñiU|Lh Lu Lý|Tý|t Lu |üi L|üih €h4të W?ñihti _i4@?_ Lu €h4 ð Eð ' •éé?ä ðt }ðñi? M) @ UL?|ð?ýLýt uý?U|ðL? R G dfc go? $ Un c êð|ü Rð ' R E%ð c %3ð äc2 êüðUü ðt t)44i|hðU ð? |üi L|üih €h4t< Lý|Tý|tG wi| %ì3ð Mi @?) Tih4ý|@|ðL? Lu %3ð c |üi? R E%ð c %ì3ð ä ' R E%ð c %3ð ä uLh @** E%ð c %3ð ä 5 dfc go? ë Aü@| ðtc €h4t @hi UL4T*i|i*) t)44i|hðU ð? |ü@|c @T@h| uhL4 ð_i?|ðU@* ThL_ýU|ðL? |iUü?L*L}ðitc @** _i4@?_ uý?U|ðL?t ü@ñi |üi t@4i uý?U|ðL?@* uLh4 @?_ @** UL4Ti|ð|Lht< }LL_t i?|ih i@Uü _i4@?_ uý?U|ðL? t)44i|hðU@**)ë úttý4i |ü@| R ðt ?L?ð?Uhi@tð?} ð? %ð @?_ %3ð c ðëië ð? T@h|ðUý*@h }LL_t @hi týMt|ðí |ý|itc @?_ t|hðU|*) _iUhi@tð?} ð? %ð êüihi ð?ñihti _i4@?_ ðt TLtð|ðñië 6ðh4 ð<t ThL€|t @hic uLh %ð 5 dfc go @?_ }ðñi? %3ð 5 dfc go?3• c á E%ð c %3ð ä ' %ð R E%ð c %3ð ä ý S E%ð ä c ð ' • é é é ?é. E•ä. `i êð** ?Lê hiuLh4ý*@|i ThL€|t á @t @ uý?U|ðL? Lu €h4 ð<t 4@h!i| ThðUi Rð @?_ |üi L|üih €h4t< Lý|Tý|tô ë út tüLê? ð? |üi @TTi?_ð c |üihi ðt @ ti| f ã Un ûdfc go?3• týUü |ü@| êi U@? i Thitt €h4 ð<t Lý|Tý| @t @ uý?U|ðL? ã G f $ dfc go Lu Lê? 4@h!i| ThðUi Rð @?_ |üi L|üiht< Lý|Tý| |ü@| ðt UL?|ð?ýLýt @?_ ?L?ð?Uhi@tð?} ð? ERð c %3ð ä 5 fc @?_ t|hðU|*) _iUhi@tð?} ð? Rð ë ú*tLc |üihi ðt @ ?iê UL?t|h@ð?| ti| Z E%3ð ä |ü@| ðt ?L?íi4T|)c U*Lti_c UL4T@U|c @?_ ?L?ð?Uhi@tð?} ð? %3ð ë 6ðh4 ð<t 4@ ð4ð3@|ðL? ThLM*i4 U@? 4. Dowhuqdwlyho|/ dv lv riwhq grqh/ rqh pd| dvvxph wkdw lqyhuvh ghpdqg idoov ehorz pdujlqdo frvw +jlyhq dq| rxwsxw ri ulydov, ru hyhq ehfrphv }hur iru rxwsxwv odujhu wkdq d fhuwdlq olplw1 Doo wkhvh dvvxpswlrqv hqvxuh wkdw ñupv* rxwsxwv duh erxqghg1 5 E| s +{l > {ýl , zh gr phdq wkdw {l lv wkh ñuvw dujxphqw ri s/ l1h1 wkdw iru doo l rzq txdqwlw| {l hqwhuv ñup l*v lqyhuvh ghpdqg glòhuhqwo| iurp rwkhu ñupv* txdqwlwlhv {m / m 9@ l1 6 Qrwh wkdw wkh yduldeoh wr eh pd{lpl}hg ryhu +rxwsxw ru sulfh, lv luuhohydqw dv orqj dv diwhuzdugv hdfk ñup *frpplwv* wr d ñ{hg surgxfwlrq txdqwlw| ru dw ohdvw frpshwlwruv eholhyh wkdw lw lv vr1. e.
(8) |üi? Mi i Thitti_ @t 4@. Rð MZE%3ð ä. ì ERð c %3ð ä ' ã ERð c %3ð ä Rð ý S Eã ERð c %3ð ää c á. E2ä. hitý*|ð?} ð? |üi ThðUi Mit| hitTL?tie å E%3ð äë ì ERð c %3ð ä âL? |üi _ð@}L?@*â êüihi @** UL4í Wu êi UL?tð_ih ThL€|t á Ti|ð|Lht ThL_ýUi |üi t@4i @4Lý?| + 5 dfc goc êi U@? _i€?i ÷ ERð c +ä ' á ì ERð c +c é é é c +ä é á. Eôä. 5L4i tTiUð@* U@tit @hic ð? Lh_ih Lu ð?Uhi@tð?} tTiUð@*ð3@|ðL?c êü@| êi êð** U@** âçL4Ti|ð|Lh @}}hi}@|ðL?âc âð?_ýt|h) @}}hi}@|ðL?âcD @?_ üLí 4L}i?iLýt }LL_të N?_ih UL4Ti|ð|Lh @}}hi}@|ðL? |üihi @hi uý?U|ðL?t R÷ G U2n $ Un @?_ s G dfc go?3• $ Un c êüihi s ðt t|hðU|*) ð?Uhi@tð?}c týUü |ü@| R E%ð c %3ð ä ' R÷ E%ð c s E%3ð ää c. Eeä. êüihi |üi UL4Ti|ð|Lht< ^ý@?|ð|ðit @hi @}}hi}@|i_ ð?|L L?i ?ý4Mihë ï?i i @4T*i ðt @__ð|ðñi @}}hi}@|ðL? êð|ü s E%3ð ä ' tð ' Pæõ'ð %æ ë N?_ih ð?_ýt|h) @}}hi}@|ðL? |üihi i ðt|t @ uý?U|ðL? R7 G Un $ Un @?_ B 5 Un týUü |ü@| R E%ð c %3ð ä ' R7 E%ð n Btð ä c. EDä. @?_ ðu }LL_t @hi üL4L}i?iLýt |üi? B ' •ë 6Lh ð?_ýt|h) @}}hi}@|ðL? ð| ðt i@t) |L tii |ü@| ã ERð c %3ð ä ' ( ERð ä ý Btð c êüihi ( ' R73• ðt |üi _i4@?_ uý?U|ðL?c @?_ |üi ThL€| 4@ ð4ð3@|ðL? ThLM*i4 MiUL4it 4@. Rð Md7 REgnBtð äc7 REBtð äo. ì ERð c %3ð ä ' E( ERð ä ý Btð ä Rð ý S E( ERð ä ý Btð ä c á. êüihi uLh ð_i?|ðU@* Lý|Tý|t M) €h4 ð<t UL4Ti|ð|Lhtc ÷ ERð c +ä ' E( ERð ä ý B E? ý •ä +ä Rð ý S E( ERð ä ý B E? ý •ä +ä é á 7 Zh. dgrsw wklv irupxodwlrq wr dyrlg frqixvlrq zlwk wkh vwdqgdug +txdqwlw|, ehvw uhvsrqvh ru uhdfwlrq ixqfwlrq {l @ u +{ýl ,1 8 L zrxog olnh wr wkdqn Nduo Vfkodj iru sursrvlqj wkhvh whupv1. D.
(9) ô. Aüi çL?_ð|ðL?. ïýh 4@ð? UL?_ð|ðL? L? ThL€|t ðt Lu @ |)Ti |ü@| ü@t hiUi?|*) Mii? tüLê? |L Mi Lu Ui?|h@* ð4TLh|@?Ui ð? @?) i ihUðti Lu UL4T@h@|ðñi t|@|ðUtG W? @ *@||ðUií|üiLhi|ðU UL?|i |c •ð*}hL4 @?_ 5ü@??L? E•bbeä ü@ñi tüLê? |ü@| |üi ti| Lu 4@ ð4ð3iht Lu |üi T@h@4i|hðU 4@ ð4ð3@|ðL? ThLM*i4 4@ %M7 s E%c |äc êüihi 7 ã Uc ðt ?L?_iUhi@tð?} ð? E|c 7ä ðu @?_ L?*) ðu s t@|ðt€it |üi êi@! tð?}*i UhLttð?} ThLTih|) ð? E%c |äG uLh @** %â : % @?_ |â : | êi ü@ñi |ü@| s E%â c |ä ý s E%c |ä è E:ä f , s E%â c |â ä ý s E%c |â ä è E:ä fé W? |üi UL?|i | Lu }@4i |üiLh) |üðt hitý*| U@? Mi @TT*ði_ |L Mit| hitTL?ti 4@Ttc @?_ êi _L tL @u|ih Lýh Uü@?}i Lu ñ@hð@M*it uhL4 Lê? ^ý@?|ð|) |L Lê? ThðUi _itUhðMi_ @MLñië N?_ih*)ð?} Lýh hitý*|t ðt |üi uL**Lêð?} UL?_ð|ðL?G ÷ ERð c +ä t@|ðt€it |üi _ý@*S êi@! tð?}*i UhLttð?} ThLTih|) ð? çL?_ð|ðL? úG á ERð c +äc ðëië uLh @** Râð : Rð @?_ + â : + êi ü@ñi |ü@| ÷ ERâ c +ä ý á ÷ ERð c +ä é E÷ä f , á ÷ ERâ c + â ä ý á ÷ ERð c + â ä é E÷ä fé á ð ð. ESä. ,ñi? |üLý}ü |üðt UL?_ð|ðL? tii4t |L Mi i |hi4i*) @Mt|h@U|c ð|t ð?|ihThií |@|ðL? ðt ñih) tð4T*i @?_ iUL?L4ðU@**) ð?|ýð|ðñiG çL?_ð|ðL? ú 4i@?t |ü@|c t|@h|ð?} uhL4 @ tð|ý@|ðL? êüihi @** L|üih €h4t ThL_ýUi ð_i?|ðU@* ^ý@?|ðí |ðitc ðu |üi L|üih €h4t h@ðti |üiðh Lý|Tý|t M) |üi t@4i @4Lý?|c ð| êð** Mi @_ñ@?|@}iLýt uLh €h4 ð |L @_éýt| ð|t Lý|Tý| L?*) ð? týUü @ ê@) |ü@| |üi hitý*|ð?} 4@h!i| ThðUi ðt ?L| üð}üih |ü@? MiuLhië #Lð?} tLc Lê? Lý|Tý| 4@) ð?Uhi@ti Lh _iUhi@tic _iTi?_ð?} L? êüi|üih }LL_t @hi t|h@|i}ðU týMí t|ð|ý|it Lh UL4T*i4i?|të Aüðt UL?_ð|ðL? ðt @ ñih) ?@|ýh@* UL?_ð|ðL? |L UL?tð_ih êüi? L?i ðt ð?|ihit|i_ ð? üLê i^ýð*ðMhðý4 ThðUit Uü@?}it êð|ü i?|h) Lu ?iê €h4t ð? @ ti||ð?} êüihi @** €h4t @hi i^ý@*( üihi êi êð** tüLê |ü@| ð| iñi? ð4T*ðit i ðt|i?Ui Lu i^ýð*ðMhðý4c týMéiU| |L tL4i hi}ý*@hð|) UL?_ð|ðL?të 9. Wklv lv d %gxdo% vlqjoh0furvvlqj surshuw| ehfdxvh wkh lqhtxdolw| vljqv lq wkh ghñ0 qlwlrq duh uhyhuvhg1. S.
(10) ûL|i |ü@| UL?_ð|ðL? ú ð4TLtit |üi _ý@* tð?}*i UhLttð?} ThLTih|) L?*) L? |üi â_ð@}L?@*âc ðëië êüihi UL4Ti|ð|Lht @** ThL_ýUi |üi t@4i ^ý@?|ð|)ë Aüðt ðt týæUði?| uLh |üi uL**Lêð?} i ðt|i?Ui hitý*| tð?Ui êi @hi L?*) ð?|ihit|i_ ð? t)44i|hðU i^ýð*ðMhð@c êüð*i êi êð** ü@ñi |L t|@|i @ UL?_ð|ðL? ULñihð?} |üi êüL*i tT@Ui Lu Lý|Tý|t |L _i@* êð|ü @t)44i|hðU i^ýð*ðMhð@ë W? @__ð|ðL?c UL?_ð|ðL? ú ðt uLh4ý*@|i_ uLh ð_i?|ðU@* ð?Uhi@tit ð? Lý|í Tý| uLh @** UL4Ti|ð|Lhtë Aüðt ðt i^ýðñ@*i?| |L uLh4ý*@|ð?} |üi ULhhitTL?_í ð?} UL?_ð|ðL? ð? |ih4t Lu @? ð?Uhi@ti ð? éýt| L?i UL4Ti|ð|Lh<t ^ý@?|ð|) @t *L?} @t ð?ñihti _i4@?_ ðt t)44i|hðU ð? UL4Ti|ð|Lht< Lý|Tý|tc êüð*i ð| ðt 4Lhi }i?ih@* ðu ð?ñihti _i4@?_ ðt ?L| t)44i|hðUë çL?_ð|ðL? ú |üihií uLhi iñi? @TT*ðit |L U@tit êüihi €h4t @hi ð_i?|ðU@* Mý| ð?ñihti _i4@?_t @hi ?L| t)44i|hðU ð? @** UL4Ti|ð|Lht< Lý|Tý|të ï?i i @4T*i Lu |üðt ðt @ tð|ý@|ðL? êüihi i@Uü €h4 L?*) ü@t |êL ?ið}üMLhtc @t ð? @ âUðhUý*@h Uð|)â 4L_i*ë W? |üðt T@Tih êi êð** UL?Ui?|h@|i L? |üi t)44i|hðU U@tië W| ðt ð4TLh|@?| |L ?L|i |ü@| UL?_ð|ðL? ú hý*it Lý| |üi i ðt|i?Ui Lu @ñLð_@M*i € i_ ULt|c ðëië € i_ ULt|t |ü@| @hi ?L| ð?Uýhhi_ ðu ?L|üð?} ðt ThL_ýUi_G Wu |üi) êihi Thiti?|c €h4 ð 4ð}ü| Thiuih |L t|LT ThL_ýUð?} @| @** Eð? igiU| h@ðtð?} Lê? ThðUiäc ð?t|i@_ Lu *Lêihð?} ð|t Lê? ThðUic ðu |üi L|üih €h4t h@ðti |üiðh Lý|Tý|të ú?) L|üih ýTê@h_ éý4T ð? ThL_ýU|ðL? ULt| ðt tð4ð*@h*) i U*ý_i_ë çL?_ð|ðL? ú @TT*ðit ?L 4@||ih êüi|üih ð?ñihti _i4@?_ @?_ ThLí _ýU|ðL? ULt|t @hi _ðgihi?|ð@M*i Lh ?L|ë 5ð?Ui ð| ðt @? Lh_ð?@* UL?_ð|ðL?c ð| ðt ?L| týhThðtð?} |ü@| |üihi ðt ?L i^ýðñ@*i?| UL?_ð|ðL? ð? |ih4t Lu _ihðñ@í |ðñit iñi? ðu _i4@?_ Lh ULt| @hi _ðgihi?|ð@M*ië Ntð?} |üi 4i|üL_ Lu _ðttiU|ðL? _ðtUýtti_ ð? •ð*}hL4 @?_ 5ü@??L? E•bbec Të •S.äc êi U@? €?_ @ týæUði?| _ðgihi?|ð@* UL?_ð|ðL? |ü@| ðt t*ð}ü|*) t|hL?}ih |ü@? UL?_ð|ðL? ú Etii @TTi?_ð bë2äë Wu áðð @?_ áðæ @hi |üi tiUL?_ T@h|ð@* _ihðñ@|ðñit Lu |üi ThL€| uý?U|ðL? Lu €h4 ð êð|ü hitTiU| |L Lý|Tý|tc @?_ Rð @?_ Ræ |üi T@h|ð@* _ihðñ@|ðñit Lu |üi ð?ñihti _i4@?_ Lu €h4 ð êð|ü hitTiU| |L %ð @?_ %æ c UL?_ð|ðL? ú ðt ð4T*ði_ M) ..
(11) çL?_ð|ðL? ú#G 6Lh @** ðc %ð 5 dfc goc @?_ %3ð ' E+c éééc +ä 5 dfc go?3• c Rð E%ð c %3ð ä ðæ á E%ð c %3ð ä é fé á E%ð c %3ð ä ý æ R E%ð c %3ð ä ðð. E.ä. W? |üi U@tit Lu ð?_ýt|h) @}}hi}@|it Lh üL4L}i?iLýt }LL_tc UL?_ð|ðL? ú# hi_ýUit |L |üi UL?_ð|ðL? E@t êi _ðtUýtt ð? tiU|ðL? Sä Râ ý Sââ é fë Oihi UL?_ð|ðL? ú# ü@t |üi uL**Lêð?} ð?|ihThi|@|ðL?G Aüihi @hi @| 4Lt| êi@!*) ð?Uhi@tð?} hi|ýh?t |L tU@*ic Lh ThL€| 4@h}ð?t R ý Sâ @hi u@**ð?} ð? Lê? Lý|Tý|ë. Aüi hi*@|ðL? Mi|êii? UL?_ð|ðL?t ú# @?_ ú ðt @t uL**LêtG Wu Lý|í Tý| M) |üi L|üih €h4t ð?Uhi@tit 4@h}ð?@**)c @?_ ðu €h4 ð hi_ýUit Lý|Tý| týUü |ü@| ð|t 4@h!i| ThðUi hi4@ð?t UL?t|@?|c |üi? €h4 ð<t ThL€|t _iUhi@ti M) |üi ThL€| 4@h}ð? ER ý Sâ äc êüðUü ðt @ €ht|íLh_ih igiU|( tð?Ui M) UL?í _ð|ðL? ú# ThL€| 4@h}ð?t @hi _iUhi@tð?} ð? Lê? Lý|Tý|c |üðt _iUhi@ti ð? ThL€|t U@? L?*) Mi ULý?|ihM@*@?Ui_ M) @? ð?Uhi@ti ð? Lê? Lý|Tý| @?_ @ hitý*|ð?} *Lêih 4@h!i| ThðUic |üihiuLhi €h4 ð êð** ?L| ê@?| |L _hðñi ThðUit ýTë îit| hitTL?ti Lý|Tý| 4@) }L ýT Lh _Lê? tð?Ui |üihi @hi |êL LTTLtð|i 4Lñi4i?|t ð? Lý|Tý| ð?ñL*ñi_ë ú? ð?|ihit|ð?} ð4T*ðU@|ðL? Lu UL?_ð|ðL? ú# ðt |ü@| ð| ð4T*ðit @ MLý?_ L? |üi t*LTit Lu ^ý@?|ð|) Mit| hitTL?tit oð E%3ð äc áðæ Ræ Y oð E%3ð ä ' ý ðð è ý ð é Y%æ á R úT@h| uhL4 UL?_ð|ðL? ú# |üihi @hi ñ@hðLýt L|üih UL?_ð|ðL?t |ü@| ð4T*) UL?_ð|ðL? ú @?_ |ü@| 4@) tL4i|ð4it Mi i@tðih |L ñihðu)ë 5L4i êi êð** _ðtUýtt ð? |üi ?i | tiU|ðL?c Mý| |üi L?i 4Lt| i@tð*) ñihð€i_ ðt |üi uL**Lêð?}GH ì ERð c %3ð ä ü@t Eêi@!*)ä _iUhi@tð?} _ðgihi?Uit çL?_ð|ðL? #G á ð? ERð c %3ð äc ðëië ý ü ý ü ì Râð c %â3ð ý á ì ERð c %3ð ä ì Rð c %â3ð é á ì ERâð c %3ð ä ý á á :. EHä. Dq htxlydohqw lqwhusuhwdwlrq/ gxh wr Dplu dqg Odpevrq +4<<;, iru krprjhqrxv jrrgv lv wkdw/ %lqyhuvh ghpdqg ru sulfh ghfuhdvhv idvwhu +111, dw dq| jlyhq rxwsxw ohyho wkdq grhv pdujlqdo frvw dw doo orzhu rxwsxw ohyhov1% ; Khuh {3ýl è {ýl phdqv wkdw {3m è {m iru doo m 9@ l1. H.
(12) uLh @** Râð è Rð è f @?_ %â3ð è %3ð 5 dfc go?3• ë Aüðt UL?_ð|ðL? ðt t|hðU|*) t|hL?}ih |ü@? UL?_ð|ðL? ú E•ð*}hL4 @?_ 5ü@??L? •bbeäë Wu ð?ñihti _i4@?_ @?_ ThL_ýU|ðL? ULt|t @hi |êðUi UL?í |ð?ýLýt*) _ðgihi?|ð@M*ic |üðt ðt i^ýðñ@*i?| |L Etii @TTi?_ð bëôäc uLh @** æ 9' ðc Y2 ì á ERð c %3ð ä é fc YRð Y%æ Lh ð ðæ ü æ ðð Rð ðæ ý ð â R R ýR R é fé á ý æ á n Rð n %R ý S R Rð Ræ ðð. Ebä. Aüi *@t| |ih4 ð? Ebä _ðt@TTi@ht ðu }LL_t @hi ð?_ýt|h) @}}hi}@|it ERæ Rðð ý Rð Rðæ ' fäc Lh @| ð?|ihðLh Mit| hitTL?tit ERð n %Rð ý Sâ ' fäc *i@_ð?} |L UL?_ð|ðL? ú#ë. e. , ðt|i?Ui Lu ,^ýð*ðMhð@. `i êð** ?Lê t|@|i Lýh 4@ð? hitý*| L? |üi i ðt|i?Ui Lu t)44i|hðU Týhi çLýh?L| i^ýð*ðMhð@ë W? @__ð|ðL? |L UL?_ð|ðL? ú t|@|i_ @MLñic êi ?ii_ tL4i hi}ý*@hð|) UL?_ð|ðL?t |L i?týhi |ü@| |üi _iUðtðL? ThLM*i4 Lu i@Uü €h4 ü@t @? LT|ð4@* tL*ý|ðL?G çL?_ð|ðL? + E+i}ý*@hð|)äG •ë èhL_ýU|ðL? U@T@Uð|) k ðt *ð4ð|i_G f ÷ g ÷ 4( 2ë ThL_ýU|ðL? ULt| S E%ð ä ðt *Lêih ti4ðíUL?|ð?ýLýt( ôë ð?ñihti _i4@?_ R E%ð c %3ð ä ðt UL?|ð?ýLýt ð? E%ð c %3ð äë •ý*|ðT*i t)44i|hðU i^ýð*ðMhð@ U@? Mi h@?!i_ @UULh_ð?} |L i^ýð*ðMí hðý4 ^ý@?|ð|ðit ELh ThðUitäë Wu |üihi ðt @ t)44i|hðU i^ýð*ðMhðý4 êüihi ^ý@?|ð|ðit @hi t4@**ih Eüð}üihä |ü@? ð? @?) L|üih t)44i|hðU i^ýð*ðMhðý4c |üðt i^ýð*ðMhðý4 ðt U@**i_ 4ð?ð4@* E4@ ð4@*äë AüiLhi4 • úttý4i |ü@| ð?ñihti _i4@?_ ðt ?L?ð?Uhi@tð?} ð? @** @h}ýí 4i?|t E}LL_t @hi týMt|ð|ý|itäc @?_ t|hðU|*) _iUhi@tð?} ð? Lê? Lý|Tý| êüð*i b.
(13) ð?ñihti _i4@?_ ðt TLtð|ðñië N?_ih UL?_ð|ðL?t + @?_ ú |üihi i ðt| 4@ ðí 4@* @?_ 4ð?ð4@* t)44i|hðU Týhi çLýh?L| i^ýð*ðMhð@ë 6hL4 @ |iUü?ðU@* TLð?| Lu ñðiêc @| |üi üi@h| Lu |üiLhi4 • *ðit |üi u@U| |ü@| ý?_ih UL?_ð|ðL? ú |üi ThðUi Mit| hitTL?ti å E%3ð ä ü@t ?L?ð?Uhi@tí ð?} 4@ ð4@* @?_ 4ð?ð4@* ti*iU|ðL?tc êüðUü @**Lêt uLh |üi UL?t|hýU|ðL? Lu ?L?_iUhi@tð?} 4@Tt uhL4 |üi tT@Ui Lu ThðUit ð?|L ð|ti*uë A@ht!)<t E•bDDä |üiLhi4c êüðUü t|@|it |ü@| @?) ?L?_iUhi@tð?} 4@T uhL4 @? ð?|ihñ@* ð?|L ð|ti*u ü@t @ € i_ TLð?|c U@? |üi? Mi @TT*ði_ |L tüLê |ü@| 4@ ð4@* @?_ 4ð?ð4@* € i_ TLð?|t i ðt|ë Aüiti hitý*| ð? 4@ ð4@* @?_ 4ð?ð4@* t)4í 4i|hðU Týhi t|h@|i}) çLýh?L| i^ýð*ðMhð@ë Aüi i^ýð*ðMhðý4 ðt ý?ð^ýi ðu @?_ L?*) ðu |üi 4@ ð4@* @?_ 4ð?ð4@* i^ýð*ðMhð@ @hi ð_i?|ðU@*c Mý| |üðt U@??L| Mi it|@M*ðtüi_ êð|üLý| uýh|üih @tí tý4T|ðL?të N?_ih |üi t|hL?} @ttý4T|ðL? |ü@| ThL€|t @hi ^ý@tðUL?U@ñic 4ý*|ðT*i t)44i|hðU i^ýð*ðMhð@ U@? Mi i U*ý_i_ ðu L?i @ttý4it |ü@| |üi t*LTit Lu ^ý@?|ð|) Mit| hi@U|ðL?t @hi t4@**ih |ü@? •* E? ý •äc êüðUü uL*í *Lêt ð? T@h|ðUý*@h ðu @** i^ýð*ðMhð@ @hi t|@M*i Etii @TTi?_ð bëeë2äë ï? |üi L|üih ü@?_c ýtð?} t|hL?}ih ñihtðL?t Lu UL?_ð|ðL? ú @?_ @ êi@! @__ð|ðL?@* UL?_ð|ðL? îc L?i U@? i U*ý_i |üi i ðt|i?Ui Lu @t)44i|hðU i^ýð*ðMhð@ë wi| ýt t|@|i |êL UL?_ð|ðL?t hi*@|i_ |L UL?_ð|ðL? úc ML|ü Lu êüðUü @hi t|hðU|*) t|hL?}ih @?_ ð?ñL*ñi |üi êüL*i tT@Ui Lu UL4Ti|ð|Lht< Lý|Tý|t dfc go?3• G 6Lh @** ð ' •ééé?c ì ERð c %3ð ä t@|ðt€it |üi _ý@* t|hðU| tð?}*i UhLttð?} çL?_ð|ðL? ú5G á ThLTih|) ð? ERð c %3ð ä uLh @** %3ð 5 dfc go?3• G 6Lh @** Râð : Rð @?_ %â3ð : %3ð c ý ü ý ü ì ERâ c %3ð ä ý á ì ERð c %3ð ä é f , á ì Râ c %â ý á ì Rð c %â ÷ fé á ð ð 3ð 3ð E•fä ì çL?_ð|ðL? ú5#G Y á*YR ð i ðt|tc @?_ ðt t|hðU|*) _iUhi@tð?} ð? %æ uLh @** æ 9' ðc êüihi R E%ð c %3ð ä ðt TLtð|ðñi @?_ uLh @** %3ð 5 dfc go?3• ë çL?_ð|ðL? ú5 4i@?t |ü@| @ €h4 êð** ?L| h@ðti @?) Mit| hitTL?ti 4@h!i| ThðUi @t @ hi@U|ðL? |L @? ð?Uhi@ti ð? UL4Ti|ð|Lht< Lý|Tý|t E@t LTTLti_ |L éýt| 4@ ð4ý4 @?_ 4ð?ð4ý4 Mit| hitTL?ti ThðUit ý?_ih UL?í _ð|ðL? úäë çL?_ð|ðL? ú5# ð4T*ðit |ü@| @ €h4 êð** t|hðU|*) _iUhi@ti ð|t •f.
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(24) Aüi hi@tL? uLh |üðt 4@)Mi TihT*i ð?} hitý*| ðt |ü@| |üi € i_íTLð?| 4@Tt _i€?ð?} týUUittðñi i^ýð*ðMhð@ @hi tüðu|i_ ýTê@h_t ð?t|i@_ Lu _Lê?í ê@h_t uLh ? : ô tð?Ui |üi hi_ýU|ðL? ð? ð?_ðñð_ý@* Lý|Tý| Mit| hitTL?tit U@ýti_ M) |üi i?|h@?| ðt Lý|êið}üi_ M) @ ULhhitTL?_ð?} hi_ýU|ðL? ð? UL4Ti|ð|Lht< Lý|Tý|t Etii |üi @h}ý4i?| ð? @TTi?_ð bëeëeäë ûL|i |ü@| |üi |h@_ð|ðL?@* UL4T@h@|ðñi t|@|ðUt @?@*)tðt M@ti_ L? |üi ð4T*ðUð| uý?Uí |ðL? |üiLhi4c êüðUü ð? @TTi?_ð bëeëD êi i |i?_ |L |üi U@ti Lu UL4Ti|ðí |Lh @}}hi}@|ðL?c ðt ?L| @TT*ðU@M*i üihi tð?Ui ð?ñihti _i4@?_ U@??L| Mi êhð||i? @t @ _ðgihi?|ð@M*i uý?U|ðL? Lu |üi ?ý4Mih Lu €h4të Aüihi @hi |ühii L|üih ñ@hð@M*it Lu ð?|ihit| êüLti i^ýð*ðMhðý4 ñ@*ýit ñ@h) êð|ü |üi ?ý4Mih Lu €h4tG AL|@* Lý|Tý|c ð?_ðñð_ý@* Lý|Tý|tc @?_ €h4 ThL€|të W? týTih4L_ý*@h }@4itc ðëië }@4it êð|ü t|h@|i}ðU UL4T*ií 4i?|tc i^ýð*ðMhðý4 t|h@|i}ðit @?_ ð?_ðñð_ý@* T@)Lgt hðti êð|ü |üi ?ý4Mih Lu T*@)ihtc tii ALT!ðt E•bbHäc |üiLhi4 eë2ëôë W? çLýh?L| L*ð}LTL*) |üi UL4T@h@|ðñi t|@|ðUt Lu ð?_ðñð_ý@* ^ý@?|ð|ðitc |L|@* ^ý@?|ð|ðit @?_ ThL€|t i@Uü _iTi?_ L? @ _ðgihi?| UL?_ð|ðL?ë `i t|@|i |üi UL4T@h@|ðñi t|@|ðUt hitý*|t @MLý| ^ý@?|ð|ðit uLh UL4í Ti|ð|Lh @}}hi}@|ðL?ë wi| ýt @ttý4i |ü@| ð?ñihti _i4@?_ @?_ ThL_ýU|ðL? ULt| @hi |êðUi UL?|ð?ýLýt*) _ðgihi?|ð@M*ic @?_ UL?Ui?|h@|i L? ð?|ihðLh i^ýð*ðMhð@c ðëië i^ýð*ðMhð@ Uü@h@U|ihð3i_ M) €ht| Lh_ih UL?_ð|ðL?të Aüðt ðt týæUði?| uLh Lýh TýhTLtit tð?Ui êi ê@?| |L 4@!i |üi tð4T*i TLð?| |ü@| UL?_ð|ðL?t ú Lh ú# _L ?L| _hðñi |üi hitý*|të. 2•.
(25) çLhL**@h) D N?_ih UL?_ð|ðL? ú#c UL?tð_ih @?) ð?|ihðLh i^ýð*ðMhðý4 êüihi i^ýð*ðMhðý4 ThðUit RE?ä @hi _iUhi@tð?} ð? |üi ?ý4Mih Lu €h4t ?ë •ë N?_ih UL?_ð|ðL? î5 |L|@* i^ýð*ðMhðý4 Lý|Tý| 'E?ä ðt t|hðU|*) ð?í Uhi@tð?} ð? ?ë 2ë W?_ðñð_ý@* i^ýð*ðMhðý4 ^ý@?|ð|ðit %E?ä @hi _iUhi@tð?} Eð?Uhi@tð?}ä ð? ? ðu }LL_t @hi t|h@|i}ðU týMt|ð|ý|it EUL4T*i4i?|täë. `ð|üLý| ThLLu êi ?L|i |ü@| |L ML|ü UL4T@h@|ðñi t|@|ðUt hitý*|t |üihi ULhhitTL?_t @? Lê? _ðgihi?Uð?} UL?_ð|ðL? L? ThL€|tG 6Lh |L|@* ^ý@?|ð|)c ð| ðt |ü@| ÷ E'c %3ð ä ' á E' ý Pæõ'ð %æ c %3ð ä á ü@t ?L?_iUhi@tð?} _ðgihi?Uit ð? E'c %æ ä uLh @** æ 9' ðc @?_ uLh ð?_ðñð_ý@* ^ý@?|ð|ðit |ü@| á E%ð c %3ð ä ü@t ?L?ð?Uhi@tð?} E?L?_iUhi@tð?}ä _ðgihi?Uit ð? E%ð c %æ ä uLh @** æ 9' ðë Aüiti ULý*_ Lu ULýhti Mi }i?ih@*ð3i_ |L tð?}*ií UhLttð?} UL?_ð|ðL?të ï? |üi L|üih ü@?_c UL?_ð|ðL? ú ðt týæUði?| |L tüLê |ü@| ð?_ðñð_ý@* ThL€|t @hi _iUhi@tð?}G. çLhL**@h) S N?_ih UL?_ð|ðL? ú ð?_ðñð_ý@* ThL€|t áE?ä ð? 4@ ð4@* @?_ 4ð?ð4@* i^ýð*ðMhð@ @hi ?L?ð?Uhi@tð?} ð? |üi ?ý4Mih Lu €h4t ?c @?_ t|hðU|*) _iUhi@tð?} ðu ð?ñihti _i4@?_ R E%ð c sð ä ðt t|hðU|*) _iUhi@tð?} ð? sð ë. AL|@* €h4 ThL€|tc ðëië |üi tý4 Lu ThL€|t Lu @** €h4t ð? |üi ð?_ýt|h)c 4@) Mi ð?Uhi@tð?} Lh _iUhi@tð?}ë Aüi _ðgihi?| igiU|t Lu @? ð?Uhi@ti ð? |üi ?ý4Mih Lu €h4t L? ThðUit @?_ ^ý@?|ð|ðit @hi tý44@hð3i_ ð? |üi uL**Lêð?} |êL €}ýhitc êüihi <n< E<í<ä 4i@?t |ü@| |üi ñ@hð@M*i ðt }Lð?} ýT E_Lê?äG 22.
(26) 6ð}ýhi D. 6ð}ýhi S. .ë•. +i*@|i_ UL?_ð|ðL?t. •Lt| Lu |üi i@h*) *ð|ih@|ýhi L? ^ý@tðíUL4Ti|ð|ðñi?ittc ðëië 6h@?! E•bSD äc +ýæ? E•b.•äc 5i@_i E•bHfäc 53ð_@hLñt!) @?_ v@!Lêð|3 E•bH2äc @** uLh üL4L}i?iLýt }LL_tc @ttý4i ML|ü áðæ ' Râ n %Rââ ÷ f Et|h@|i}ðU týMt|ðí |ý|itä @?_ Râ ý Sââ ÷ f EUL?_ð|ðL? ú# uLh üL4L}i?iLýt }LL_täc @?_ tüLê |ü@| i^ýð*ðMhðý4 4@h!i| ThðUit _iUhi@ti @t 4Lhi €h4t i?|ihë çLhUü‚L? 2ô.
(27) E•bbec •bbSä }i?ih@*ð3it |üiti UL?_ð|ðL?t @?_ hitý*|t |L }i?ih@* @}}hi}@í |ðñi }@4it( ð? |üi tTiUð@* U@ti Lu çLýh?L| UL4Ti|ð|ðL? üðt UL?_ð|ðL?t @hi áðð ÷ áðæ ÷ fc êüihi |üi €ht| ð?i^ý@*ð|) ULhhitTL?_t |L Râ ý Sââ ÷ f uLh üL4L}i?iLýt }LL_të ûL| ý?|ð* ð? ú4ðh @?_ w@4MtL? E•bbHä ð| MiU@4i U*i@h |ü@| |üi L?*) UL?_ð|ðL? hi*iñ@?| uLh ^ý@tðíUL4Ti|ð|ðñi?itt êð|ü üL4L}i?iLýt }LL_t ðt Râ ý Sââ ÷ fë út |üiðh êLh! ðt M@ti_ L? *@||ðUi |üiLh) |üi) U@? ð_i?|ðu) |üi UL?_ð|ðL?t |ü@| @hi Uhð|ðU@* uLh |üiðh UL?U*ýtðL?tc @?_ @ñLð_ ý??iUitt@h) L?it *ð!i t|h@|i}ðU týMt|ð|ý|it @?_ UL?U@ñð|)ë•ô ïýh UL?_ð|ðL? ú# ðt @ }i?ih@*ð3@|ðL? |L üi|ihL}i?iLýt }LL_t Lu |üi U*@ttðU@* UL?_ð|ðL? Râ ý Sââ ÷ fc @?_ UL?_ð|ðL? ú @TT*ðit ð? 4Lhi }i?ih@* UL?|i |të•e ûLê êi êð** }ðñi @ tð4T*i i @4T*i ý?_ih üL4L}i?iLýt }LL_t |ü@| tüLêt |ü@| ý?_ih UL?_ð|ðL? ú i^ýð*ðMhðý4 ThðUit }L _Lê?c êüð*i ý?_ih ð|t <LTTLtð|i< |üi) }L ýTë wi| ð?ñihti _i4@?_ Mi }ðñi? M) R E'ä ' ô ý 2'c |üihiuLhi }LL_t @hi t|h@|i}ðU týMt|ð|ý|itë 6ðht| @ttý4i |ü@| 4@h}ð?@* ULt| ðt UL?t|@?| êð|ü S E%ä ' •2 %ë Aüi? i^ýð*ðMhðý4 ThðUi ðt R? ' ES n ?ä *2 E• n ?ä êüðUü ðt t|hðU|*) _iUhi@tð?} @?_ UL?ñih}it |L Sâ Efä ' 4ð?% S E%ä *% ' •*2c @?_ |üihiuLhi |L |üi UL4í Ti|ð|ðñi Lý|UL4ië çL?_ð|ðL? ú ðt t@|ðt€i_ tð?Ui Râ ý Sââ ' ý2 ÷ fë 6Lh t|hL?}*) ð?Uhi@tð?} hi|ýh?t |L tU@*ic uLh i @4T*i S E%ä ' •2 % ý 22 2 % EuLh % é •*2ä i^ýð*ðMhðý4 ThðUi R? ' ED? ý ôä * E•f? ý •ä ðt t|hðU|*) 2f ð?Uhi@tð?} ð? |üi ?ý4Mih Lu €h4t @?_ UL?ñih}it |L Sâ Efä ' •*2 : 46. Gh Ph}d +4<;8, dqg Yloodqryd/ Sdudglv dqg Yldghu +4<<<, h{klelw h{dpsohv zkhuh q0ñup roljrsro| sulfhv duh ghfuhdvlqj +wkhuhiruh txdvl0frpshwlwlyh dffruglqj wr wkh ghñqlwlrq xvhg khuh, exw duh kljkhu wkdq wkh prqrsro| sulfh1 Wklv rxwfrph lv gxh wr wkh dvvxpswlrq ri lqfuhdvlqj uhwxuqv wr vfdoh lq surgxfwlrq wkdw rqo| vhw lq iru odujh rxwsxw txdqwlwlhv1 47 Dq lvvxh wkdw lv uhodwhg exw glòhuhqw iurp txdvl0frpshwlwlyhqhvv lv wkh lvvxh ri frqyhujhqfh ri htxloleulxp wr wkh *frpshwlwlyh sulfh*1 Uxïq +4<:4 ,/ iroorzlqj Pf0 Pdqxv +4<97, dqg Iudqn +4<98,/ vkrzv wkdw wkh Frxuqrw htxloleulxp sulfh frqyhujhv wr wkh frpshwlwlyh htxloleulxp sulfh li dqg rqo| li wkhuh duh qr lqfuhdvlqj uhwxuqv wr vfdoh1. 2e.
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