Can online European documents be a valuable resource for the informal learning of adults? The cases of the Monasterium.Net and Topotheque portals in the coop project

! $ ''$

P.2$32:520$F-13@0.2$/38-D02=?$G0$.$;.:-.G:0$10?3-180$J31$=40$52J31D.:$

:0.1252K$3J$./-:=?U$"40$8.?0?$3J$=40$O32.?=015-DVW0=$.2/$"3@3=40X-0$

@31=.:?$52$=40$833@$@13Y08=$

$ 72=320::.$7DG13?53$ H9<F78D<BI$67[G<$DB46<$6<$/5J:G<$@7678<?:$--Q$-B5GO$$ 59B:97GG5A5MK8:D<:b49<95A<B$ ( ( ";7$ BL:$ <9B7895B<:95G$ J:8B5GDQ$ Z:95DB78<4MA/7B$ 596$ ":J:B;7\47$ L787$ ?875B76$ :8<[<95GGO$ N:8$ M5=<9[$ U48:J759$;<DB:8<?5G$6:?4M79BD$5F5<G5KG7$:9G<97Q$K4B$B;7O$587$5GD:$<9N:8M5G$G7589<9[$B::GD$N:8$DB4679BD$596$ J8<F5B7$?<B<E79D$5D$B;7$7cJ78<79?7D$:N$B;7$Z:95DB78<4M$-B5GO$]8:4J$67D?8<K76$<9$B;<D$J5J78$D;:LA$Z:87:F78Q$ B;7O$5GD:$685L$B;7$?<B<E79D$975878$B:$B;7<8$?4GB485G$;78<B5[7$596$;7GJ$B:$DB879[B;79$B;7$?:9D?<:4D97DD$:N$G:?5G$ ?:MM49<B<7D$596$B:$<9B7[85B7$B;7M$<9$5$L<678$U48:J759$?:9B7cBA$$ $ -9N:8M5G$U64?5B<:9R$P<B<E79$^58B<?<J5B<:9R$T:?4M79BR$^;:B:[85J;R$#<DB:8O$ $ $ $ C2=13/-8=532$ $ Z5=<9[$ U48:J759$ ;<DB:8<?5G$ 6:?4M79BD$ 5F5<G5KG7$ :9G<97$ L<B;$ J;:B:[85J;<?$ 87J8:64?B<:9D$ 596$ M7B565B5$ <D$ :97$ :N$ B;7$ 7c?<B<9[$ ?;5GG79[7D$ :N$ :48$ ?79B48OA$ ]::6$ 7c5MJG7D$ <9$ B;<D$ N<7G6$ <9?G467$ M5v:8$ <9B7895B<:95G$ J:8B5GD$ D4?;$ 5D$ U48:J7595$ &;BBJDf``LLLA748:J7595A74`+$ 596$ >8?;<F7D$ ^:8B5G$ U48:J7$ &;BBJDf``LLLA58?;<F7DJ:8B5G748:J7A97B`+A$ -9$ B;<D$ ?:9B7cBQ$ <B$ <D$ ?84?<5G$ B:$ 7cJ78<79?7$ B;7$ J:B79B<5G$B;7O$;5F7$B:$?875B7$G7589<9[$79F<8:9M79BD$B;5B$587$5GD:$4D7N4G$N:8$DB4679BD$596$ 564GBDA$ -9$ B;<D$ ?:9B8<K4B<:9$ -$ L<GG$ 6<D?4DD$ ;:L$ BL:$ <MJ:8B59B$ <9B7895B<:95G$ J:8B5GD$ N:8$ 6:?4M79BDQ$ Z:95DB78<4MA/7B$ &;BBJf``M:95DB78<4MA97B`M:M`;:M7`+$ 596$ ":J:B;7\47$ &;BBJDf``LLLAB:J:B;7=A5B`+Q$587$;<[;GO$7NN7?B<F7$5D$<9N:8M5G$G7589<9[$:??5D<:9D$N:8$J8<F5B7$ ?<B<E79DA$";<D$<D$5$87?79B$:4B?:M7$K5D76$:9$M59O$O758D$:N$7cJ78<79?7$?:9?789<9[$B;7$4D7$ :N$ B;7D7$ J:8B5GD$ <9$ G7589<9[$ 79F<8:9M79BD$ L<B;<9$ 49<F78D<BO$ ?:48D7D$ :9$ ^5G7:[85J;OQ$ T<JG:M5B<?D$596$>8?;<F5G$.?<79?7D$&>MK8:D<:Q$'()(R$>MK8:D<:Q$'())R$>MK8:D<:Q$'()'R$ >MK8:D<:Q$ '()1R$ >MK8:D<:Q$ ><7GG:$ _$ @5G?:97Q$ '()'R$ >MK8:D<:Q$ .B8<59:Q$ @8765Q$ @<:879B<9:$_$><7GG:Q$'()'R$@5G?:97Q$'()1+A$ $ $ "40$G.86K13-2/$ $ ";7D7$F5DB$<9B7895B<:95G$J:8B5GD$587$B;7$87D4GB$:N$5MK<B<:4D$J8:v7?BDA$";7O$;5F7$K779$D7B$ 4J$B;8:4[;$<9B79D7$?::J785B<F7$7NN:8BD$:9$B;7$J58B$:N$B;7$<9DB<B4B<:9D$<9F:GF76$596$?59$:9GO$ ?:9B<947$B:$7c<DB$<N$D4?;$D4JJ:8B$796487DA$-96776Q$B;7D7$<9DB<B4B<:9D$;5F7$B:$K7$?:MM<BB76$ B:$7cJ78<M79B5B<:9$596$87D758?;$<9$:8678$B:$79D487$B;5B$B;7<8$[:5GD$,$B;7$4D5K<G<BO$:N$B;7$ 6:?4M79BD$,$=77J$4J$L<B;$B;7$B<M7DA$Z:87:F78Q$B;7O$;5F7$B:$D758?;$N:8$N496<9[$B:$?588O$ B;7M$:4BA$YNB79Q$5GG$B;<D$?59$K7$5?;<7F76$B;8:4[;$5$G58[7$<9DB<B4B<:95G$97BL:8=A$$ ":[7B;78$L<B;$MO$6<65?B<?D$596$87D758?;$B75M$G:?5B76$5B$B;7$H9<F78D<BO$:N$/5JG7DQ$D<9?7$ '((V$-$;5F7$K779$<9F:GF76$<9$:97$:N$B;7D7$<9B7895B<:95G$97BL:8=D$L;<?;$;5F7$B;7$:Kv7?B<F7$

! $ 'k$ :N$ 67F7G:J<9[$ G58[7$ 6:?4M79B$ J:8B5GDA$ ";<D$ <D$ -P>!H.Q$ B;7$ -9B7895B<:95G$ P79B87$ N:8$ >8?;<F5G$!7D758?;$&;BBJDf``<?5824DA74`+A$>D$J58B$:N$B;7$5?B<F<B<7D$:N$-P>!H.$B;7$[8:4J$-$ ?::86<95B7$ <D$ DJ7?<N<?5GGO$ ?:9?78976$ L<B;$ 67D?8<K<9[$ 596$ J8:F<6<9[$ 5??7DD$ B:$ M76<7F5G$ 6:?4M79BD$<9$5$6<[<B5G$79F<8:9M79BQ$5D$L7GG$5D$L<B;$B;7$J8:M:B<:9$:N$6<[<B<E5B<:9$J8:v7?BD$ &Z:95DB78<4M$ -B5GO$ ]8:4JQ$ ;BBJf``LLLA?::J249<95A:8[`D:4B;2<B5GO2M76<7F5G2 6:?4M79BD`+A$t7$587$J58B<?4G58GO$<9B787DB76$<9$M76<7F5G$G7[5G$6:?4M79BDQ$L8<BB79$7<B;78$ :9$ J58?;M79B$ :8$ :9$ J5J78A$ ";<D$ <9B787DB$ ;5D$ :F78$ B<M7$ DJ8756$ B:$ BL79B<7B;2?79B48O$ J;:B:[85J;DA$-$5GD:$B75?;$?:48D7D$<9$T<JG:M5B<?DQ$B;7$6<D?<JG<97$?:9?78976$L<B;$B;7$DB46O$ :N$M76<7F5G$6:?4M79BDQ$596$<9$>8?;<F5G$.?<79?7DQ$5GD:$4D<9[$6<[<B5G$B7?;9:G:[<7DA$";7D7$ 5?B<F<B<7D$ ;5F7$ K779$ D4JJ:8B76$ KO$ 6<87?B$ UH$ [859BDQ$ N8:M$ '((0$ B:$ '()k$ 5D$ J58B$ :N$ B;7$ U/>8P$J8:v7?B$&U48:J759$/7BL:8=$:9$>8?;<F5G$P::J785B<:9R$@5G?:97Q$'()1+$596$N8:M$ '()1$ B:$ '()0$ 5D$ J58B$ :N$ B;7$ ?:f:J2J8:v7?B$ &?::J785B<:9$ 5D$ :JJ:8B49<BOA$ B;7$ ?875B<F7$ 58?;<F7DS$ 596$ 4D78DS$ 97BL:8=Q$ ;BBJDf``?::J2J8:v7?BA74`+A$ ";7D7$ J8:v7?BD$ ;5F7$ K8:56$ J58B978D;<JD$&))$596$)1$<9DB<B4B<:9D$M567$4J$:N$58?;<F7D$596$49<F78D<B<7D$N8:M$F58<:4D$ U48:J759$ ?:49B8<7D+$ L;<?;$ JG5O$ 59$ 5?B<F7$ 8:G7$ <9$ B;7$ P875B<F7$ U48:J7$ P4GB487$ D4K2 J8:[85MM7A$ /758GO$ 5GG$ :48$ 87D758?;$ 596$ B75?;<9[$ 5?B<F<B<7D$ 796$ 4J$ :9$ B;7$ Z:95DB78<4MA/7B$596$:9$B;7$":J:B;7\47$JG5BN:8MDA$$

-B$D;:4G6$K7$9:B76$B;5B$B;7$6<[<B<E5B<:9$:N$6:?4M79BD$N:8$B;7D7$J:8B5GD$;5D$BL:$5<MDR$ <MJ8:F76$ 5??7DD<K<G<BO$ 596$ <MJ8:F76$ J4KG<?5B<:9$ :N$ 6:?4M79BDA$ U9D48<9[$ N4GG$ 5??7DD$ M759D$ 79?:485[<9[$ 87D758?;$ &N7L78$ v:4897ODQ$ G7DD$ M:97O$ B:$ <9F7DB+$ 596$ 79?:485[<9[$ 67M:?85?O$&59O:97$L<B;$<9B7897B$5??7DD$?59$<9DJ7?B$B;7$6:?4M79BD$596$6:L9G:56$B;7M$ N877$:N$?;58[7+A$U9D48<9[$J4KG<?5B<:9$<9$5$6<[<B5G$79F<8:9M79B$M759D$:NN78<9[$B7cBD$G<9=76$ B:$<M5[7DQ$79?:6<9[$B;7$?:9B79BD$<9$5$8<?;78$L5O$596$?:MM49<?5B<9[$B;7$<9N:8M5B<:9$<9$ B;7$6:?4M79BD$4D<9[$M:87$7NN7?B<F7$J8:?76487DA$Z:87:F78Q$B;7$B::GD$5F5<G5KG7$:9$B;7$BL:$ J:8B5GD$M5=7$<B$J:DD<KG7$B:$<9B785?B$L<B;$:B;78$4D78DA$$ T48<9[$B;7D7$O758DQ$B;7$?;585?B78<DB<?D$:N$B;7D7$J:8B5GD$;787$67D?8<K76$;5F7$J8:MJB76$ B;7$L8<B78$B:$7cJ78<M79B$B;7<8$4D7$<9$B85<9<9[$5?B<F<B<7D$5<M76$5B$49<F78D<BO$DB4679BD$596$ 7F79Q$5GM:DB$?5D45GGOQ$5B$J8<F5B7$?<B<E79DQ$:4BD<67$B;7$49<F78D<BO$?G5DD8::MDA$ $ $ "Z3$8.?0$?=-/50?$ $ -$L:4G6$G<=7$B:$J87D79B$59$7c5MJG7$:N$:48$[8:4JXD$7cJ78<79?7$L<B;$B;7D7$BL:$JG5BN:8MDA$ ";<D$ 7cJ78<79?7$ D;:LD$ B;7$ J85?B<?5G$ :JJ:8B49<B<7D$ B;7O$ :NN78$ N:8$ 764?5B<:95G$ 5?B<F<B<7D$ 6<87?B76$B:$564GBD$<9$B;7$N<7G6$:N$;<DB:8<?5G$D:48?7DQ$^5G7:[85J;OQ$>8?;<F5G$.?<79?7D$596$ T<JG:M5B<?DA$ $ \9#(L2*1%+#$&/"G_#+(72$+1?$ $ ";7$7cJ78<79?7$DB7MD$N8:M$5$?8<B<?5G$76<B<:9$:N$6:?4M79BD$B;5B$?:M7$N8:M$B;7$5KK7O$ :N$ .A$ Z58<5$ &*( B$/7+&%Q$ D<B45B76$ <9$ j<B4G59:Q$ .:4B;789$ -B5GOA$ T7DJ<B7$ B;7D7$ 7cB87M7GO$ B856<B<:95G$K7[<99<9[DQ$B;7$87D4GBD$;5F7$J8:F76$B84GO$D48J8<D<9[A$m5D76$:9$5$?8<B<?5G$76<B<:9$ :N$6:?4M79BD$N8:M$B;7$5KK7OQ$J4KG<D;76$<9$'()k$&>MK8:D<:Q$'()k+Q$-$67?<676$B:$J4KG<D;$ B;7$<M5[7D$:N$B;7$J58?;M79B$6:?4M79BD$N8:M$B;7$5KK7OXD$58?;<F7$:9$Z:95DB78<4MA97BA$ ";7$6:?4M79BD$;5F7$J58BGO$K779$D?5BB7876$:F78$F58<:4D$?:9D78F5B<:9$<9DB<B4B<:9D$K4B$587$ 9:L$5F5<G5KG7$<9$5$F<8B45G$?:GG7?B<:9$:9$B;7$J:8B5GA$";7$pF<8B45G$58?;<F7$:N$.A$Z58<5$67GG5$

! $ '1$ ]8:BB5X$<D$9:L$:9G<97$&;BBJf``M:95DB78<4MA97B`M:M`.Z]`?:GG7?B<:9`+$596$<BD$<M5[7D$587$ <9$ [::6$ ?:MJ59O$ D<9?7$ B;7$ J:8B5G$ ?:9B5<9D$ 5K:4B$ 0((Q((($ <M5[7D$ :N$ :B;78$ U48:J759$ 6:?4M79BDQ$ ?:M<9[$ N8:M$ 5$ F58<7BO$ :N$ 58?;<F7D$ N8:M$ 6<NN7879B$ ?:49B8<7D$ &#7<9EQ$ '((*R$ y85;Q$'((*R$><[978Q$'()(+A$ -N$O:4$5??7DD$:48$?:GG7?B<:9$O:4$L<GG$N<96$;<[;$87D:G4B<:9$J;:B:[85J;D$K:B;$:N$B;7$$#0+2$ 596$B;7$'#$%2$:N$B;7$6:?4M79BDA$HD78D$?59$?:9D4GBQ$7G5K:85B7Q$D5F7$G:?5GGO$:8$J8<9B$<M5[7D$ N877$:N$?;58[7$596$?59$B;787N:87$4D7$B;7M$<9$59O$L5O$B;7O$677M$5JJ8:J8<5B7$5D$G:9[$5D$ B;7O$?:MJGO$L<B;$G7[5G$87\4<87M79BDA$m7G:L$B;7$5875$67F:B76$B:$B;7$J;:B:[85J;DQ$4D78D$ ?59$D77$5GG$B;7$<9N:8M5B<:9$596$65B5$B;5B$;5F7$K779$<9D78B76$B:$67D?8<K7$B;7$6:?4M79BQ$ 859[<9[$ N8:M$ B;7$ J87DD2M58=$ B:$ B;7$ ?8<B<?5G$ 76<B<:9$ :N$ B;7$ 6:?4M79BQ$ 596$ <9?G46<9[$ 87G5B<F7GO$?:MJG7c$58?;<F5G$67D?8<JB<:9DA$>??7DD$<D$?48879BGO$J8:F<676$KO$5$D758?;$DODB7MA$ >D$L7GG$5D$M5=<9[$4D7$:N$B;7$65B5Q$4D78D$?59$5GD:$K7?:M7$76<B:8D$B;7MD7GF7DQ$5GB;:4[;$ B;7<8$?:9B8<K4B<:9D$;5F7$B:$K7$5JJ8:F76$KO$5$M:6785B:8A$$ >GG$B;<D$<D$?:9B5<976$<9$5$?:GG5K:85B<F7$ZYZ2P>$58?;<F7$L;<?;$;5D$K779$67D<[976$596$ 67F7G:J76$KO$B;7$H9<F78D<BO$:N$P:G:[97A$";<D$D:NBL587$<D$K5D76$:9$59$7<DB2T5B5K5D7$596$ :9$ n5F5.78FG7BD$ &;BBJDf``[<B;4KA?:M`<?584D74`M:M2?5`L<=<+A$ ^58B$ :N$ B;7$ D:NBL587$ <D$ B;7$ U6<BZYZ2B::G$&m48=586Q$'((*R$m48=586Q$j:[7G78$_$]84978Q$'((0+Q$5$L7K2K5D76$ZW$ 76<B:8$ &@<[A$ )+$ L;<?;$ 56:JBD$ B;7$ P;58B78$ U9?:6<9[$ -9<B<5B<F7$ &PU-+Q$ 59$ <9B7895B<:95G$ 79?:6<9[$DB596586$N:8$;<DB:8<?5G$6:?4M79BD$&;BBJf``LLLA?7<AGM4A67`<967cAJ;JR$j:[7G78Q$ '((1+A$U9?:6<9[$?59$K7$6:97$4D<9[$U6<BZYZ$<9$59$7cB87M7GO$85J<6$596$<9B4<B<F7$N5D;<:9Q$ L<B;$5$N7L$75DO$DB7JDf$D7G7?B$B;7$J58B$:N$B;7$B7cB$B;5B$9776D$79?:6<9[$4D<9[$B;7$?48D:8$596$ ?;::D7$ B;7$ 67D<876$ :JB<:9D$ N8:M$ B;7$ 68:J6:L9$ M794Q$ 5D$ ?59$ K7$ D779$ <9$ B;7$ N:GG:L<9[$ <M5[7A$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ @<[A$)$Z:95DB78<4MA97Bf$";7$ZW2U6<B:8$U6<BZYZ$ $ U5?;$M58=<9[$:J785B<:9$?59$5GD:$K7$N48B;78$87N<976$KO$79B78<9[$566<B<:95G$65B5$&L;<?;$ ?59$K7$4D76Q$N:8$7c5MJG7Q$B:$9:8M5G<E7$95M7D$:N$J7:JG7$596$JG5?7D+A$UF78OB;<9[$B;5B$<D$ 79?:676$?59$K7$N:496$4D<9[$D758?;$79[<97DA$Z:95DB78<4M$5GD:$J8:F<67D$59$>99:B5B<:9$ B::Gf$B;<D$795KG7D$4D78D$B:$M58=$J58BD$:N$<M5[7D$596$G<9=$B;7M$B:$M58=24J$7G7M79BDQ$M5=7$ 5$?:MJ58<D:9$596$M:6<NO$J58BD$:N$B;7$7cB85?B76$<M5[7DQ$596$J4KG<D;$B;7$599:B5B<:9D$:9$ Z:95DB78<4MA$-B$<D$L:8B;$7MJ;5D<E<9[$B;5B$B;7$DODB7M$9:B$:9GO$5GG:LD$4D78D$B:$?875B7$5$ ?:GG7?B<:9$:9$B;7$K5D<D$:N$5$J8<9?<JG7$&L;7B;78$;<DB:8<?5GQ$J5G7:[85J;<?$:8$58?;<F5G+$B;7O$ !

!

$ 'l$

677M$ 5JJ8:J8<5B7A$ >D$ 5$ t7K$ 'A($ 5JJG<?5B<:9$ Z:95DB78<4M$ <D$ 5GD:$ 67D<[976$ B:$ 5??7JB$ F58<:4D$ BOJ7D$ :N$ ?:9B8<K4B<:9D$ N8:M$ 4D78D$ &m48=586Q$ '((VQ$ .:9[$ _$ W77Q$ '()1+A$ ";7D7$ ?:9B8<K4B<:9D$?59$K7$M<9<M5GQ$D4?;$5D$5$D<9[G7$J<7?7$:N$65B5Q$K<KG<:[85J;<?$87N7879?7D$7B?A$ >GG$B;<D$795KG7D$5$=<96$:N$?8:L6D:48?<9[A$";<D$?8:L6D:48?<9[$<D$?588<76$:4B$KO$J7:JG7$ L:8=<9[$<9$58?;<F7D$596$49<F78D<B<7D$<9F:GF76$<9$B;7$J8:v7?BD$596$;5D$9:B$O7B$M595[76$B:$ 5BB85?B$5$L<678$546<79?7$&^5BBQ$'()l+A$$ Y9?7$L7$;56$?875B76$B;7$?:GG7?B<:9Q$:9$.7JB7MK78$)kB;Q$'()1$L7$58859[76$59$7F79B$B:$ M77B$B;7$?:MM49<BO$:N$j<B4G59:Q$B;7$G<BBG7$M49<?<J5G<BO$9758$m797F79B:$<9$.:4B;$-B5GOQ$ L;787$B;7$5KK7O$<D$D<B45B76A$t7$[5F7$5$J4KG<?$J87D79B5B<:9$:N$B;7$K::=$596$J4KG<D;76$B;7$ ?:GG7?B<:9$ :9$ Z:95DB78<4MA/7BA$ ";7$ M5O:8$ :N$ j<B4G59:$ L5D$ <9F<B76$ K4B$ B;7$ 7F79B$ L5D$ 5GD:$ 5BB79676$ DJ:9B597:4DGO$ KO$ M59O$ G:?5G$ J7:JG7Q$ K:B;$ 7G678GO$ K4B$ 5GD:$ O:49[78$ M7MK78D$ :N$ B;7$ ?:MM49<BOR$ 5D$ <9;5K<B59BD$ :N$ j<B4G59:$ B;7O$ 5BB79676$ K7?54D7$ pB;7<8X$ 5KK7O$L5D$B;7$B:J<?$:N$B;7$7F79BA$";7$K754B<N4G$<M5[7D$:N$B;7$M76<7F5G$6:?4M79BD$<9$B;7$ 6<[<B5G$?:GG7?B<:9$?5JB4876$B;7$<M5[<95B<:9$:N$B;7$ J4KG<?$M:87$B;59$59O$ J8<9B76$?8<B<?5G$ 76<B<:9D$?:4G6$;5F7$6:97A$>B$B;7$796$:N$B;7$M77B<9[$B;7$J4KG<?$7cJ87DD76$B;7<8$[85B<B467$ F78O$?G758GOf$KO$B5=<9[$?587$:N$B;7$J58?;M79B$6:?4M79BD$596$79;59?<9[$B;7M$L<B;<9$5$ U48:J759$?:9B7cBQ$L7$;5F7$K7?:M7$<9F:GF76$<9$B;7<8$:L9$;<DB:8OQ$<9$B;7<8$:L9$G<F7DA$YF78$ B;7$N:GG:L<9[$65ODQ$J7:JG7$N8:M$j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f``M:95DB78<4MA97B`M:M`.Z])'((2)'l(`?:GG7?B<:9`R$ >MK8:D<:Q$ .?;L58E2!<??<$ _$ j:[7G78Q$'()0+$596$6<D?4DD76$B;7$87D4GBD$5B$<9B7895B<:95G$?:9N7879?7D$&>MK8:D<:Q$'()%$ n4GOR$>MK8:D<:Q$'()%$Y?B:K78R$>MK8:D<:Q$'()0+A$.<M4GB597:4DGOQ$B;787$L5D$5$D48[7$:N$ G:?5G$<9B787DB$K:B;$<9$j<B4G59:$<BD7GN$596$B;8:4[;:4B$B;7$L;:G7$j<B4G59:$F5GG7OA$";7$5KK7O$ 6:M<95B7D$B;7$j<B4G59:$F5GG7O$596$648<9[$B;7$Z<66G7$>[7D$<B$;56$5$8:G7$5D$5$?79B78$:N$ J:G<B<?5GQ$ 7?:9:M<?$ 596$ ?4GB485G$ 5[[87[5B<:9A$ -96776Q$ B:65O$ <B$ <D$ DB<GG$ 87[58676$ KO$ G:?5G$ <9;5K<B59BD$5D$5$?:GG7?B<F7$?4GB485G$87N7879?7$J:<9BA$.4KD7\479BGOQ$?G758$D<[9D$:N$<9B787DB$ L787$6<DJG5O76$KO$B;7$G:?5G$?:49?<G$596$DJ:9B597:4DGO$KO$<9;5K<B59BD$596$G:?5G$?4GB485G$ 5DD:?<5B<:9DA$-$L5D$[<F79$;:9:858O$?<B<E79D;<J$:N$j<B4G59:R$B;7$8:56$[:<9[$4J$B:$B;7$5KK7OQ$ L;<?;$ ;56$ 5GM:DB$ K779$ 5K596:976Q$ L5D$ 87D48N5?76R$ B;787$ L5D$ 5GD:$ 59$ <9?875D7$ <9$ B;7$ 94MK78$:N$[4<676$B:48D$B:$B;7$58?;7:G:[<?5G$D<B7Q$596$5$6:?4M79B58O$5K:4B$B;7$5KK7O$L5D$ M567A$-$875G<E76$B;5B$?875B<9[$5$F<8B45G$?:GG7?B<:9$L5D$;5F<9[$5$875G$<MJ5?B$:9$B;7$G<F7D$:N$ J7:JG7$<9$B;7$j<B4G59:$F5GG7OA$ ";7$M:DB$<MJ:8B59B$[:5G$L5D$59:B;78$:97f$B;7$?<B<E79D$:N$j<B4G59:$;5F7$?:M7$?G:D78$B:$ 5$J<7?7$:N$B;7<8$;<DB:8O$596$<679B<BO$,$B;7<8$5KK7O$596$B;7<8$6:?4M79BD$,Q$D77<9[$B;7M$N8:M$ :B;78$J78DJ7?B<F7DQ$K4B$B;7O$;5F7$5GD:$49678DB::6$B;5B$B;<D$J<7?7$:N$;<DB:8O$?59$67D78F7$ ?587$596$<9B787DBQ$7F79$5K8:56Q$5D$<B$<D$J58B$:N$5$L<678Q$U48:J759$?4GB485G$;78<B5[7A$ $ \9#(\272+9#R/#(72$+1?$ $

! $ '%$ -9$'()%$B;7$<9;5K<B59BD$:N$B;7$F5GG7O$;56$B;7$:JJ:8B49<BO$B:$5GD:$4D7$B;7$:B;78$JG5BN:8M$ L7$587$<9F:GF76$<9f$":J:B;7\47A$$ >$ M:87$ 87?79B$ ?875B<:9$ B;59$ Z:95DB78<4MQ$ B;7$ ":J:B;7\47$ J:8B5G$ <D$ 5<M76$ M:87$ DJ7?<N<?5GGO$ 5B$ <9F:GF<9[$ B;7$ [79785G$ J4KG<?A$ >$ B:J:B;7\47$ <D$ 5$ F<8B45G$ ?:GG7?B<:9$ :N$ ?:9B7MJ:858O$J;:B:[85J;D$&'(B;2')B;$?79B48<7D+$?:9?789<9[$5$D<9[G7$G:?5G<BO$&;79?7$B;7$ 95M7+$ 596$ :L976$ KO$ J8<F5B7$ <96<F<645GDA$ -B$ ?59$ 5GD:$ <9?G467$ D;:8B$ N<GMD`F<67:D$ 596$ M4GB<M76<5$ N<G7D$ 596$ ?:9B5<9D$ DB5B72:N2B;7258B$ <967c<9[$ 596$ [7:287N7879?<9[$ B::GDA$ -B$ <D$ J:DD<KG7$B:$B5[$67B5<GDQ$:Kv7?BDQ$8:56D$596$J7:JG7$B:$5GG:L$L<678$5??7DD$596$B:$[7:B5[$B;7$ J;:B:D$ KO$ <9?G46<9[$ B;7$ J78DJ7?B<F7$ 59[G7$ N8:M$ L;787$ B;7$ J;:B:[85J;$ L5D$ B5=79A$ #:L7F78Q$65B5$<D$9:B$79B7876$KO$<96<F<645G$4D78D$K4B$KO$B:J:B;7\47$=77J78D$&@<[A$'+A$";787$ 587$ 5$ M5c<M4M$ :N$ l$ =77J78D$ N:8$ 75?;$ B:J:B;7\47A$ ";7O$ 5?B$ 5D$ <9B78M76<58<7D$ L<B;$ B;7$ ?:MM49<BO$B;5B$J8:F<67D$B;7$J;:B:D$596$B;7O$:NB79$<9B78F797$<9$B;7$D7G7?B<:9$:N$J;:B:DA$ UcB79D<F7$<9F:GF7M79B$:N$4D78D$B5=7D$JG5?7$4D<9[$5$DJ7?<N<?$:9G<97$B::G$L;<?;$?59$K7$4D76$ B:$ 5D=$ \47DB<:9D$ 596$ J8:F<67$ N776K5?=$ 5K:4B$ B;7$ J;:B:[85J;D$ &@5G?:97$ _$ Z<[G<:EE<Q$ '()%+A$$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ @<[A$'$":J:B;7\47f$B;7$<9B78N5?7$ $ ":[7B;78$L<B;$p@5[4DA$"788<B:8<$<9$?87D?<B5XQ$5$G:?5G$5DD:?<5B<:9$B;5B$B5=7D$59$5?B<F7$J58B$ <9$ D:M7$ :N$ B;7$ 5?B<F<B<7D$ :N$ B;7$ ?:f:J2J8:v7?B$ &;BBJf``LLLA?::J249<95A:8[`B:J:B;7\472 49<952N5[4D2?:GG5K:85B<:9`+Q$ L7$ ;5F7$ ;7GJ76$ D7BB<9[$ 4J$ 5$ B:J:B;7\47$ :N$ B;7$ j<B4G59:$ F5GG7O$&;BBJf``F<B4G59:AB:J:B7=5A97B`+$596$:8[59<E76$59$7F79B$79B<BG76$pm8<9[$O:48$#<DB:8OX$ &.?;<5F:97Q$'()V+A$";<D$<D$5$J4KG<?$:JJ:8B49<BO$N:8$B;7$G:?5G$?:MM49<BO$B:$K8<9[$B;7<8$ :L9$87?:86D$596$;<DB:8<?5G$7F<679?7A$$ ";7$5DD:?<5B<:9$;5D$?:GG7?B76$J;:B:D$N8:M$B;7$J:J4G5B<:9$596$;5D$6<DJG5O76$B;7M$<9$59$ 7c;<K<B<:9Q$ M58=<9[$ B;7$ :J79<9[$ :N$ B;7$ G:?5G$ 58B$ [5GG78OA$ ";7$ J4KG<?$ B;79$ 5BB79676$ 5$ M77B<9[$L;787$B;7O$L787$5D=76$B:$B5=7$J58B$<9$79B78<9[$65B5$:9G<97$596$<9$566<9[$B5[DA$ Z7MK78D$ :N$ B;7$ J4KG<?$ B5G=76$ 5K:4B$ B;7<8$ :L9$ J78D:95G$ M7M:8<7DQ$ M7M:8<7D$ :N$ :B;78$ J7:JG7Q$ JG5?7DQ$ N7DB<F5GD$ 596$ B856<B<:9D$ B;5B$ ;5F7$ F<8B45GGO$ 6<D5JJ75876$ 596$ L;<?;$ 587$ J:8B85O76$<9$B;7$J;:B:[85J;DA$.7F785G$7G678GO$J7:JG7$7F79$;4MM76$D:9[D$<9$6<5G7?B$B;5B$ 5GM:DB$ 9:$ :97$ ?:4G6$ 87M7MK78A$ ZO$ [8:4J$ 596$ -$ 9:B76$ ;:L$ B;7<8$ DB:8<7D$ 977676$ B:$ K7$ B48976$<9B:$87G<5KG7$M7B565B5$L;<?;$?59$J8:F<67$59$58?;<F5G$596$;<DB:8<?5G$?:9B7cB$N:8$B;7$ J;:B:DQ$B;59=D$B:$B;7$5JJG<?5B<:9$:N$DB596586D$&-.>T&]+Q$'(((+$596$B;59=D$B:$B;7$;7GJ$:N$ >995$@4[[<Q$59$58?;<F<DB$L;:$5?B76$5D$B;7$B:J:B;7\47$=77J78A$ !

!

$ 'V$

";787N:87$ :L<9[$ B:$ B;7$ B:J:B;7\47$ B;7$ ?<B<E79D$ :N$ j<B4G59:$ ;5F7$ G758976$ <MJ:8B59B$ G7DD:9DA$ ";7O$ ;5F7$ N7GB$ DB8:9[GO$ B;5B$ J58B$ :N$ B;7<8$ ;<DB:8OQ$ <9$ B;<D$ ?5D7$ B;7$ <9B59[<KG7$ ;78<B5[7$:N$B;7$G:?5G$?:MM49<BOQ$<D$J58B$:N$59$<9B7895B<:95G$?:9B7c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cJ87DD$B;7<8$N77G<9[D$ :N$ K7G:9[<9[$ B:$ F<8B45G$ JG5?7D$ L;<?;$ 587$ 9:L$ :9G<97Q$ 5G:9[D<67$ J;OD<?5G$ JG5?7Df$ B;7$ ?:GG7?B<:9$:9$Z:95DB78<4M$596$B;7$B:J:B;7\47$:9$":J:B;7\47Q$L;<?;$87N78$B:$J58?;M79B$ 6:?4M79BDQ$ J7:JG7Q$ B856<B<:9DQ$ 596$ L:86D$ L;<?;$ ;5F7$ J58BGO$ K779$ G:DBA$ /:B;<9[$ 7c?7JB<:95G$4J$B<GG$9:LA$";7D7$F<8B45G$JG5?7D$587$D<B45B76$<9$G58[7$F<8B45G$-/$27#1*$DJ5?7D$ ,$ B;7$ J:8B5GD$ ,$ 798<?;76$ KO$ D<M<G58$ 7cJ78<79?7DA$ ";<D$ F<8B45G$ 596$ ?:GG7?B<F7$ DJ5?7$ <D$ B;787N:87$ 9:B$ :9GO$ 5F5<G5KG7$ :9$ B;7$ t7KQ$ K4B$ <D$ 5GD:$ 5$ U48:J759$ J;79:M79:9A$ ";7$ <9;5K<B59BD$:N$B;7$j<B4G59:$F5GG7O$;5F7$5GL5OD$K779$5L587$:N$B;<DA$";7$?:9B8<K4B<:9D$:9$ B;7$J8:v7?BXD$D:?<5G$97BL:8=$J87D79?7DQ$D4?;$5D$@5?7K::=Q$596$B;7$7M5<GD$D79B$B:$4D$KO$B;7$ G:?5G$J:J4G5B<:9$?G758GO$87NG7?B$B;7$J8<67$:N$B5=<9[$B;7<8$:L9$;<DB:8O$596$M7M:8<7D$<9B:$59$ <9B7895B<:95G$?:9B7cBA$";59=D$B:$5$J:8B5GQ$B;7$875?B<:9$:N$B;7$<9;5K<B59BD$:N$j<B4G59:$6:7D$ 9:B$v4DB$M759$J5DD<F7GO$?:9D78F<9[$J5DB$F5G47D$K4B$N77G<9[$J58B$:N$D:M7B;<9[$B;5B$[:7D$ K7O:96$B;7$F5GG7OQ$B;7$D79D5B<:9$:N$K7<9[$U48:J759$?<B<E79DA$";<D$:4[;B$B:$K7$5$?54D7$N:8$ 87NG7?B<:9$K7?54D7$<B$M5O$[:$K7O:96$B;7$:Kv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m4B$<9$6:<9[$B;7D7$5?B<F<B<7DQ$L7$;5F7$875G<E76$B;5B$L7$?59$5GD:$5?;<7F7$D:M7B;<9[$7GD7Q$ B;7$DB879[B;79<9[$:N$:48$=9:LG76[7$:N$;<DB:8OQ$:N$B;7$<679B<BO$:N$B;7$?<B<E79D$596$:N$B;7<8$ 5L58797DD$ :N$ K7<9[$ U48:J759$ ?<B<E79DA$ ";7$ D;58<9[$ :9$ B;7$ L7K$ :N$ B;7D7$ ;<DB:8<?5G$ 6:?4M79BD$,$F78<B5KG7$F7;<?G7D$:N$M7M:8O$,$?59$G756$B:$B;7$?:9DB84?B<:9$:N$5$D;5876$J5DB$ N:8$U48:J7$<9$D758?;$:N$<BD$:L9$;<DB:8OQ$?4GB487$596$<679B<BO$&/:<87BQ$'())Q$JA$)%+A$t;<G7$ L7$L5<B$N:8$5$U48:J759$<679B<BO$B:$K7?:M7$5$J:D<B<F7$N:8?7$B:L586D$J:G<B<?5G$49<BO$<9$B;7$ N4B487Q$ -$ K7G<7F7$ B;5B$ <9B7895B<:95G$ J:8B5GD$ :N$ ;<DB:8<?5G$ 6:?4M79BD$ ;5F7$ 5GD:$ M567$ 5$ ?:9B8<K4B<:9$B:$B;<D$N4B487A$ $ $ !0J010280?$$ ! ><[978Q$"A$&'()(+A$Z:95DB78<4MA97B$,$T:?4M79B<$U48:J7<$:9G<97A$=$09&'&Q$f&'+Q$)'k2)'0A$ $

!

$ '0$

>MK8:D<:Q$ >A$ &'()(+A$ -G$ J8:[7BB:$ Z:95DB78<4M$ <9$ -B5G<5f$ G7$ J8<M7$ 7DJ78<79E7$ 5$ /5J:G<A$

=$09&'&Q$f&'+Q$)'*2)1%A$

$

>MK8:D<:Q$ >A$ &'())+A$ ":L586D$ B;7$ ?875B<:9$ :N$ 5$ G7589<9[$ 79F<8:9M79B$ L<B;<9$ B;7$ M:95DB78<4M$J8:v7?Bf$B75?;<9[$7cJ78<79?7D$:N$6<JG:M5B<?DG$-9$"A$><[978Q$.A$#:;79K84?=Q$ "A$n4DBQ$_$nA$y7MJ78$&U6DA+Q$=$09&'#(&"(d#AG(-$819$/*;#*H(]#$1/%82$.#$/*;#*H(C&%&2*#*$ `$ >$09&'#%( 2*( +9#( d#AG( -K7#$&#*0#%( @91??#*;#%( C&%&2*%$ &JJA$ '(k2')l+Q$ .BA$ ^~GB79f$ T<~E7D5958?;<F$.BA$^~GB79A$

$

>MK8:D<:Q$ >A$ &'()'+A$ -9D7[9587$ G5$ 6<JG:M5B<?5$ ?:9$ G7$ 94:F7$ B7?9:G:[<7A$ ^:B79E<5G<BI$ 7$ DJ49B<$6<$8<NG7DD<:97A$-9$^A$P;784K<9<Q$_$]A$/<?:G5v$&U6DA+Q$6&+(?&A#$(;$1+/%H(R/#"(%#$'/?/%(

#%+(27#$1+/%[(%+/.&(&*(2*2$#(.&(=?#%%1*.$2(D$1+#%&(7#$(&?(%/2(abi(02"7?#1**2(&j:GA$'Q$JJA$

)k)l2)k'%+Q$ P<BBI$ 67G$ j5B<?59:f$ .?4:G5$ F5B<?595$ 6<$ J5G7:[85N<5Q$ 6<JG:M5B<?5$ 7$ 58?;<F<DB<?5A$

$

>MK8:D<:Q$ >A$ &U6A+$ &'()k+A$ W7$ J78[5M797$ 67GGX5KK5E<5$ 6<$ .A$ Z58<5$ 67GG5$ ]8:BB5$ 6<$ j<B4G59:$&m/+A$.7??A$-2--H(m5BB<J5[G<5$&.5G789:+f$W5F7[G<5$_$P58G:97A$ $ >MK8:D<:Q$ >A$ &'()1+A$ "859D95B<:95G$ j<8B45G$ W7589<9[$ P:MM49<B<7D$ 596$ #<DB:8<?5G$ T:?4M79BDQ$-9$ZA$nA$.5G5M5?5$W•J7EQ$_$PA$#A$>8B5E5$&U6DA+Q$!**2'10&j*(.&.k0+&01(1?( %#$'&0&2(.#?(.20#*+#(,(7$28#%&2*1?(#*(@&#*0&1%(520/"#*+1?#%(&JJA$'*2k*+H$W<M5f$!UTUZA$ $

>MK8:D<:Q$ >A$ &'()%Q$ n4GO+A( 62/+9#$*( !+1?,( &*( +9#( _2$"1*( 1*.( 6+1/8#*( D#$&2.%H( !!![(

520/"#*+%( 1*.( 5&;&+1?( \#09*2?2;&#%A$ .7DD<:9$ :8[59<E76$ 5B$ B;7$ W776D$ -9B7895B<:95G$

Z76<7F5G$P:9[87DDQ$-9DB<B4B7$N:8$Z76<7F5G$.B46<7D$:N$W776DQ$W776DA$$ $ >MK8:D<:Q$>A$&'()%Q$Y?B:K78+A$N1("1$01+/$1(#(?#(82$"#(.#&(.20/"#*+&(7$&'1+&("#.&#'1?&( *#??P!+1?&1("#$&.&2*1?#G(NP#.&M&2*#(.&;&+1?#(.#??#(01$+#(.#??P1AA1M&1(.&(6G(L1$&1(&*(B$/7+&%( .&( C&+/?1*2A$ ^5J78$ J87D79B76$ 5B$ B;7$ ?:9[87DD$ W5$ 76<?<•9$ 6<JG:M–B<?5$ 67G$ 6:?4M79B:$ 9:B58<5G$ O$ ?:9?7v<G$ 79$ G5$ 785$ 6<[<B5G$ `$ ";7$ .?;:G58GO$ U6<B<:9$ :N$ /:B58<5G$ 596$ Z49<?<J5G$ P;58B78D$<9$B;7$T<[<B5G$>[7Q$H9<F78D<BO$6<$YF<76:$596$T<<"Q$>F<GoDQ$.J5<9A$ $

>MK8:D<:Q$ >A$ &'()0+A$ T<[<B5G$ P8<B<?5G$ U6<B<:9D$ :N$ Z76<7F5G$ T:?4M79BD$ :9$ Z:95DB78<4MA/7BA$ -9$ NPl.&+&2*( #*( ?&;*#( .#( .20/"#*+%( .P1$09&'#%( "l.&l'1/K[( #*e#/KH(

"l+92.2?2;&#(#+(.l8&%Q$@2??2R/#(&*+#$*1+&2*1?J@#*+$#(.#(F#09#$09#()*&'#$%&+1&$#(N2$$1&*( .P]&%+2&$#( m@F)N]n( .#( _1*0,( m_1*0,H( aJWb( V/*#( ZbWYnQ$ >B7G<78$ 67$ 87?;78?;7$ D48$ G7D$

B7cB7D$Mo6<oF54cA$"489;:4Bf$m87J:GDA$Z594D?8<JB$D4KM<BB76$N:8$J4KG<?5B<:9A$$ $

>MK8:D<:Q$ >AQ$ ><7GG:Q$ ]AQ$ _$ @5G?:97Q$ ZA$ !A$ &'()'+A$ ";7$ -?584D$ T<65?B<?D$ ]8:4JA$ >$ ?;5GG79[7$:N$B75?;<9[$M7B;:6$:N$T<JG:M5B<?DQ$^5G57:[85J;O$596$Z76<7F5G$#<DB:8OA$-9$ZA$ Z:=8O—Q$ _$ >A$ W<7D=:FD=˜$ &U6DA+Q$ =F6=( ZbWZG( D$20##.&*;%( &*( =.'1*0#.( F#%#1$09( &*(

60&#*+&8&0(=$#1%[(\9#(W%+(C&$+/1?(!*+#$*1+&2*1?(@2*8#$#*0#(&JJA$V()2V(l+Q$™<G<95f$UT-.A$

$

>MK8:D<:Q$>AQ$.?;L58E2!<??<Q$jA$-AQ$_$j:[7G78Q$]A$&U6D+$&'()0+A$NP#.&M&2*#(.&;&+1?#(.#&(

.20/"#*+&(.#??O1AA1M&1(.&(6G(L1$&1(.#??1(B$2++1(.&(C&+/?1*2(mI_nG(6#0G(X!!!G(-.&M&2*#(1( %+1"71(&?:9$G7$76<E<:9<$6<$>A$>MK8:D<:Q$]A$>85G6<Q$ZA$!A$@5G?:97Q$^A$Z5DD5Q$jA$.?;L58E2

!

$ '*$

!<??<Q$ ZA$ UA$ j7967M<5Q$ ]A$ j:[7G78A$ m5BB<J5[G<5$ &.5G789:+f$ W5F7[G<5$ _$ P58G:97A$ Z594D?8<JB$<9$J87J585B<:9A$

$

>MK8:D<:Q$ >AQ$ .B8<59:Q$ ZAQ$ @8765Q$ PAQ$ @<:879B<9:Q$ .AQ$ _$ ><7GG:Q$ WA$ &'()'+A$ "75?;<9[$ T<JG:M5B<?D$<9$'A($t7K$U9F<8:9M79BDf$>9$-99:F5B<F7$UcJ78<79?7$B:$^8:M:B7$-9B785?B<:9$ >M:9[$ .B4679BD$ @8:M$ T<NN7879B$ P:49B8<7D$ 596$ t<B;$ T<NN7879B$ W7589<9[$ /776DA$ -9$ #A$ m7G6;4<D$&U6A+Q$D$20##.&*;%(28(+9#(WW+9(-/$27#1*(@2*8#$#*0#(2*(#JN#1$*&*;[(-@-N(&JJA$ )l2)*+Q(!756<9[f$>?567M<?$^4KG<D;<9[$-9B7895B<:95GA$

$

m8::=N<7G6Q$ .A$ &)*0k+A$ =./?+( N#1$*#$%H( =./?+( -./01+&2*( 1*.( +9#( @2""/*&+,Q$ Z<GB:9$ y7O97Df$YJ79$H9<F78D<BO$^87DDA$ $ m48=586Q$mA$&'((V+A$t<=<$[:7D$#4M59<B<7DA$y:GG5K:85B<F7$U8D?;G<7š49[$M<BB7G5GB78G<?;78$ H8=49679A$-9$nA$.B:?=<9[78Q$_$#A$W7<B978$&U6D+$&'((V+A$d&:&%(&"(620&1?(d#A(o(d&:&72%&/"( ZbbfpbY(&JJA$)k(2)11+A$t<79Af$›DB7887<?;<D?;7$P:MJ4B78$]7D7GGD?;5NBA$ $

m48=586Q$ mA$ &'((*+A$ U6<BZYZ$ 2$ 7<9$ DJ7E<5G<D<78B7D$ t78=E74[$ E48$ =:GG5K:85B<F79$ H8=496792U8D?;G<7š49[G$-9$]A$j:[7G78$&U6A+Q(5&;&+1?#(5&7?2"1+&:G(_#/#(\#09*2?2;&#*(&*(

.#$(9&%+2$&%09#*(=$A#&+("&+()$:/*.#*(&JJA$'ll2'V(+Q$y~G9f$m~;G54A$

m48=586Q$ mAQ$ j:[7G78Q$ ]AQ$ _$ ]84978Q$ .A$ &'((0+A$ -9N:8M5B<?D$ N:8$ ;<DB:8<59Df$ "::GD$ N:8$ M76<7F5G$6:?4M79B$ZW$M58=4JQ$596$B;7<8$<MJ5?B$:9$B;7$;<DB:8O2D?<79?7DA$V2/$*1?(28(

)*&'#$%1?(@2"7/+#$(60&#*0#Q$WE&'+Q$)*k2'()A$6:<f)(Ak')V`v4?D2()12('2()*k$

$

@5G?:97Q$ZA$!A$&'()1+A$-G$^8:[7BB:$U/>8PA$>BB<F<BI$6<65BB<?;7$<99:F5B<F7$7$?875E<:97$6<$ 58?;<F<$6<[<B5G<A$-9$@A$P<:BB<$&U6A+Q$5&;&+1?(]/"1*&+&#%[(7$2;#++&(&+1?&1*&(#.(#%7#$&#*M#(.&(

02*'#$;#*M1( "/?+&.&%0&7?&*1$#G( =++&( .#?( 02*'#;*2( 1**/1?#( .#??P=%%20&1M&2*#( 7#$( ?P!*82$"1+&01()"1*&%+&01(#(?1(@/?+/$1(5&;&+1?#(m=!)@5n(3&$#*M#H(W4JWE(.&0#"A$#(ZbWZ$ &JJA$'kl2'1%+A$!:M5f$.5J<79E5$H9<F78D<BI$U6<B8<?7A$6:<f)(A)k)kk`*V02002*0lkk2'V2l$ $ @5G?:97Q$ZA$!AQ$Z<[G<:EE<Q$>A$&'()%+Q$WS<9F79B58<:$67<$K79<$DB:8<?:258B<DB<?<$7$95B485G<$6<$ >9[78<:$ @<G59[<78<A$ H9$ 87?4J78:$ 67GG5$ M7M:8<5$ 5BB85F78D:$ G5$ J<5BB5N:8M5$ tUm$ ":J:B;7\47A$-9$>A$m788<9:Q$_$>A$m4??58:$&U6DA+Q$5#??&(=%7#++&(.#(D1#%&G(C#009&(#(*/2'&(

L#.&1( 7#$( ?O!""1;&*#( .#?( D1#%1;;&2( p( U?.( 1*.( _#<( L#.&1( 82$( +9#( !"1;#( 28( +9#( N1*.%017#$&j:GA$)Q$JJA$*'k2*k'+A$/5J:G<f$P-!-PUA$$

$

#7<9EQ$ yA$ &'((*+A$ Z:95DB78<4MA97Bf$ >4N$ 67M$ t7[$ E4$ 7<97M$ M<BB7G748:J‘<D?;79$ H8=49679J:8B5GA$ -9$ ]A$ j:[7G78$ &U6A+Q$ 5&;&+1?#( 5&7?2"1+&:G( _#/#( \#09*2?2;&#*( &*( .#$(

9&%+2$&%09#*(=$A#&+("&+()$:/*.#*$&J5[[A$V(2VV+Q$y~G9f$m~;G54A$ $ -.>T&]+f$[79785G$<9B7895B<:95G$DB596586$58?;<F5G$67D?8<JB<:9R$56:JB76$KO$B;7$P:MM<BB77$ :9$ T7D?8<JB<F7$ .B596586DQ$ .B:?=;:GMQ$ .L7679Q$ )*2''$ .7JB7MK78$ )***Q$ YBB5L5R$ -9B7895B<:95G$ P:49?<G$ :N$ >8?;<F7DR$ .7?:96$ 76<B<:9$ '(((A$ !7B8<7F76$ N8:M$ ;BBJDf``LLLA<?5A:8[`D<B7D`67N54GB`N<G7D`Pm^.w'(((w]4<67G<97Dw-.>Tœ'0]œ'*w.7?:9 6276<B<:9wU/AJ6N`$ $

!

$ k($

y85;Q$ >A$ &'((*+A$ Z:95DB78<4MA97B$ 2$ 65D$ F<8B47GG7$ H8=4967958?;<F$ U48:J5DA$ Z~[G<?;=7<B79$ 678$ m787<BDB7GG49[$ 496$ U8D?;G<7DD49[$ F:9$ H8=49679K7DB‘9679A$

=$09&'1?&%09#(^#&+%09$&8+Q$aWQ$'')2'1%A$

$

Z58D<?=Q$ jA$ nAQ$ _$ t5B=<9DQ$ yA$ &U6DA+$ &)**(+A$ !*82$"1?( 1*.( !*0&.#*+1?( N#1$*&*;( &*( +9#(

d2$:7?10#Q$/7L$s:8=f$!:4BG76[7A$

$

Z788<5MQ$ .A$ mAQ$ P5NN587GG5Q$ !A$ .AQ$ _$ m54M[58B978Q$ WA$ ZA$ &U6DA+$ &'((V+A$ N#1$*&*;( &*(

=./?+922.G(=(@2"7$#9#*%&'#(B/&.#$&k86$76A+Q$.59$@859?<D?:Q$P5G<NAf$n:DD7O2m5DDA$

$

/:<87BQ$.A$&'())+A$W5$^4KG<?$#<DB:8Of$495$6<D?<JG<95$N59B5DM5g$-9f$.A$/:<87B$&U6A+Q$D/A?&0(

]&%+2$,G( D$1+&09#( *1M&2*1?&( #( &.#*+&+q( ;?2A1?#A$ ^78$ 495$ @76785E<:97$ -9B7895E<:95G7$ 6<$ D/A?&0(]&%+2$,A$j:G4M7$:N$L#"2$&1(#(F&0#$01H$kVQ$*2k%A$6:<f)(Ak'0(`ZU!'())2(kV(('$

$

^5BBQ$ ]A$ &'()l+A$ @$2<.%2/$0&*;( A#&( )$:/*.#*( /*.( I$&#8#*G( r227#$1+&'#( -$%09?&#s/*;(

'2*( =?+A#%+t*.#*( &*( .#$( .&;&+1?#*( d#?+$ &"859DN782";7D<DQ$ 10B;_{$ ?:48D7Q$ >8?;<F7D$ .?;::G$}

Z58K48[Q$ Z58K48[Q$ ]78M59O+A$ !7B8<7F76$ N8:M$ ;BBJDf``LLLAG5967D58?;<F2 KLA67`D<c?MD`M76<5AJ;J`)'(`l0*(0`"859DN7858K7<B'()lw^5BBAJ6N$ $ .?;<5F:97Q$]A$&'()VQ$@7K8485O$'0+A$@8:M$j<B4G59:$B:$U48:J7f$J<?B487D$:N$59$5875$596$<BD$ N5M<G<7D$ :9$ B;7$ ":J:B;7\47$ J:8B5G$ mG:[$ J:DBžA$ !7B8<7F76$ N8:M$ ;BBJDf``?::JA;OJ:B;7D7DA:8[`?5B7[:8O`N8:M2F<B4G59:2B:2748:J72J<?B487D2:N2592587525962 N5M<G<7D2:92B:J:B;7\472J:8B5G`$ $ .:9[Q$TAQ$_$W77Q$nA$&'()1+A$#5D$t7K$'A($87F<B5G<E76$<9N:8M5G$G7589<9[g$";7$87G5B<:9D;<J$ K7BL779$t7K$'A($596$<9N:8M5G$G7589<9[A$V2/$*1?(28(@2"7/+#$(=%%&%+#.(N#1$*&*;Q$4b&%+Q$ l)),lkkA$6:<f)(A))))`v?5GA)'(l%$ $

j:[7G78Q$ ]A$ &'((1+A$ U<9$ .B596586$ N}8$ 6<7$ T<[<B5G<D<7849[$ M<BB7G5GB78G<?;78$ H8=49679A$ m78<?;B$ F:9$ 7<97M$ <9B7895B<:95G79$ t:8=D;:J$ <9$ Z}9?;79$ lA`%A$ >J8<G$ '((1A$ =$09&'( 8>$(

5&7?2"1+&:Q$l(Q$'k2k1A$-B5G<59$B859DG5B<:9$&'((1+f$H9:$DB596586$J78$G5$6<[<B5G<EE5E<:97$67<$ 6:?4M79B<$ M76<7F5G<$ ?:9$ ZWA$ P8:95?5$ 6<$ 49$ L:8=D;:J$ <9B7895E<:95G7f$ Z:95?:$ l2%$ 5J8<G7$'((1A$60$&*#/"(J(F&'&%+1Q$'A$;BBJf``6cA6:<A:8[`)(A)k)'0`.?8<974M2)')(1`$ $ $ ! $ $