2016
Publication Year
2020-05-25T14:06:43Z
Acceptance in OA@INAF
AGN Populations in GOODS-N Through eMERGE Ultra-Deep JVLA Observations
Title
GUIDETTI, DARIA; BONDI, MARCO; PRANDONI, ISABELLA; Beswick, R. J.; Muxlow, T. W. B.; et al. Authors 10.5281/zenodo.163594 DOI http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/25147 Handle
On b eh al f of: M . Bon d i, I. P ran d on i, R .J . Be sw ic k , T .W .B. M u xl ow , N . W rigl ey , I .R . S mai l, I. M cH ar d y, R . I vi son and th e e M ER G E col lab or ati on
D
ari
a G
ui
de
tti
Is
tit
ut
o di
Ra
di
oa
stronom
ia
-IN
A
F, Bol
ogna
A G N 12 , N apol i, 26 -29 S ept em be r, 2016AGN
popul
ati
ons
in G
O
O
D
S
-N
thr
ough
eM
E
R
GE
ul
tra
-de
ep
JV
L
A
obs
er
va
tions
M ul ti-! studi es of de ep ra di o fie lds show a c om pos ite fa int ra di o s our ce popul ati on à st ar for m ing ga la xi es , AGNs (ra di o loud & r adi o qui et) aaa F or S 1.4 G H z < 100 µJ y à st ar for m ing ga la xi es be gi n to dom ina te (e .g. M uxl ow + 05, S eym our + 08, M aini er i+ 08, S m ol čić + 09, P adova ni + 09 ,+ 11,+ 15 B onz ini + 13 … ) a m any RQ AGNs at µJ y flux de ns ity le ve ls Z~ 2
F
aint
ra
di
o s
our
ce
popul
ati
on
P adova ni +15 Ul tra -de ep hi gh re sol ut ion ra di o im agi ng (e xt inc tion fre e) im por ta nt for a c om pl ete ce ns us of al lAGNs A nc illa ry da ta a re c ruc ia lf or c la ss ifyi ng ra di o sour ce as A G N /st ar for m ing ga la xi esA
ve
ry de
ep di
re
cte
d s
ur
ve
y of
the
µJ
y
ra
di
o s
our
ce
popul
ati
on i
n
GOODS
-N
m
or
phol
ogi
ca
lly a
nd s
pe
ctr
all
y i
de
nt
ifi
ca
tion of
A
G
N
s &
S
F
gs
up
to z
~5
400
hr
s
eM
ERLIN
+ J
V
L
A
@
1.4 G
H
z
378
hr
s
eM
ERLIN
+J
V
L
A
@
5 G
H
z
(PI
P
ra
ndoni
)
re
sol
ut
ion
50
-2000 m
as
(
0.5
-te
ns
of
kpc
at
z
>1)
w
ith 0.5
-1
µJ
y/b
rms
anc
ill
ar
y c
ove
ra
ge
of
G
O
O
D
S
-N
f
rom
r
adi
o t
o X
-ray
5
G
H
z J
V
L
A
A
/B s
urve
y
[c
om
pl
ete
]
(G
ui
de
tti
+
I &
II i
n pre
p)
1.4 G
H
z J
V
L
A
-A
(39
hrs
)
[c
om
pl
ete
]
(O
w
en+
in
pre
p)
1.4 G
H
z (20 da
ys
, 15% da
ta
re
duc
ed) &
5 G
H
z e
M
E
RL
IN
(Q
1 2017)
T
he
e
M
E
RG
E
surve
y
eME
R
L
IN
G
al
ax
y
E
vol
ut
ion
sur
ve
y
5 P
I P
R
A
N
D
O
N
I
St
at
us
G
oal
H
ow
P I M uxl ow , S m ail & M cH ar dy a nd 60 C O -is f rom 9 c ount rie sGOODS
-N 5.5 GH
Z
JV
L
A
MO
S
A
IC
7-poi
nt
ing
m
os
aic
in G
O
O
D
S
-N
(m
atc
hi
ng
the
5 G
H
z e
-MERLIN
F
oV
)
14+2 hour
s i
n
A
rra
y
A
&
B
[
P
I:
M
uxl
ow
]
(Oct
2012 &
Oct
. 2013)
C
ent
ra
l f
re
que
nc
y
5.5 G
H
z , 2 G
H
z
ba
ndw
idt
h
0.5
arcs
ec
re
sol
ut
ion
, ~1
µJ
y
rms
at
ce
nt
er
(
1 s
igm
a)
50 % a re a rm s < 3 µJyà
15
ar
cm
in
di
am
ete
r
fi
eld
94 sourc es (S /N >5) at d <7 arc m in
S
5. 5G H z > 6 µJy 50% 10<S
5. 5G H z < 30 µJy 88% se cure N IR count erpa rt s w ithi n <0.5 ” (< 24.45 Ks ,AB mag , W ang+ 10) 95% w ith re ds hi ft s (e .g. M om che va + 16, S ke lton+ 14) F irs t c ont our @ 3 σ 10 kpc 20 kpc 10 kpc5.5 G
H
z c
ata
logue
m edi an si ze ~ 0.4 ar cs ec (~ 3 kpc at z = 1.3 )z
me d ~1.3 All P hot 50% 10< S 5.5G H z < 30 µJ yA
nc
ill
ar
y
GOODS
-N
da
ta
R
ad
io
:
1.4 G
H
z V
L
A
(M or ris on+ 10) ,1.6 G
H
z V
L
B
I
(C hi + 13, R adc lif fe + 15 )F
ar
-IR:
H
er
sc
he
lP
A
C
S
&
S
P
IR
E
(E lba z+ 11 , M agne lli + 13 )Mi
d
-IR
:
S
pi
tz
er
IR
A
C
&
M
IP
S
(W ang+ 10, M agne lli + 11,+ 13)N
IR
:
C
F
H
T
/ S
uba
ru
(W ang+ 10, K aji sa w a+ 11)X
-r
ay
:
C
ha
ndr
a
(X ue + 16 )M
ul
ti-"
cla
ss
ifi
ca
tion of
5.5 G
H
z s
our
ce
s
R
E
A
G
N
s
à
#44
●
MIR c ol our s of r ed pa ss ive ga la xi es R adi o e xc es s q q 100 (log [ S 100µ m /S 1.4G H z ]) < 1.5 (D el M or o+ 13) S 10 S 100µ m = 1m Jy ( 3 s igm a) f or uppe r l im its at le as t by 1 of the I R cc pl ot L x [ 2-7 ke V ] > 10 42 erg/ s or L x [0.2 -7 ke V ] > 3× 10 42 erg/ s (for ha rd X -ra y upp limits )RI
AG
Ns
à
#16
●
S
F
gs
à
#17
●
S our ce s not s ele cte d a s A G N by a ny c rit eri a ● 44 RE A G N s ● 16 R I A G N s ● 17 S F gs D onl ey+ 12 M es sia s+ 12 K irkpa tri ck+ 12,+ 13L
ook f
or
nuc
le
ar
ac
tivi
ty
in t
he
5.5 G
H
z s
our
ce
s, by
appl
yi
ng
m
ul
ti-"
AGN
se
le
cti
on
cr
iter
ia
:
4 I
R
c
ol
ou
r
col
ou
r
p
lot
s, X
-r
ay
lu
m
in
os
ity
, r
ad
io
exc
es
s
à
cla
ss
ifi
ca
tion
as
RE
AGNs
, R
I AGNs
, s
ta
r f
or
m
ing
ga
la
xi
es
R
E
A
G
N
s
à
#44
●
MIR c ol our s of r ed pa ss ive ga la xi es R adi o e xc es s q q 100 (log [ S 100µ m /S 1.4G H z ]) < 1.5 (D el M or o+ 13) S 10 S 100µ m = 1m Jy ( 3 s igm a) f or uppe r l im its at le as t by 1 of the I R cc pl ot s L x [ 2-7 ke V ] > 10 42 erg/ s L x [0.2 -7 ke V ] > 3× 10 42 erg/ s (for ha rd X -ra y upp limits )RI
AG
Ns
à
#16
●
S
F
gs
à
#17
●
S our ce s not s ele cte d a s A G N by a ny c rit eri a ● 44 RE A G N s ● 16 R I A G N s ● 17 S F gs D onl ey+ 12 M es sia s+ 12 K irkpa tri ck+ 13M
ul
ti-"
cla
ss
ifi
ca
tion of
5.5 G
H
z s
our
ce
s
AGNs
SFg
al
l
AGN
cont
ent
in t
he
5.5 G
O
O
D
S
-N
ca
ta
logue
78% of the c la ss ifi ed µ Jy ra di o s our ce s a re ra di o A G N s! 90% at z > 1.5 ! ! R eli abi lity: H ow m any AGNs ar e re al? aaaaaaaa ● 44 R E A G N s ▲ 16 R I A G N s ■ 17 S F gs A G N s a t a ll f lux de ns itie s, r eds hi fts , a nd 5.5 G H z lum inos itie s aaa 3 S F gs at z > 1.5 a re ide nt ifi ed a s s ub -m m ga la xi es by B arge r+ 12 • 9 R E A G N s on t he ba sis of the L x onl y • L IR from I R S E D fi tti ng (G ui de tti + , pa pe r I I i n pr ep ) + Lx -L IR for S F gs by S ym eoni di s+ 14 à SF ac count s j us t f or a f ew % of the X -ra y e m iss ion i n RE -A G N s à no s igni fic ant c ont am ina tion f rom S F gs in t he AGN fra cti onR
adi
o
pr
ope
rti
es
:a
ngul
ar
siz
e
and
spe
ctr
al
inde
x
z~ 1.3 z~ 0.5 10 kpc 10 kpc 5.5 G H z a ngul ar si ze for z <1.5 sourc es 1.4 -5.5 G H z s pe ctra la na lys is (1.4 G H z from V L A da ta , M or ris on e t a l. 2010 ) limited to 0.8” 0.3” 10 kpc 10 kpc 10 kpc 10 kpcS
# # -$ 0 .2 0 .7 RE AGNSFg
M edi an S pe ctr al inde x (α
) AGNs ha ve m or e c om pa ct r adi o em iss ion tha n S F gs a S F gs ha ve st ee p spe ctr um ext ende d on ga la cti c sc ale a RE AGNs ha ve spe ctr a si m ila r to thos e of S F gs à SF -re la te d em iss ion ? a RI AGNs show fl at/ inve rte d spe ctr um a fe w S F gs w ith fl at spe ctr a m edi an % RI AGNz
0.5
sour ce s w ith si ze < 1 ar cs ec (#61) 5.5 G H z co nto ur s/ HS T I b an d ima geS
ele
cti
on e
ffe
cts
?
SFg , 0. 8” si ze 10 kpc 5.5 G H z co nto ur s/ HS T I band im age 10 kpc 10 kpc RE A G N 0. 3” si ze z~ 0.5 V er y la rge pr es enc e of AGNs in our GOODS -N ca ta logue of the µJ y ra di o s our ce popul ati on q < -> 1.4 G H z se le cte d sa m pl es by e.g S eym our + 08 P adova ni + 11, 13,+ 15 et c, w ith si m ila r m ul ti-! ana lys is q S ele cti on ef fect s due to our sub -ar cs ec re sol ut ion & hi gh fre que nc y obs erva tions ? à A re we fa vour ing com pa ct A G N sour ce s and m iss ing di ffus e and ext ende d ar cs ec sc ale e m iss ion of S F gs ? q A na lys is of r adi o se le cte d sa m pl es w ith m ul tipl e fre que nc y& re sol ut ion but com pa ra bl e de pt h in G O O D S -N (G ui de tti+ , pa pe r II i n pr ep )S
um
m
ar
y
Ul tra -de ep GOODS -N ca ta logue at 5.5 G H z w ith s ub -ar cs ec re sol ut ion aa M ul ti-ba nd A G N di agnos tic to qua nt ify the A G N c ont ent AGNs dom ina te the r adi o s our ce c ata logue (80% ) at al lf lux de ns itie s and re ds hi fts RE & R I AGNs ha ve m or e c om pa ct r adi o em iss ion tha n S F gs RE AGNs and S F gs ha ve si m ila r st ee p ra di o spe ctr a, R I AGNs ha ve fl at/ inve rte d spe ctr a 30% R E AGNs w ith r adi o exc es s, 15% V L B I de te cte d aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa C om pa ra tive a na lys is of r adi o se le cte d sa m pl es w ith m ul tipl e f re que nc y& re sol ut ion but com pa ra bl e de pt h is ne ede d (gui de tti+ , pa pe r II i n pr ep ) pa th for pl anne d S K A & pr ec ur sor s sur ve ys w ith com pa ra bl e de pt h ove r m uc h ext ende d ar easIR
c
la
ss
ifi
ca
tion
of
the
5.5 G
H
z s
our
ce
s
10 kpc z~1 10 kpc z~ 0.8 10 kpc 10 kpc z~ 0.9 10 kpc z~ 0.4 5 IR CC cri te ri a by S te rn+05 (IRA C), D onl ey+12 (IRA C), K irkpa tri ck+12 (IRA C, F ar-IR), M es sia s+12 (Ks , IRA C) 4-IRA C ba nds phot om etry for 90% (74/ 82) of t he Ks -ide nt ifi ed sourc es (W ang+10) Fa r-IR H ers che lphot om etry for 79% (65/ 82) (E lba z+1 1) Lacy+07 D onl ey+12 K irkpat ri ck + 12 p as sive Sfg , S B , s p ir al D onl ey+ 12 ■ 36 AGN ca ndi da te s (se le cte d by at leas t1 I R c rit eri um ) ▲ 14 c andi da te pa ss ive e llipt ic als ● 24 SF/ com p sys te m s■
142 R E AGNs ▲ 34 RI AGNs ● 86 SF/ hyb sys te m s ~35%■
44 R E AGNs ▲ 15 RI A G N ● 18 SF/ hyb sys te m s ~20%1.4 G
H
z se
le
cte
d
sa
m
pl
e
5 .5 G H z sel ec ted sou rc es 1 .4 G H z sel ec ted sou rc es]
~65 %]
~80 % a la rge r fra cti on of S F /H yb and st ee p spe ctr a (84% ßà 49% at 5.5 G H z ) but AGNs st ill dom ina te from V L A c ata logue (1.7” F W H M M or ris on+ 10) 300 1.4 G H z s our ce s se le cte d in t he sa m e are a of our 5.5G H z m os aic (99% 20 µ Jy> S 1.4G H z > 1m Jy )4
IR
c
ol
our
-c
ol
our
pl
ot
s (
N
IR
->
F
IR
)
qua sa r m ode AGNs , pa ss ive ( ra di o m ode ), s ta r f or m ing ga la xi esL
x-ra yqua
sa
r m
ode
AGNs
ra
di
o
exc
es
s
sour
ce
s
(D el M or o+ 13)ra
di
o
A
G
N
(
R
M
&
Q
M
)
V
L
BI
de
te
cti
ons
ra
di
o
A
G
N
(
R
M
&
Q
M
)
AGN
cont
ent
of
the
5.5
GHz
ca
ta
logue
S
am
pl
es
of
qua
sa
r/r
adi
o m
ode
AGNs
and s
ta
r f
or
m
ing
ga
la
xi
es
AG N s SFg al l
AGN
cont
ent
in t
he
5.5 G
O
O
D
S
-N
ca
ta
logue
78% of the c la ss ifi ed µ Jy ra di o s our ce s a re ra di o A G N s! 90% at z > 1.5 ! ! no s igni fic ant c ont am ina tion f rom S F gs in t he A G N f ra cti on à jus t a f ew % of S F re la te d X -ra y e m iss ion, vi a X -ra y/ opt ic al r ati o & Lx -L IR for S F gs ( S ym eoni di s+ 14) ● 44 R E A G N s ▲ 16 R I A G N s ■ 17 S F gs A G N s dom ina te a t a ll f lux de ns itie s, r eds hi fts and L 5.5G H z 3 S F gs at z > 1.5 a re s ub -m m ga la xi es (B arge r+ 12)IR
c
la
ss
ifi
ca
tion
of
the
5.5 G
H
z s
our
ce
s
■
35 R
E
AGNs
(45%
)
▲
15
pa
ss
ive
->
R
I AGNs
(20%
)
●
27
SF/
hyb
sys
te
m
s
35%
4 IR CC cr iter ia D onl ey+ 12 (IR A C ) K irkpa tri ck+ 12 (IR A C , 24 µm , 100µ m , 250µ m ) M es sia s+ 12 (Ks -ba nd, IR A C ) 3 a cc ount f or re ds hi ft evol ut ion 94% (77/ 83) I R -cl as sif ied sour ce s 93% (77/ 83) of the NI R -ide nt ifi ed sour ce s w ith 4-IR A C ba nds da ta (W ang+ 10) 78% (65/ 83) M IR , F IR H ers che l+ P E P da ta (E lba z+ 11, M agne lli + 13) D onl ey+12 Lacy+07R
adi
o
pr
ope
rti
es
:a
ngul
ar
siz
e
and
spe
ctr
al
inde
x
z~ 1.3 z~ 0.5 10 kpc 10 kpc 5.5 G H z a ngul ar si ze for z<1.5 sourc es 1.4 -5.5 G H z s pe ctra la na lys is (1.4 G H z from V L A da ta , M or ris on e t a l. 2010 ) S pe ctra la na lys is limited to sourc es w ith si ze <1 arc se c (#61) (~ 8 kpc @ z=1 ) m edi an % 0.8” 0.3” 10 kpc 10 kpc 10 kpc 10 kpcS
# # -$ M ed ia n Sp ec tra lin d ex 0 .4 0 .7 RE AG Ns RI AG Ns S F gs M or e c om pa ct r adi o em iss ion in R E & R I AGNs tha n in S F gs a RE AGNs and S F gs ha ve si m ila r st ee p ra di o spe ctr a à SF re la te d em iss ion ? a RI AGNs m any fl at/ inve rte d spe ctr a Fe w S F gs w ith fl at spe ctr a (hybr id sour ce s?)R
adi
o
pr
ope
rti
es
:a
ngul
ar
siz
e
and
spe
ctr
al
inde
x
z~ 1.3 z~ 0.5 10 kpc 10 kpc 5.5 G H z a ngul ar si ze for z<1.5 sourc es 1.4 -5.5 G H z s pe ctra la na lys is (1.4 G H z from V L A da ta , M or ris on e t a l. 2010 ) S pe ctra la na lys is limited to sourc es w ith si ze <1 arc se c (#61) (~ 8 kpc @ z=1 ) m edi an % 0.8” 0.3” 10 kpc 10 kpc 10 kpc 10 kpcS
# # -$ M ed ia n Sp ec tra lin d ex 0 .4 0 .7 RE AG Ns RI AG Ns S F gs M or e c om pa ct r adi o em iss ion in R E & R I AGNs tha n in S F gs a RE AGNs and S F gs ha ve si m ila r st ee p ra di o spe ctr a à SF re la te d em iss ion ? a RI AGNs m any fl at/ inve rte d spe ctr a Fe w S F gs w ith fl at spe ctr a (hybr id sour ce s?) RE AGNSF
g
■ 44 R E AGNs 57% ▲ 15 RI AGNs 20% ● 18 SF/ hyb 23%
X
-ra
y
lum
inos
ity
■
35 R E AGNs ▲ 15 R I AGNs ● 27 SF/ hyb RE AGNs if : Lx [2 -7 ke V ] > 10 42 erg/ s Lx [0.2 -7 ke V ] > 3× 10 42 erg/ s (for X -ray upp limits ) 29 X -ra y RE A G N77%
of
t
h
e c
las
sif
ie
d
sou
rc
es
ar
e AG
Ns
!!
× X-ra y AG N s■ 44 R E AGNs 57% ▲ 15 RI AGNs 20% ● 18 SF/ hyb 23%
ra
di
o
■
35 R E AGNs ▲ 15 R I AGNs ● 27 SF/ hyb ra di o exc es s sour ce s if : q100 (log [ S 100µ m /S 1.4G H z ]) < 1.5 (D el M or o+ 13) S 100µ m = 1m Jy ( 3 s igm a) f or uppe r limits 31 r adi o exc es s ( ~ 10% not IR R I A G N ) 1.6 G H z V L B I 18 sour ce s (~ 10% not IR R I AGNs )77%
of
t
h
e c
las
sif
ie
d
sou
rc
es
ar
e AG
Ns
!!
× X-ra y AG N s● 44 RE AGNs
5
.5
G
H
z
se
le
ct
e
d
AG
N
s
R
E
AG
Ns
at le as t by 1 I R c c pl ot L x [ 2-7 ke V ] > 10 42 erg/ s or L x [ 0.2 -7 ke V ] > 3× 10 42 erg/ s (for ha rd -X upp limits)#44
sour
ce
s
● 44 RE AGNs ● 16 RI A G N s
5
.5
G
H
z
se
le
ct
e
d
AG
N
s
R
E
A
G
N
s
RI
AG
Ns
MIR col our s of r ed pa ss ive ga la xi es (D onl ey+ 12) R adi o e xc es s q q100 (log [ S 100µ m /S 1.4G H z ]) < 1.5 (D el M or o+ 13) S 10 S 100µ m= 1m Jy (3 s igm a) f or uppe r l im its at le as t by 1 I R c c pl ot L x [ 2-7 ke V ] > 10 42 erg/ s or L x [ 0.2 -7 ke V ] > 3× 10 42 erg/ s (for upp limits)#44
sour
ce
s
#16 s
our
ce
s
● 44 RE AGNs ● 16 RI A G N s ● 17 S F gs
5
.5
G
H
z
se
le
ct
e
d
AG
N
s
R
E
A
G
N
s
RI
AG
Ns
MIR c ol our s of r ed pa ss ive ga la xi es (D onl ey+ 12) R adi o e xc es s q 100 (log [ S 100µ m /S 1.4G H z ]) < 1.5 (D el M or o+ 13) S 10 S 100µ m= 1m Jy (3 s igm a) f or uppe r l im its V L B I de te cti ons ( 1.4 -1.6 G H z, C hi + 13, R adc lif fe + 15) at le as t by 1 I R c c pl ot L x [ 2-7 ke V ] > 10 42 erg/ s or L x [ 0.2 -7 ke V ] > 3× 10 42 erg/ s (for upp limits )#44
sour
ce
s
#16 s
our
ce
s
5
.5
G
H
z
se
le
ct
e
d
AG
N
s
MIR col our s of r ed pa ss ive ga la xi es (D onl ey+ 12)#44
sour
ce
s
#16 s
our
ce
s
IR C C cri teri a 4 I R c ol ou r col ou r p lot s à RE AGNs an d • D onl ey+ 12 (IR AC ), K irkpa tri ck+ 12 (IR A C , 24 µm , 100µ m , 250µ m ), M es sia s+ 12 (Ks -ba nd, IR AC ) • al la cc ount f or re ds hi ft evol ut ion L x [ 2-7 ke V ] > 10 42 erg/ s or à L x [ 0.2 -7 ke V ] > 3× 10 42 erg/ s (for upp limits) R adi o exc es s q q100 (log [ S 100µ m /S 1.4G H z ]) < 1.5 (D el M or o+ 13) S 10 S 100µ m = 1m Jy ( 3 sigm a) for uppe r limits4 I R C C cri teri a 4 I R c ol ou r col ou r p lot s à R E & R I AG Ns str on g X -r ay sou rc es à RE AG Ns rad io exc es s sou rc es à RI AG Ns
M
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5.5 G
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and s
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5.5 G
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te
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r
the
ba
nd vi
a:
• D onl ey+ 12 (IR A C ) • K irkpa tri ck+ 12 (IR A C , 24 µm , 100µ m , 250µ m ) • M es sia s+ 12 (Ks -ba nd, I R A C )4 I R C C cri teri a 4 I R c ol ou r col ou r p lot s à R E & R I AG Ns str on g X -r ay sou rc es à RE AG Ns rad io exc es s sou rc es à RI AG Ns
