The Biodiversity Promotion Areas: effectiveness of agricultural direct payments on plant diversity conservation in the semi-natural grasslands of the Southern Swiss Alps
Biodiversity and Conservation
Simone RAVETTO ENRI, Emiliano NUCERA, Michele LONATI, Pier Francesco ALBERTO, Massimiliano PROBO Correspondence to: massimiliano.probo@agroscope.admin.ch, Agroscope, Grazing Systems, Nyon, CH
Online Resource 1. Complete list of plant species recorded during vegetation surveys, with the indication of the phytosociological optimum (according to Aeschimann et al., 2004), and the corresponding functional group for every species.
Plant species Phytosociological optimum Functional group
Achillea millefolium Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Acinos alpinus Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species Aegopodium podagraria Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species Agrimonia eupatoria Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Agrostis capillaris Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Agrostis gigantea Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Agrostis stolonifera Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Ajuga genevensis Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Ajuga pyramidalis Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species
Ajuga reptans Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Alchemilla alpina Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species
Alchemilla conjuncta Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species Alchemilla xanthochlora Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Allium carinatum Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Allium spp. - -
Allium ursinum Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Alnus viridis Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis Shrubland-woodland species Alopecurus pratensis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Anemone nemorosa Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Angelica sylvestris Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Anthericum liliago Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Anthoxanthum odoratum Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Anthriscus sylvestris Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Anthyllis vulneraria Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Aquilegia atrata Erico-Pinetea Shrubland-woodland species
Arabidopsis thaliana Koelerio-Corynephoretea Terophytic-pioneer species Arabis ciliata Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species
Arctium lappa Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species
Arctium minus Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species
Arnica montana Nardetea strictae Acidophilous grassland species
Arrhenatherum elatius Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Artemisia vulgaris Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species Aruncus dioicus Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Astragalus frigidus Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species Astragalus glycyphyllos Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Astragalus penduliflorus Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species Astrantia major Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Avenella flexuosa Quercetea robori-sessiliflorae Shrubland-woodland species Bellis perennis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Biscutella laevigata Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species
Botrychium lunaria Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species
Brachypodium rupestre Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Briza media Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Plant species Phytosociological optimum Functional group
Bromus erectus Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Bromus hordeaceus Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Bromus inermis Agropyretea intermedii-repentis Perennial ruderal species
Bromus sterilis Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Calamintha menthifolia Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Calluna vulgaris Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Heathland species
Campanula barbata Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species
Campanula patula Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Campanula persicifolia Quercetea pubescentis Shrubland-woodland species Campanula rapunculoides Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Campanula rhomboidalis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Campanula scheuchzeri Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species
Campanula spp. - -
Capsella bursa-pastoris Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species Cardamine pratensis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Cardaminopsis halleri Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Carduus defloratus Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species
Carduus nutans Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species
Carduus personata Mulgedio-Aconitetea Mesophilous edge species
Carduus spp. - -
Carduus tenuiflorus Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species Carex brizoides Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Carex capillaris Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae Wetland species
Carex caryophyllea Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Carex echinata Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae Wetland species
Carex ferruginea Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species
Carex flacca Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Carex hirta Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Carex humilis Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Carex leporina Nardetea strictae Acidophilous grassland species
Carex montana Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Carex muricata Epilobietea angustifolii Mesophilous edge species
Carex nigra Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae Wetland species
Carex ornithopodioides Thlaspietea rotundifolii Rocky species
Carex pallescens Nardetea strictae Acidophilous grassland species
Carex panicea Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae Wetland species
Carex pilosa Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species
Carex pilulifera Calluno-Ulicetea Heathland species
Carex sempervirens Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species
Carex spicata Epilobietea angustifolii Mesophilous edge species
Carex spp. - -
Carlina acaulis Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Carum carvi Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Centaurea jacea Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Centaurea nigrescens Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Centaurea scabiosa Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Centaurea spp. - -
Cerastium arvense Agropyretea intermedii-repentis Perennial ruderal species Cerastium brachypetalum Koelerio-Corynephoretea Terophytic-pioneer species Cerastium fontanum Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Chaerophyllum hirsutum Filipendulo-Convolvuletea Mesophilous edge species
Chenopodium album Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Chenopodium bonus-henricus Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species Cichorium intybus Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species
Cirsium acaule Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Cirsium eriophorum Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species Cirsium erisithales Mulgedio-Aconitetea Mesophilous edge species Cirsium helenioides Filipendulo-Convolvuletea Mesophilous edge species Cirsium palustre Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Cirsium spinosissimum Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species
Cirsium spp. - -
Clinopodium vulgare Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Coeloglossum viride Nardetea strictae Acidophilous grassland species Convallaria majalis Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Convolvulus arvensis Agropyretea intermedii-repentis Perennial ruderal species
Crepis aurea Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Crepis biennis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Crepis capillaris Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Crepis conyzifolia Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species
Crocus albiflorus Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Cruciata glabra Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Cruciata laevipes Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species
Cynodon dactylon Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Cynosurus cristatus Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Cytisus scoparius Cytisetea scopario-striati Heathland species
Dactylis glomerata Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Dactylorhiza maculata Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae Wetland species
Dactylorhiza sambucina Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Danthonia decumbens Nardetea strictae Acidophilous grassland species
Daucus carota Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species
Deschampsia caespitosa Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Dianthus carthusianorum Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Doronicum grandiflorum Thlaspietea rotundifolii Rocky species
Dryopteris filix-mas Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Duchesnea indica Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Echinochloa crus-galli Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species Echium vulgare Koelerio-Corynephoretea Terophytic-pioneer species
Elymus athericus Lygeo-Stipetea Dry meadow species
Elymus repens Agropyretea intermedii-repentis Perennial ruderal species Equisetum arvense Agropyretea intermedii-repentis Perennial ruderal species Erigeron annuus Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species
Euphorbia cyparissias Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Plant species Phytosociological optimum Functional group Euphorbia stricta Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species Euphrasia picta Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Euphrasia rostkoviana Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Festuca arundinacea Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Festuca filiformis Quercetea robori-sessiliflorae Shrubland-woodland species Festuca heterophylla Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species
Festuca ovina Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Festuca pratensis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Festuca rubra Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Fragaria vesca Epilobietea angustifolii Mesophilous edge species Fraxinus excelsior Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species
Galium album Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Galium anisophyllon Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species Galium aristatum Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species
Galium lucidum Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Galium mollugo Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Galium pumilum Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Galium rubrum Quercetea robori-sessiliflorae Shrubland-woodland species
Galium spp. - -
Galium uliginosum Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Galium verum Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Genista germanica Calluno-Ulicetea Heathland species
Gentiana acaulis Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species
Gentiana clusii Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species Gentiana lutea Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species Geranium columbinum Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species Geranium molle Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Geranium pyrenaicum Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species Geranium robertianum Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species Geranium rotundifolium Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species Geranium sylvaticum Mulgedio-Aconitetea Mesophilous edge species
Geum montanum Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species
Geum rivale Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Glechoma hederacea Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species Gymnadenia conopsea Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Helianthemum nummularium Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Helictotrichon parlatorei Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species Helictotrichon pubescens Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Helleborus foetidus Quercetea pubescentis Shrubland-woodland species Helleborus viridis Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Heracleum sphondylium Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Herminium monorchis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Hieracium amplexicaule Asplenietea trichomanis Rocky species
Hieracium lactucella Nardetea strictae Acidophilous grassland species Hieracium murorum Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species
Hieracium pilosella Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Hieracium piloselloides Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species Hieracium umbellatum Quercetea pubescentis Shrubland-woodland species
Hippocrepis comosa Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Holcus lanatus Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Hordeum murinum Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Hypericum maculatum Mulgedio-Aconitetea Mesophilous edge species Hypericum montanum Quercetea pubescentis Shrubland-woodland species Hypericum perforatum Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Hypochaeris radicata Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Hypochaeris uniflora Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species Juncus articulatus Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae Wetland species
Juncus effusus Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Juncus tenuis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Juniperus communis Crataego-Prunetea Shrubland-woodland species
Knautia arvensis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Knautia dipsacifolia Mulgedio-Aconitetea Mesophilous edge species
Koeleria pyramidata Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Lamium album Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species
Lamium galeobdolon Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species
Lamium purpureum Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Laserpitium gaudinii Thlaspietea rotundifolii Rocky species Lathyrus latifolius Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Lathyrus linifolius Quercetea robori-sessiliflorae Shrubland-woodland species Lathyrus pratensis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Lathyrus spp. - -
Lathyrus sylvestris Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Leontodon autumnalis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Leontodon hispidus Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Leontodon hyoseroides Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Leontodon saxatilis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Leucanthemum vulgare Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Ligusticum mutellina Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species Lilium bulbiferum Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Lilium martagon Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Lolium multiflorum Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Lolium perenne Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Lotus corniculatus Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Luzula campestris Nardetea strictae Acidophilous grassland species
Luzula multiflora Nardetea strictae Acidophilous grassland species
Luzula nivea Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Luzula pilosa Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Luzula sieberi Vaccinio-Piceetea excelsae Shrubland-woodland species Lysimachia nummularia Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Maianthemum bifolium Quercetea robori-sessiliflorae Shrubland-woodland species
Medicago lupulina Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Medicago sativa Agropyretea intermedii-repentis Perennial ruderal species
Plant species Phytosociological optimum Functional group
Melampyrum pratense Quercetea robori-sessiliflorae Shrubland-woodland species Melica nutans Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Melica uniflora Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species
Mentha arvensis Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Molinia arundinacea Quercetea robori-sessiliflorae Shrubland-woodland species Myosotis alpestris Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species
Myosotis arvensis Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Myosotis scorpioides Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Myosotis spp. - -
Narcissus poëticus Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Narcissus spp. - -
Narcissus verbanensis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Nardus stricta Nardetea strictae Acidophilous grassland species
Orchis mascula Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species
Orchis ustulata Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Oreopteris limbosperma Mulgedio-Aconitetea Mesophilous edge species Origanum vulgare Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Ornithogalum umbellatum Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Orobanche rapum-genistae Cytisetea scopario-striati Heathland species
Oxalis acetosella Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Paradisea liliastrum Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species
Petasites albus Mulgedio-Aconitetea Mesophilous edge species
Peucedanum cervaria Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species Peucedanum oreoselinum Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Peucedanum ostruthium Mulgedio-Aconitetea Mesophilous edge species Peucedanum venetum Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Phalaris arundinacea Phragmito-Magnocaricetea Wetland species
Phegopteris connectilis Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Phleum bertolonii Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Phleum pratense Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Phleum rhaeticum Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Phragmites australis Phragmito-Magnocaricetea Wetland species
Phyteuma betonicifolium Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species Phyteuma orbiculare Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species
Phyteuma ovatum Mulgedio-Aconitetea Mesophilous edge species
Phyteuma scheuchzeri Asplenietea trichomanis Rocky species Phyteuma scorzonerifolium Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species Picris hieracioides Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species Pimpinella major Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Pimpinella saxifraga Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Plantago lanceolata Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Plantago major Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Plantago media Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Platanthera bifolia Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Platanthera chlorantha Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species
Poa alpina Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Poa angustifolia Agropyretea intermedii-repentis Perennial ruderal species
Poa bulbosa Koelerio-Corynephoretea Terophytic-pioneer species
Poa chaixii Mulgedio-Aconitetea Mesophilous edge species
Poa nemoralis Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Poa pratensis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Poa supina Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Poa trivialis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Poa variegata Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species
Polygala comosa Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Polygala pedemontana Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Polygala vulgaris Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Polygonatum odoratum Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Polygonum bistorta Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Polygonum viviparum Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species Potentilla argentea Koelerio-Corynephoretea Terophytic-pioneer species
Potentilla aurea Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species
Potentilla erecta Nardetea strictae Acidophilous grassland species
Potentilla grandiflora Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species Potentilla recta Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species Potentilla reptans Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Potentilla rupestris Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Primula acaulis Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species Primula veris Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species
Prunella grandiflora Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Prunella vulgaris Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Pseudolysimachion spicatum Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Pteridium aquilinum Quercetea robori-sessiliflorae Shrubland-woodland species Pulsatilla alpina Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species Pulsatilla apiifolia Nardetea strictae Acidophilous grassland species Ranunculus acris Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Ranunculus arvensis Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Ranunculus bulbosus Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Ranunculus friesianus Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Ranunculus montanus Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species Ranunculus platanifolius Mulgedio-Aconitetea Mesophilous edge species Ranunculus polyanthemophyllus Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Ranunculus repens Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Ranunculus villarsii Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species Rhinanthus alectorolophus Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Rosa caesia Crataego-Prunetea Shrubland-woodland species
Rosa canina Crataego-Prunetea Shrubland-woodland species
Rosa tomentosa Crataego-Prunetea Shrubland-woodland species
Rubus idaeus Crataego-Prunetea Shrubland-woodland species
Rubus spp. Crataego-Prunetea Shrubland-woodland species
Rubus ulmifolius Crataego-Prunetea Shrubland-woodland species
Rumex acetosa Koelerio-Corynephoretea Terophytic-pioneer species
Plant species Phytosociological optimum Functional group
Rumex acetosella Koelerio-Corynephoretea Terophytic-pioneer species Rumex obtusifolius Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species
Rumex scutatus Thlaspietea rotundifolii Rocky species
Salvia pratensis Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Salvia verticillata Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species
Sanguisorba minor Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Sanguisorba officinalis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Scabiosa columbaria Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Scirpus sylvaticus Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Scorzonera humilis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Sempervivum montanum Koelerio-Corynephoretea Terophytic-pioneer species Senecio doronicum Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species
Silene dioica Mulgedio-Aconitetea Mesophilous edge species
Silene flos-cuculi Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Silene gallica Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Silene nutans Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species Silene pratensis Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species
Silene vulgaris Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Soldanella alpina Juncetea trifidi Acidophilous grassland species
Solidago spp. - -
Solidago virgaurea Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species
Sorbus aucuparia Crataego-Prunetea Shrubland-woodland species
Stachys officinalis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Stellaria graminea Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Stellaria media Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Taraxacum officinale Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Thalictrum aquilegiifolium Mulgedio-Aconitetea Mesophilous edge species Thalictrum minus Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Thalictrum saxatile Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Thesium alpinum Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species
Thlaspi alpestre Thlaspietea rotundifolii Rocky species
Thlaspi brachypetalum Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Thymus serpyllum Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Tragopogon dubius Agropyretea intermedii-repentis Perennial ruderal species Tragopogon pratensis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Trifolium alpestre Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Trifolium aureum Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Trifolium badium Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Trifolium campestre Koelerio-Corynephoretea Terophytic-pioneer species Trifolium medium Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Trifolium montanum Festuco-Brometea Dry meadow species
Trifolium pratense Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Trifolium repens Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Trifolium thalii Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species Trisetum flavescens Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Trollius europaeus Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Urtica dioica Artemisietea vulgaris Perennial ruderal species Vaccinium myrtillus Vaccinio-Piceetea excelsae Shrubland-woodland species Valeriana officinalis Filipendulo-Convolvuletea Mesophilous edge species
Veratrum album Mulgedio-Aconitetea Mesophilous edge species
Veronica arvensis Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Veronica chamaedrys Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Veronica filiformis Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species Veronica officinalis Quercetea robori-sessiliflorae Shrubland-woodland species
Veronica persica Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Veronica serpyllifolia Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Vicia cracca Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Vicia sativa Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Vicia sepium Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
Vicia tetrasperma Stellarietea mediae Annual ruderal species
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Thlaspietea rotundifolii Rocky species
Viola alba Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species
Viola biflora Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis Shrubland-woodland species Viola calcarata Elyno-Seslerietea variae Basiphilous grassland species
Viola canina Nardetea strictae Acidophilous grassland species
Viola collina Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species Viola hirta Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Dry edge species
Viola reichenbachiana Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Shrubland-woodland species
Viola spp. - -
Viola tricolor Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Nutrient-rich meadow species
