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ABSTRACT 1

1. INTRODUCTION TO PASSIVE RADAR 1.1. Introduction

1.2. Bistatic radar

1.3. Bistatic radar equation 1.4. Target signatures 1.5. Forward scatter 1.6. PBR waveforms 1.7. Applications

1.7.1. Low cost scientific measurements 1.7.2. Border or perimeter surveillance 1.7.3. Air surveillance 1.7.4. Airborne PBR 1.7.5. PBR imaging 3 3 4 6 7 7 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 2. DVB - S2 STANDARD

2.1. Transmission system description 2.1.1. System definition

2.1.2. System architecture 2.1.3. System configuration 2.2. Subsystems specification

2.2.1. Base Band FRAME (BBFRAME)

2.2.2. Forward Error Correction FRAME (FECFRAME) 2.2.3. Bit mapping into constellation

2.3. Physical Layer (PL) framing 2.3.1. PL signaling 2.3.1.1. SOF field 2.3.1.2. MODCOD field 2.3.1.3. TYPE field 2.3.1.4. PLS code 2.3.2. Pilots insertion 11 11 11 11 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 19 19 20

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2.3.3. Physical layer scrambling

2.4. Baseband shaping and quadrature modulation 2.5. Satellite’s characteristics

2.5.1. ASTRA 1KR

2.5.2. Eutelsat Hot Bird 13B 2.5.3. Signal spectrum 20 22 23 24 24 25

3. DVB – S/S2 BASED BISTATIC ISAR IMAGING 3.1. Monostatic ISAR Geometry

3.1.1. Received Signal Model 3.1.2. ISAR image reconstruction 3.2. Bistatic ISAR Geometry

3.2.1. Received Signal Model

3.2.2. Impulse Response of a Bistatic ISAR 3.2.3. Passive Bistatic ISAR Processing 3.2.4. Passive ISAR Performance Prediction 3.2.5. Turntable Geometry

3.3. DVB – S/S2 Ambiguity Function 3.3.1. Radar Ambiguity Function 3.3.2. One Transponder

3.3.3. Two Transponders 3.3.4. Four Transponders

3.3.5. Four Transponders with a gap between the two bands

3.3.6. Effect of deterministic components in the DVB – S/S2 signal

26 26 27 31 39 40 41 42 44 46 48 48 49 52 55 57 60

4. SYSTEM DEFINITIONS AND CONSTRAINTS 4.1. Astra 19.2°E Constellation

4.2. System Definition 4.3. Operational Proof

4.4. Close Satellites Interference

64 64 66 67 69

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5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 5.1. Experimental Scenario

5.1.1. Geometry

5.1.2. Target and Transponders 5.2. Range – Doppler Technique Results

5.2.1. Single Bands 5.2.2. Double Bands 5.3. Compressive Sensing 5.3.1. Basic Theory 5.3.2. Results 5.4. Back – Projection 5.4.1. Basic Theory 5.4.2. Results 74 74 74 75 77 77 80 82 82 83 84 85 85 6. CONCLUSIONS 88 REFERENCES 90