an original manner. A great number of new instru- ments and apparatuses are attributed to him. In his later years, Roux was particularly interested in the goiter problem.
Raymond was an intern at the Hôpitaux de Paris Medical School from 1952 to 1958 and, in 1955, he served as an aide d’anatomie de la faculté (a member of the anatomy department). It was during his internship that he had to choose between general surgery and orthopedics. He had been influenced by Patel, Couvelaire, Hepp, and Cordier in the former field and by Lence, Merle d’Aubigné, Petit, Fevre, and Judet in the latter.
Having studied under the most important person- alities of that time, Robert Judet and Gaston Cordier, Raymond chose to remain in orthopedics with Judet.
In 1957, Raymond presented his thesis on pseudarthroses of the long bones, which was based on his work as a member of the anatomy department. His thesis was awarded the Gold Medal, the highest honor that can be achieved by a graduate student. His findings related to the vascularization of nonunions were a major con- tribution to the understanding of the appropriate treatment of these lesions. On the basis of his work with Cordier in the anatomy laboratory of the faculté in 1959, he compiled an atlas of hori- zontal cuts of the thorax, with photographs and illustrations that demonstrated the axial anatomy:
these images prefigured what would later be possible with computerized axial tomography.
After completing his internship, he spent a year in the service of Professor L. Leger. Leger was also from Martinique, and he took Raymond under his protective wing. They formed a special friendship that lasted for the remainder of their lives.
Raymond was chief of the Clinique Chirurgi- cale Infanthe et Orthopédique from 1958 to 1960 and an Assistant des Hôpitaux de Paris in Judet’s department at L’Hôpital Raymond Poincaré in Garches from 1960 to 1966. His interest in trau- matology and tumors of the spine was particularly stimulated when he served as an associate pro- fessor of traumatology and orthopedics at that institution from 1962 to 1970. He shared Judet’s interest in the cervical spine, and his innovative ideas became well known. He established criteria for the use of a posterior approach for the opera- tive stabilization of fractures of the cervical spine.
He also described the importance of the midver- tebral segments and ligamentous injuries of the cervical spine.
As chief of the department of traumatology and orthopedics at l’Hôpital Intercommunal in Poissy from 1970 to 1975, Raymond developed the concept of the spine center and built his reputa- 290
Who’s Who in Orthopedics
Raymond ROY-CAMILLE
1927–1994
Raymond Roy-Camille was born on April 25, 1927, in Fort-de-France on the island of Mar- tinique. His father was a successful merchant who had large land holdings. Raymond was an active, curious child and a serious student. He hunted extensively with his father, and hunting became an important part of his life.
Raymond’s uncle, Abel Roy-Camille, was a surgeon in Martinique and did much to stimulate Raymond to enter medicine. Raymond was fasci- nated by the work of his uncle and spent much time visiting and observing him.
In 1938, Raymond finished his last year of primary school at St. Moritz in Fort-de-France.
He completed secondary school in 1945 after having excelled in all of his classes. Although these were the years of World War II, the educa- tional system of Martinique was not disrupted.
Raymond moved to France in 1945 at the age of 17, just as the war was ending. When he arrived in Paris, there were continuing post-war restric- tions. During this time, he decided to become a surgeon. He attended undergraduate school from 1945 to 1948 and served as an extern from 1948 to 1952 at the Hôpitaux de Paris.
tion in the area of acute treatment of trauma to the spine. He also supervised the construction of a heliport so that patients who had acute injuries of the spine could be transported more quickly to the hospital for emergency treatment. In 1973, he visited the two men considered to be the world’s leaders in the treatment of spinal disorders: Ralph Cloward, in Honolulu, and Arthur R. Hodgson, in Hong Kong. His interest in the pathology of the spine, including tumors, infections, and degener- ative problems was stimulated even more.
In October 1976, Raymond became chief of orthopedics and traumatology at l’Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière. He succeeded Sicard and in turn was succeeded by Saillant. While in this position, Raymond was responsible for many innovative ideas, particularly pertaining to techniques for operations on the spine.
Raymond never actually considered himself a spine surgeon per se but, more appropriately, an orthopedic and trauma surgeon. He recalled being told by Fevre, a general surgeon, that “if you want to do something interesting, you must do some- thing which is difficult and that nobody else wants to do.”
The concept of placing a screw in the pedicle emerged in 1963, when Raymond managed a 17- year-old girl who had severe dislocation of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae and cauda equina syndrome as the result of a traffic accident.
She had had a laminectomy previously at another hospital, performed by the neurosurgical team.
The fourth lumbar vertebra was still dislocated in the lateral position on the fifth lumbar vertebra and the spine was obviously quite unstable.
Raymond stated:
The reduction was easy, but I had no more spinous processes. I had no more laminae, and the wires and Wilson plates we had at this time were not helpful. So I had to do something. I tried to stabilize the spine with two Scherman plates, implanting screws where I could.
I was an anatomist and I knew about the pedicle; I understood immediately that a good location to have an implant fixed to the spine was the pedicle. That is how I started with this surgery the first time.
Raymond introduced spinal plating and pedicle-screw fixation to the United States when he was the presidential guest speaker at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons in San Francisco in 1979. He had been invited to speak by the president of the Academy, Mason Hohl.
Raymond established many international bridges throughout the world as he traveled to lecture on problems of the spine. This was best exemplified by his collaboration with Carroll A.
Laurin and Lee H. Riley, Jr. in editing the three- volume Atlas of Orthopedic Surgery, published in 1989. He was the author of many articles and books. His extensive memberships included an honorary membership in the North American Spine Society. He was an enthusiastic member of the Cervical Spine Research Society and helped to found the European branch, further enhancing the international bridge. His quest for building a bridge of knowledge between Europe and North America was also demonstrated by his hosting of the International Meeting on Spinal Osteosynthe- sis in December 1992.
Raymond and his wife, Chantal, were married in Toulouse in 1976. Their life was accentuated by Raymond’s work and travels, as well as his love for hunting. They had many friends and a very busy social life, which they both enjoyed greatly. Raymond died on July 14, 1994, being survived by his wife and a daughter, Julie.
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Who’s Who in Orthopedics
Lowry Rush J.H.Rush Leslie Rush
Leslie V. RUSH
1905–
Nowhere is the old adage, “necessity is the mother of invention,” validated more frequently in surgery than in the surgery of trauma. In 1936, an encounter with a badly comminuted and con- taminated open Monteggia fracture–dislocation of the elbow demonstrated the value of intra- medullary fixation to two innovative young Mississippi surgeons, Leslie V. Rush and H.
Lowry Rush. They were able to stabilize and heal a segmental fracture of the ulna by using an
