Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
•
3.
DL
T:
Sa
toshi
Nak
amot
o
(?)
-The name i
s mean
t
to
hi
d
e
the
real
per
son(s
)
-Bl
ock
chai
n
technol
ogy
is
f
ar mor
e
than
“jus
t”
‘bi
tc
oi
ns
’ =
crypt
ocurr
ency
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
•
3.
DL
T (
con
ti
nued
)
-Sev
er
al
technol
ogi
es
(e
xampl
e:
Ethe
reum
)
-Publ
ic
and
pri
va
te bl
ock
chai
ns
-‘On chai
n’
and
‘Of
f chai
n
’
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
•
A ‘
smar
t
con
tr
act
’ add
s
in
forma
ti
on
to
a
bl
ock
and
by
doi
ng
so
cr
ea
tes
a ne
w
bl
ock
an
d
thus
a ‘bl
ock
chai
n
’.
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
•
Inf
orma
ti
on
in
the
bl
ock
cann
ot
be
ch
an
ged
and
–
for
the
ti
me
bei
ng
?
–
not
be
hack
ed
.
-Ques
ti
on:
Wha
t
does
thi
s
mean
for
the
‘ri
gh
t
to
be
for
got
ten
’ under
the
ne
w GD
PR?
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
•
‘Bl
ock
cha
in an
d
Pr
operty
in 2018: A
t
the
End
of th
e Be
gi
nn
in
g
’
: Is
thi
s
ex
ag
ger
at
ed?
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
•
Pub
lic
bl
ock
chai
n
s
ar
e
not
super
vi
sed
by
a
cen
tr
al
author
ity
, such
as
go
vernmen
ts
-‘Ini
ti
al
coi
n
of
feri
ngs
’ (‘
IC
O’
s’)
•
A
t
the
same
ti
me:
A
go
vernm
en
t
can
use
bl
oc
kcha
in
technol
ogy
to
con
tr
ol
its
ci
ti
zens
-Pr
iv
ac
y!
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
•
4.
‘Or
acl
es
’
-Thi
rd
part
ies
(hum
an
per
sons
, but
esp
eci
al
ly
al
so
comput
er s
ys
tems:
‘ag
enci
es
’)
-Judg
es
, med
ia
tor
s,
not
ari
es
, l
an
d
regi
str
ar
s
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
•
5.
Trus
ted
thi
rd
parti
es
-A
thi
rd
per
son,
neces
sary
to
veri
fy
tha
t
a
parti
cul
ar
tr
ansacti
on
is
c
orr
ectl
y
perf
ormed
-Is
the
re
a
rol
e
le
ft
for
land
regi
str
ar
s?
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
•
6.
Does Arti
fi
ci
al
In
tel
lig
ence
(‘AI’) pl
ay
a
rol
e?
-De
vel
opmen
ts
go
furt
her
and
fas
ter
than
w
e
per
cei
ve
-Googl
e’
s
‘Deepmi
nd
’:
w
w
w
.deepm
ind.
com
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
•
7.
‘IoT
’
-Col
lecti
ng
da
ta:
‘bi
g da
ta’
-Sensor
s c
ol
lect
da
ta,
but
for
whi
ch
purpos
e?
-To
be
tter
descr
ibe
an
object?
-Da
ta
anal
ysi
s (t
ar
ge
ti
ng
, cus
tomer
speci
fi
c)
?
-To c
hec
k
whe
ther
a
per
so
n i
s
act
ing
wi
thi
n
the
limi
ts
of
the
la
w?
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
•
8.
Leg
al
fr
ame
w
ork
-Wh
y
is
a ‘
smart
c
on
tr
act
’ bi
nd
in
g?
-Who
is
liabl
e
for
mi
st
ak
es
in
a ‘b
lock’?
-Who
is
liabl
e
in
a di
ffuse
real
/vi
rtual
w
orl
d
(e.
g.
for
measu
ri
ng
mi
st
ak
es
made b
y sensor
s)?
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
•
9.
Do w
e
sti
ll
need
‘trus
ted
thi
rd
parti
es
’?
-Yes, i
n
an
y
case
for
compl
ic
at
ed
tr
ansacti
ons
and
as ‘
ga
te k
eeper
’ f
or
wha
t
is
happeni
ng
‘of
f
chai
n
’
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
•
10.
Obj
ect
/subject:
a di
ffuse
w
orl
d
-Ar
e da
ta
part
of
a par
ce
l or do
the
y
bel
ong t
o
the
par
ce
l’s
“o
wner
”?
-Wha
t i
s
the “
object
”,
who i
s the “
subjec
t”?
-Ca
n
w
e separ
at
e
the r
ea
l object
fr
om the di
gi
tal
da
ta?
-Whi
ch Io
T
da
ta
sho
ul
d
be r
egi
st
er
ed
in a l
and r
egi
str
y?
-Shoul
d w
e ac
ce
p
t
di
ffer
en
t
type
s and degr
ee
s o
f
o
wner
shi
p?
Block
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
•
11.
Su
mma
ry
an
d
concusi
ons
:
-Bl
ock
chai
n
, sm
art
con
tr
acts
, IoT
-Whi
ch da
ta “
bel
ong
” t
o
a
par
cel
(obj
ect) or t
o
the
o
wner
(sub
ject)?
Blo
ck
chain,
smart
con
tr
acts
,
In
terne
t
of Things
:
Land
regis
tr
ation
and
the da
ta
ec
onom
y
Prof
. dr
. J
.H.M.
(Sjef
)
van E
rp
Maas
tri
ch
t
Uni
versi
ty
s.
vanerp@maas
tri
ch
tuni
versi
ty
.nl
European Law I
ns
ti
tut
e
vi
ce
-presi
den
t.el
i@
uni
vi
e.ac.
at
The
formants
and IMOLA
II: the w
ay
forward
Elena Ioria tti (P rof ess or of Com para tiv e La w) and Sara Gi ac om ini (P hD ca ndida te) Trento Univers ity , Fa culty of La w (It aly ) 1The
the
ory
of th
e
legal
formants
R . SAC C O, Dé finitio ns savantes et droi t appliqué dans les sys tèm es ro manistes , in R evue In ternatio nale de Dro it C omparé , vol . 17 , 4, 1965 , p. 827 ss . R . SAC C O , Co ntratto e negoz io a for mazione bilaterale , Stu di in onore di Paolo Grec o, II, Padua , 1965 , p. 953 . R . SACC O, Les buts et les m ét hode s de laco mpar ais on du dro it, in Rapp or ts nat . italiens au IX congrè s intern . de droi t comp .,1974 . R . SACC O, Introduzione al diri tto compar ato , first ed ., Turin , 1980 . 2The
theory
of the
lega
l
form
ants
:
core
Th
e
uni
ty
of
the
legal
sys
tem
v.
the
dis
soc
ia
tio
n
of
the
legal
forman
ts
Rodo lfo Sacc o, Le gal Fo rm ants : A Dy nam ic Appro ac h to Com par ative La w , in The Am eric an Jo urnal of Com para tiv e La w , Vol. 39, No . 1 ( W inter , 19 91 ). 3The
lega
l
formants
“W
ithin
a
given
,
si
ngle
legal
system
there
is
no
guarante
e
that
the
legal
formants
ar
e
in
ha
rmo
ny
,
rath
er
tha
n
in
conf
lict
”.
R. Sacc o, Le gal Fo rm ants : A Dy nam ic Appro ac h to Com par ative La w , cit. , 4Cour
de
Cassation
(Fre
nc
h
Supr
em
e Cour
t)
Judgement
«Maison de
Poésie
»
Cass
.,
3e
ci
v.,
31
ottob
re
2012
,
in
Rec
.
Dalloz
,
2012
and
in
Sem
.
Jur
.,
éd
.
gé
n.
,
2012
.
5Franc
e:
the
legislative
formant
Articl e 544 La prop riét é est le droit de joui r et dispo ser des choses de la mani ère la pl us absolue, pou rv u qu' on n'e n fas se pas un usage pr ohibé par les lois ou pa r les rè gleme nts . “Ow nershi p is the ri ght to enjoy and dis po se of thi ngs in the mos t absolute m anner , pro vide d they are no t us ed in a wa y prohib ite d by statu tes or regulatio ns” (un official translatio n) . 6Franc
e:
the
legislative
formant
Articl e 543 On peut avo ir sur les bi ens, ou un droit de prop riété, ou un simpl e dr oi t de jouissa nce, ou se uleme nt des se rv ices foncier s à pré tendre . “One may have a right of owner ship, or a mere right of enj oym ent, or only land serv ic es to be claime d on proper ty” (unoff icial translatio n) . 7Franc
e:
the
case law
formant
Cour de Cassation (jud gement «Maison de Poésie ») . The owner can freely estab lish a right of perpetual enjo yment . 8Franc
e:
the
legislative
formant
Art. 619 “A us ufr uct whi ch is no t gr ante d to pri vate in di vid uals may last on ly thi rty years” Art. 625 “Rig hts of use and hab itati on are estab lish ed and lost in the same manne r as usu fru ct” 9Franc
e:
the
case law
form
an
t
• Unexp ec te dly , the Cou rt of C assation re ve rse d th e decisio n of the Cou rt of Ap pe al, sta ti ng tha t th e owne r can fre ely est ablish a ri gh t of pe rp et ual enjo ym ent and tha t the right gr anted to the Maiso n de Poesi e by the de ed of sa le was a ri ght of per pe tual exc lusiv e enjo yme n t, and no t a ri ght of use an d habi tatio n • The C our t of Cas sation rul ed tha t th e prin ci ple of le gal ce rt ai nty re co gnize d by the law of the Europ ea n Union and by A rti cle 6 § 1 of the Eur op ean C on ve nti on on Hum an Ri ght s re qui res that the le gi ti mate exp ect ation s of the par ties be resp ec te d. This prin cipl e the ref or e pre clud es, wher e the pa rti es con ven tion al ly pro vi de for the existe nc e of a per pe tua l ri ght, th at the cou rt m ay assign to th at rig ht a term prio r to the date on which it rules . 10Franc
e:
the
case law
form
an
t
The operat ive ru le : the Maison de Poesie has the right of enjo y and/or occupy , on exc lusive basis and wi th no ti me limi t, the secon d floo r of the building , where the Fou ndat ion was located . 11The the
ory
of th
e fo
rman
ts
• D oes a perpetual right of enj oyme nt exist under Fre nch law ?" • legislative formant: no : real right s are typical and limited • case law formant: yes, bo th op erative rule and declaratio n • foreig n do ctrine (Akkerman ): yes: a new type of pro perty right 12Formants
and IMOLA
II
: a
clear
vie
w
of
how a
lega
l system
works in re
ality
In th e dev elopment of th e IMOLA II pro ject , th e met hodolo gy of comparativ e law has be come relev ant and proved to be a usefu l scient ific tool . • Firstly , th e desc ription of th e fo rmants and the underst an ding th at the unity princi ple is an illusion has dev eloppe d a cle arer view by the professional s involve d in IMOLA II of how a legal system w ork s in realit y, beyond th e th eoret ical and abstrac t def initions, on whic h scholars or legislator s rely to communicate the nor ms and, in general, the law . • This has favored th e el aboration of a met hod of research founded on a more solid ground, which result s co uld cle arly refle ct how a legal mat ter is solved in eac h spec ific legal system in volve d in th e scient ific invest igation of IMOLA II. 13Formants
and IMOLA
II:
ana
lys
is
of
one
single
lega
l
sys
tem
Seco ndly , unt il to day the formants were used in IM OLA pro ject : -to unco ver the rule s of any sin gle nationa l sy stem , which coul d be fou nd in enacted legislat ion , case law or praxis . -to make clear tha t in a si ngle leg al syst em the op erative rul es (a pp lie d rules , praxi s) might not coinc id e with the defi nit io ns (legislat ion , formal sou rces ). 14Formants
and IMOLA
II:
ana
lys
is
of
one
single
lega
l
sys
tem
Seco ndly , in IM OLA II comp arativ e law met hodo log y pr oved to be the be st meth od to co llect the rules in the leg al systems invo lved . Here the theo ry of the forma nt s was cr uci al for lega l profe ssio nals to underst and the ori gin of a na tio na l sol ut ion an d its real imp act on the system (o pe rative rules) . 15Formants
and IMOLA
II:
ana
lys
is
among
severa
l
lega
l
sys
tems
Reminder n. 1: Leg al form ants are ve ry us efu l not on ly wit hin a si ngle legal sys tem – as no ted ab ove – but also to identify di fference s and simil ar itie s amon g several legal system s. 16Formants
and IMOLA
II:
ana
lys
is
among
severa
l
lega
l
sys
tems
Similar op erative ru les can be fou nd in the forma nts of diffe rent legal systems , beyond the lack of defin itio ns . 17«T
rasferi
mento
dell
’erede
appare
nte al
ter
zo»
A
person
wh
o
beli
eves
himself
to
be
hei
r
disposes
of
property
(he
has
inhe
rite
d)
to
a
third
person
,
who
is
in
goo
d
faith
.
The
transfer
is
valid
in
Italy
,
unde
r
the
de
fi
nitio
n
«tr
asfer
imento
de
ll’ered
e
app
arente
al
terz
o»
R .S AC C O ,Leg al Fo rm an ts: A D yn am ic Ap pr oa ch To Co m pa ra tive La w ,in Th e A m er ica n Jo ur na lof Co m pa ra tive La w ,Vo lu m e 39 , Jan uary 1991 . 18«T
rasfer
ime
nto
dell’erede
appar
ente
al
ter
zo
»
It aly Ci vil Cod e art . 53 4 p ar. 2 : yes Ca se la w : yes D oct ri ne : yes Fra nce Ci vil Cod e : X Ca se la w : yes D oct ri ne : no Belg ium Code : X Ca se law : no Doct ri ne : no *Th is is a the or etica l ca se. No te that the legi sla ti ve fo rma nt mi gh t ha ve ch an ged af ter the F ren ch refo rm of the la w of co ntra ct of 2 01 6. 19Be
yond
the
def
in
it
ion
The
def
inition
«t
rasferim
ent
o
del
l’er
ede
appare
nte
al
te
rzo»
is
pre
sent
only
in
the
It
alian
legal
lan
guage
,
but
the
sam
e
operational
rule
exists
in
France
(case
law
formant
).
20Reg
ardless
the
defi
nit
ion
D iffere nt op erative rules can b e fou nd in the formants of different legal systems , regardless formal defin itio ns are similar or iden tical 21Reg
ardless
the
defi
nit
ion
Usufruc
t
under
Dutc
h
law
Article
3
:215
D
utch
Civil
Code
(BW)
th
e
usufructuary
has
the
ri
ght
to
dis
pose
an
d
to
cons
ume
the
prope
rty
subje
ct
to
usufru
ct
22Formants
and IM
OLA
II:
th
e
ELRD pivot
(pivot
ter
ms
)
are
me
ta
-conce
pt
s
The comp arative met ho d is foun ded upon the act ual ob serv ation of the eleme nts “at wo rk” in a gi ven lega l system, it con cern s with what is real and effective . Dy namic app roach to a legal system! 23Formants and IM OLA II : the EL RD pi vo t (p ivo t ter ms ) are meta – co ncep ts (m eta – defin itio ns ) Reminder 2: ELR D Pivot terms are meta -defin itio ns (met a -con cepts ) Semantic aspect : immediately final Leg al effects : no t final unt il all natio nal formants are includ ed in the pivot defin itio ns . 24
Formants
and IM
OLA
II:
th
e
ELRD pivot
(pivot
ter
ms
)
are
me
ta
-conce
pt
s
Fr ance «real pr operty righ ts » : right of enjoymen t, la nd se rvices , the right of emphyteusis , usufruct, use and hab itatio n. After 2012 the defini ti on “rea l pr op erty rights” even if sema ntica lly unt ouche d comp rehe nds fur the r legal effects bec au se of the right to create a perpetual right of enj oyment (o perative rule ). 25Formants
and IMOLA
II:
keepi
ng
the
template
update
d.
• Final ly , it is also imp ortant to underli ne that the legal forma nts could be useful with in the cont ext of the IMOLA pro ject s not only to re ach a more complete , detai led an d co mprehensi ve templat e, but also as a to ol to keep the templat e upd ated . • It will be import ant, in the futu re, to mainta in the corres po nd ence be tw een the te mp late platform and the re al base of law tha t is cu rren tly bei ng app lie d w ithin the st ates . In th is pers pectiv e, the stu dy of the differ ent formant s can be a very usefu l me an to ma int ain the digital templa te link ed to the legal rea lity that is supp osed to represent . 26Formants
and IMOLA
II: the
supranati
onal
level
Eu priv
at
e
law
(su
bsta
nti
ve
law
ha
rmon
izat
ion
)
Privat
e
int
ernati
onal
EU law (
regulation
s)
27Formants
and IMOLA
II:
the
supranational
lev
el
EU private law (subst antive law) Remi nde r: Di re ct ive 20 08 /9 8/ EC of th e Europe an P arli ament an d of th e Coun ci l of 19 Nov embe r 20 08 on wa ste « pos ses sion » Art. 3 (de fin iti ons) “waste h olde r” mean s the wa ste pro ducer or th e na tura l or legal pe rs on wh o is in pos ses sion of th e wa ste 28Formants
and IM
OLA
II:
the
supranationa
l
leve
l
EU pri va te la w (s ubs tan ti ve la w ) U K I T D E FR N L ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Po ss es si on P oss es so Bes it z Po ss es si on Bezit p os ses sion in E U law (D irec tiv e 200 8/ 98 /E C) : m at eria l c ont rol o n t he go od w it ho ut animus do m in i ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ N at io na l law a nd c ase la w (form ant s) 29Formants
and IMOLA
II: the
supranati
onal
level
Privat
e
in
terna
ti
ona
l
EU law
Regulati on (E U ) No 650 /2012 of the Eur ope an Parli ament an d of the Council of 4 Ju ly 20 12 on jur is dict io n, ap plicable la w , recogni tio n and enforcemen t of de cis ions and acc ep ta nce and enfo rcement of auth entic instruments in matt ers of success ion and on the creat io n of a Euro pean Certificate of Successio n 30Reg
ulati
on
(EU) No
650/2012
The rule in trod uc ed by the regul atio n is tha t of habit ual re sid en ce and no t that of the citizenship of the decease d. Thus , problems may arise whe n the lex su ccessio nis is inv oked in a Member St ates differ ent from that in w hi ch the property is lo cated (lex rei sitae ). As a co nse quence , it migh t happen that the right in rem in questi on is not regul ated by the law of the Member Stat e in wh ich the rig ht is invo ked and it is then unkno wn . 31The
adapt
ation
prin
ci
ple
Ar ticle 31 Ad ap tation of rights in re m Wher e a person inv okes a right in rem to which he is entitle d unde r the law app licab le to the succ essio n and the law of the Mem ber Stat e in wh ich the rig ht is inv ok ed do es no t know the right in rem in qu es tion , that right shall, if necessary an d to the exte nt po ss ible, be ad apte d to the cl osest equiv alent right in rem un der the la w of that State , taking int o account the aims and the int erest s purs ued by the specific right in rem and the effects attached to it . 32The
ada
pta
tion
prin
ci
ple
The
intern
ational
private
law
scho
lar
s
commenting
the
reg
ulation
sugg
est
to
rely
on
the
methodology
of
compara
tive
law
in
order
to
verify
the
applicability
of
the
adap
tation
princ
iple
.
33The
in
stru
me
nts
of com
par
at
ive
law
Comparative
law
me
thodology
1)
homolo
gatio
n
(legal
translation
)
2)
operational
rul
es
34CJEU,
12
October 2017, judgmen
t “
Kubicka
”
The referr ing Co urt asks, in ess ence , wh et her Articl e 1( 2)(k ) an d (l ) and Art icle 31 of Regulation No 650 /2 012 must be inte rp ret ed as precl uding refusa l, by an au tho rity of a Me mber State (Germnay ), to recogn ise the materi al effects of a legacy ‘by vindicat ion’ , whic h is recogn ised by the la w go verni ng succes sio n cho sen by the testa tor in acco rda nce wit h A rticle 22 (1 ) of tha t regulation (P oland), w hen tha t ref us al is base d on the gr ou nd that the leg acy concern s the right of ownersh ip of immovable pr op er ty locat ed in that Me mbe r Stat e wh ose law do es no t pro vi de for legac ies wi th di rect mater ial effect when succession takes place . 35CJEU,
12
October 2017, judgmen
t “
Kubicka
”
• In the pre sent ca se , bot h the leg acy ‘by vin dication ’, provi ded for by Polis h law an d the legacy ‘by damna tion ’, pro vi ded for by Germ an law , constit ute meth ods of tra nsfer of ow nersh ip of an asset , nam ely , as the Advo cate Gen eral noted ou t in po in ts 46 an d 47 of his O pin ion, a ri ght in rem that is re cog nis ed in bo th of the legal sy ste ms con cer ned . The refore , the direct tr ansfer of a prop erty ri ght by mea ns of a leg acy ‘by vin dication ’ con cern s onl y the arra ngement by which tha t right in rem is tra nsferre d at the time of the testa to r’s death , which , acc ord ing to recital 15 , is precis ely what Reg ulati on No 650 /2 01 2 seeks to all ow , in accordance with the law go verning succession . 36CJEU,
12
October 2017, judgmen
t “
Kubicka
”
• Article 31 of R egulat ion No 650/2012 do es no t concern the metho d of the transfer of rights in re m………. ….. herefore , in so far as the right in re m transferred by the legacy ‘b y vind icatio n’ is the righ t of own ership , which is recog nised in German law , there is no need for the adap tatio n pro vided for in Article 31 of R egulat ion No 650/2012. 37The
conseque
nce
s
of th
e
dec
ision
in Germa
ny
The
Rech
tspf
leg
er
and the
legacy
38The opera
tive
rule in Germa
ny
After «K ubicka » In the German legal system the op er ative ru le acting is the effective transfer of a legacy with direct material effects. 39Comparati
ve
law
• After Kubicka•A
n
ew
«mod
el
»
in Ge
rm
any
,
that
is
a
substant
ive
law
institute
(rule
)
40The
formant
s
In
a
legal
syst
em
must
be
observe
d
not
only
how
courts
have
act
ua
lly
resol
ved
ca
ses
.
Know
le
dge
of
a
legal
syst
em
entail
s
knowledge
of
factor
s
pr
esent
to
day
which
determine
how
cas
es
wi
ll
be
resolved
in
the
near
futu
re
.
R. Sac co, Legal For mants : A Dynamic Approach to Co mparative Law , cit ., p. 47. 41The
formant
s
•
The CJEU
is
int
roducti
ng
de
fac
to
new
subs
tan
tive
law
rule
s
in the
Member
Stat
es
!
42IMOLA
II
and the
formant
s: the
way
forward
• IM OLA II ant th e forman ts are usefull not ony in th e harmon ization of th e land registry syte m , bu t also to un cove r th e ri ght solution applicable in the framewo rk or the adaptation principle (in vario us regul ations ) and so to support civ il justic e in Europe . • • The stud y of th e diffe rent formants will be cruc ial for th e updat ing of the digital te mplate, so as to keep it link ed to the legal reality that eac h te mplat e is supposed to represent . • Informat ic instrume nt s are cr ucial (but ex pert s should ma nage informatic data and not th e opposi te ). 437 -8 Fe br uar y 2019 Europe an e -Justi ce Porta l
Land R
egisters
Inter
connection
Gabr ie l Sima E uro pean C o mm is si o n, DG Jus tice and C o ns ume rsContents
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gal
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l
capa
bi
liti
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LRI
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se
I is
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aila
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tion
testing w
ith
Mem
be
r
S
tate
s
since
De
cem
be
r
20
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, at con
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Re
gisters
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se
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ill
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a
uthe
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uthoriz
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Q3
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ustr
ia
a
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Esto
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orking
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IMOLA
II
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A
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IGIT
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up
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ser
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CN
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T,
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ustr
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gr
a
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AT
an
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EE
Identity
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2019
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:00
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Thank you
▪
Questio
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and discuss
io
n
A
Nation
al
Link
ed
Data
Mo
de
l
The
Dutch Ex
perie
nce
Jacque
s
V
os
2 |
▪
2019
-02
-08
, DU
BLIN
–
IM
OLA
WORKSHOP
–
J.
T
OW
AR
DS
AN
INFRA
STRUC
TUR
E
OF S
MAR
T O
BJ
ECTS
EL R N W OR K SH OP 31 -05 -20 18, T al lin n Jacq u es Vo s, K ad asterWE
AR
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NGES..
GEN ER A L A SSEM B L Y, 29 -11 -20 18, B ru ssel s Jacq u es Vo s, K ad asterP e rm it to b u ild o r tra n sf e r o w n e rship Com p let e, co rr e ct & com preh en si ve inf o tho ug ht tho ug ht list ener spea ke r B U ILD ING P A S S P O RT ob jec t ob jec t ter m
ch a ract e r in a m u se m en t p a rk to w e r i n city tho ug ht tho ug ht listene r spe ak er ‘Lange Jan’ ob jec t ob jec t ter m Sourc e: Brat tinga , et al
ch a ract e r in a m u se m en t p a rk to w e r i n city tho ug ht tho ug ht listene r spe ak er ‘Lange Jan’ ob jec t ob jec t Långe Jan Sourc e: Brat tinga , et al
8 |
THE
MEANI
NG
OF
LAND
REGISTR
Y
DA
TA
•
QU
ALITY
•
OWN
ER
SH
IP
•
USE
Ja cq u e s Vo s, Ka d a ste r EL RA X X VI GE NER AL ASSEM BL Y , 3 0 -11 -2 0 1 8 , Bru ss e ls9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16 | ▪ 2019 -02 -08, DUBLIN – IM OLA W ORKSHOP – J. VOS
17
18 | 2019 -02 -08 , D U BLI N – IM O LA W O R K SHOP – J. V O S
19 | 2019 -02 -08 , D U BLI N – IM O LA W O R K SHOP – J. V O S
20 | 2019 -02 -08 , D U BLI N – IM O LA W O R K SHOP – J. V O S
21
22 | P IV O T: The mos t compr ehe nsi ve ri gh t a per son can hol d to a corpor eal or i nc orpor eal as set , or ev en an other ri ght or a cl ai m (…)
23 |
▪
USE
OF
M
AINS
TREA
M
ST
AND
ARD
S
AS
SKO
S
▪
SKOS
: W3
C
ST
ANDARD
▪
EVER
Y
T
AX
ONO
MY/
THESAURUS
ENG
INE
ABLE
T
O
INTERPRET
SEM
ANTIC
STRUCTURE
OF
THE DA
TA
MEANI
NG
OF
USE OF
CONCEPT
2019 -02 -08 , D U BLI N – IM O LA W O R K SHOP – J. V O S24 |
▪
EV
ER
Y
CONCE
PT
=
SK
OS
-CONCE
PT
▪
WITH
A
F
ORMAL
LEGA
L DEFINIT
ION
AND
▪
UNDE
RST
AND
AB
LE
EX
PLA
NA
TI
ON
FO
R
”NON
-LEGA
L PE
OPLE
”
▪
INCLU
DING
S
E
MAN
TIC
RE
LA
TIONS:
-‘is
specializatio
n
of
’
-‘is
gene
ra
lisation
of
’
-‘is
re
lated
to’
▪
→
EV
ER
Y
CONCE
PT
CAN
BE
MAPP
ED
ON OT
HER
VOCA
BULA
RIES
(e
.g.
IMO
LA
-cor
e
vocabu
lary)
MEANI
NG
OF
USE OF
CONCEPT
2019 -02 -08 , D U BLI N – IM O LA W O R K SHOP – J. V O S25 |
▪
MO
ST
CON
CEPTS
NOT
1:1
EQUIV
ALENT
IN IMO
LA
▪
FORM
AL
(LEGAL)
MEA
NING
OF
EACH CO
NCEPT
:
-IN
CON
TEX
T
OF
LA
W
-(THEREFORE)
IN NA
TIVE
LANGUAG
E
-WIT
H
IMPLICIT
CON
NOT
A
TIONS
CHALLENGES
2019 -02 -08 , D U BLI N – IM O LA W O R K SHOP – J. V O S26 |
▪
SE
MANTI
CALL
Y
CORR
ECT
MA
TCH
ING
OF
NA
TIV
E C
ONC
EP
TS
(E.G.
)
-‘s
pec
ial
iz
atio
n
of
’
-‘g
ene
ral
is
ati
on
of
’ or
-‘a
lmos
t
the
s
ame
as
’
▪
EX
PLA
INING ME
ANING
OF
NA
TIV
E C
ONC
EP
TS
IN
ENGLIS
H
CAN
BE
DON
E
THE S
AME
W
A
Y
AS
WE E
XP
LAI
N
THE M
EA
NING
IN
NON
-LEGA
L NA
TIV
E
LANGU
AGE
BUT…
USING
SKOS
2019 -02 -08 , D U BLI N – IM O LA W O R K SHOP – J. V O S27 |
Exa
mple
:
the
conc
ept
‘Perc
ee
l’
Perc eel Te rm : P e rcee l Im o la te rm : P rop e rty (broa d e r m a tch ) E xp lan atio n (nl) : E e n p e rcee l is e e n stu k g ron d w a a rv a n h e t K a d a ste r d e g ren ze n h e e ft ge m e te n e n d a t b ij h e t K a d a ste r e e n e ig e n n u m m er h e e ft. E xp lan atio n (en ): Le ga l de finition : Ee n pe rcee l is e en be gr en sd de el van h et N ed erl an ds gr on dg eb ie d da t kad ast raa l ge ïd e n tif ice e rd is e n m e t ka d a stra le g ren ze n b e gren sd is . L e g a l so u rce: A rti ke l 1 K a d w Sem ant ic relat ions Sp ecializ at ion of : On roe ren de z aa k Rela te d to : K a d a stra le g ren s Za ke lijk rech t 2019 -02 -08 , D U BLI N – IM O LA W O R K SHOP – J. V O S28 |
Sem
an
tic
ne
twork
P er cee l Onr oe re nd e zaa k K ad as trale gr en s Zak elijk rec ht E igen do m Ops tal rec ht Hy pot heek rela te d to rela te d to spe ci aliz at ion of sp e cializ a tio n o f sp e cializ a tio n o f spe ci aliz at ion of A rtik el 1 K ad w leg a l so u rce E rfpa cht rec ht sp e cializ a tio n o f VISU ALL Y RE PRE SENTING ENTITIE S OR O THER EL EME NT S AS BUBBL ES WH IL E R EL A TI O NS BE TWE EN THEM C AN BE R EPR ESENT ED AS LINK S BE TWE EN THEM 2019 -02 -08 , D U BLI N – IM O LA W O R K SHOP – J. V O S29 | P er cee l Onr oe re nd e zaa k K ad as trale gr en s Zak elijk rec ht E igen do m Ops tal rec ht Hy pot heek rela te d to rela te d to spe ci aliz at ion of sp e cializ a tio n o f sp e cializ a tio n o f spe ci aliz at ion of A rtik el 1 K ad w leg a l so u rce E rfpa cht rec ht sp e cializ a tio n o f
Ma
tch
with
IMOLA
Core V
oca
bula
ry
close m a tch close m a tch cl ose m at ch su p e rfi cies Ri g h t in rem * p rop rie to rsh ip * N ot k n own in Pi vot ? 2019 -02 -08 , D U BLI N – IM O LA W O R K SHOP – J. V O S30 | N ational con cep t? pr op er ty N ational con cep t? R ight in rem? P rop rietor ship sup er fic ie s M or tgage rela te d to rela te d to spe ci aliz at ion of sp e cializ a tio n o f sp e cializ a tio n o f sp e cializ a tio n o f A rtic le (…) leg a l so u rce E mphy teu ses s sp e cializ a tio n o f
No
Natio
na
l Core
V
oc
ab
ula
ry?
close m a tch close m a tch cl ose m at ch Nat ion a l co n ce p t Nat ion a l co n ce p t Nat ion a l co n ce p t H ypo the c? Immov ab le? 2019 -02 -08 , D U BLI N – IM O LA W O R K SHOP – J. V O S31 |
MOVI
NG
ON
FOR
W
ARD
1.
CR
EA
TE (
NA
TIONAL
&)
IM
OLA
VOCAB
UL
AR
Y
2.
CR
EA
TING
IM
OLA
-UR
I`s
(Un
iform
Re
so
ur
ce
Identif
iers
)
3.
DISCLOSE
V
IA
E
-JU
STI
CE
4.
MA
TCH
WIT
H
NA
TIONAL
UR
I`s
5.
CON
NECT
T
O
R.E.
M
ARKE
T
(U
RI`s
):
-BI
M,
XB
RL
, ECB,
et
c.
2019 -02 -08 , D U BLI N – IM O LA W O R K SHOP – J. V O S32 |
