Kunio Shirato (Ed.) Venous Thromboembolism Prevention and Treatment

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Kunio Shirato (Ed.)

Venous Thromboembolism

Prevention and Treatment

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K. Shirato (Ed.)

Venous

Thromboembolism

Prevention and Treatment

With 44 Figures, Including 9 in Color

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Kunio Shirato, M.D., Ph.D.

Professor

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine

Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan

Library of Congress Control Number: 2004113935

ISBN 4-431-22080-1 Springer-Verlag Tokyo Berlin Heidelberg New York

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Preface

The fact that pulmonary thromboembolism is still associated with a high rate of mortality in Japan has led to the International Symposium for Pulmonary Thromboembolism being held regularly in the country. The ﬁrst was con- vened in 1998 in Yokkaichi, Mie, as the International Symposium on Pul- monary Embolism. This was organized by Professor T. Nakano and Professor S.Z. Goldhaber and the proceedings were published by Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, under the title Pulmonary Embolism. The second was held in 2000 in Chiba as the Millennium Symposium on Pulmonary Thromboembolism. This event was under the auspices of Professor N. Nakajima and Professor T.

Kuriyama. Most recently, this commemorative book has been compiled, based on the International Symposium on Pulmonary Thromboembolism, held in Sendai on November 2, 2003.

This collection of work from specialists in the ﬁeld addresses certain fea- tures speciﬁc to Japan in terms of epidemiological analysis, the treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism, traveler’s thrombosis, and the prevention of deep vein thromboembolism, the latter being a possible direct cause of pulmonary thromboembolism.

As you may notice after reading this book, there are some differences between conditions in Japan and in Western countries, particularly in treatment selection and prevention of the disease. For example, in Japan, inferior vena cava ﬁlters tend to be used frequently, and percutaneous cardiopulmonary support, or PCPS, is applied without hesitation to treat patients in a serious condition.

We realize that the clinical skill level in Japan for treating pulmonary thromboembolism must catch up with that in the West, and we believe that a different approach to treatment selection could result in new evidence and, ultimately, in progress in the medical treatment of this disease.

My deepest thanks go to the contributors, the senior members of Tohoku University’s First Department of Internal Medicine, and the fellows of the V

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Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, who have all helped make this book the valuable resource that it is.

Kunio Shirato

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine

Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai, Japan

Contributors to the International Symposium on Pulmonary Thromboembolism 2003, and to this book:

Jun Demachi, M.D.

Noriko Kakudo, M.D.

Jun Nawata, M.D.

Hiroki Ohtani, M.D.

Minako Oikawa, M.D.

Boon-Hooi Ong, M.D.

Kenya Saji, M.D.

Masahito Sakuma, M.D.

Koichiro Sugimura, M.D.

Jun Suzuki, M.D.

Tohru Takahashi, M.D.

Huan Wang, M.D.

Rika Kobayashi (secretary) Mayumi Sugimura (secretary) VI Preface

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1. Epidemiology and Therapy of Acute Pulmonary

Thromboembolism

Epidemiology of Pulmonary Embolism in Japan

M. Sakuma, T. Takahashi, J. Demachi, J. Suzuki, J. Nawata, N. Kakudo, K. Sugimura, B.-H. Ong, H. Wang, K. Saji, and

K. Shirato . . . 3 Thrombolytic Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism:

Toward the End of a Long-Lasting Debate?

S. Konstantinides . . . 13 The Efﬁcacy of Pharmacomechanical Thrombolysis in the

Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis

N. Yamada . . . 23 Thrombolysis During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Patients

with Acute Pulmonary Embolism

F. Spöhr and B.W. Böttiger . . . 32

2. Catheter Interventions and Surgical Treatment of

Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism

Surgical Treatment for Acute Massive Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Japan

M. Ando, M. Yamashita, M. Sato, and R. Hoshino . . . 47 Emergency Surgical Pulmonary Embolectomy

L. Aklog . . . 55 VII

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Catheter Interventions and Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism: Inferior Vena Cava Filter

A. Niwa . . . 77

3. Traveler’s Thrombosis

Pulmonary Thromboembolism Associated with Air Travel in Japan

H. Morio . . . 87 Thromboembolic Events Associated with Air Travel

F. Lapostolle, J. Catineau, and F. Adnet . . . 94 Venous Thromboembolism from Air Travel:

The LONFLIT Studies

G. Belcaro, M.R. Cesarone, M. Dugall, G. Vinciguerra,

A. Ledda, and B.M. Errichi . . . 103

4. Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism

Incidence and the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Japan: General Surgery

M. Sakon, M. Ikeda, Y. Hata, R. Suzuki, M. Sekimoto, and

M. Monden . . . 119 Incidence and Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in

Orthopedic Surgery in Japan

S. Fujita . . . 125 Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism and Guidelines for

Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Japan: Obstetrics and Gynecology

T. Kobayashi . . . 133 Prevention and Treatment of Thrombosis in Pregnancy:

The Newest Treatment Approaches

S.L. Hamersley . . . 143 Thromboprophylaxis in the Cancer Patient

A.K. Kakkar . . . 151 Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism

G.F. Pineo and R.D. Hull . . . 158 Subject Index . . . 183 VIII Contents

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Authors

Adnet, F.

SAMU 93, UPRES 34-09, Hôpital Avicenne 125, Rue de Stalingrad, 93009, Bobigny, France Aklog, Lishan

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center 1190 Fifth Avenue, 1028, New York, NY, USA

Ando, Motomi

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine

1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan Belcaro, Gianni

Department of Biomedical Sciences, IRVINE2 Vascular Lab, Chieti University, and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe)

Via Vespucci 65, 65100 Pescara, Italy Böttiger, Bernd W.

Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Field 110, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany Catineau, J.

SAMU 93, UPRES 34-09, Hôpital Avicenne 125, Rue de Stalingrad, 93009, Bobigny, France Cesarone, Maria Rosaria

Via Vespucci 65, 65100 Pescara, Italy

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Demachi, Jun

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine

1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan Dugall, Mark

Via Vespucci 65, 65100 Pescara, Italy Errichi, Bruno M.

Via Vespucci 65, 65100 Pescara, Italy Fujita, Satoru

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Takarazuka Daiichi Hospital 19-5 Kogetsu-cho, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665-0832, Japan

Hamersley, Sheri Lynn

15005 Shady Grove Road Ste 340, Rockville, MD 20850, USA Hata, Yasushi

Department of Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University

E2, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Hoshino, Ryo

1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan Hull, Russell D.

University of Calgary, 601 South Tower, Foothills Hospital 1403-29 Street NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N2T9, Canada Ikeda, Masataka

E2, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Kakkar, Ajay K.

Centre for Surgical Sciences, Barts and The London School for Medicine and Dentistry, and Thrombosis Research Institute

Emmanuel Kaye Building, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LR, UK X Authors

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Kakudo, Noriko

1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan Kobayashi, Takao

Shinshu University School of Health Sciences 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan Konstantinides, Stavros

Department of Cardiology and Pulmonary Medicine, Georg August University

Robert Koch Strasse 40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany Lapostolle, F.

SAMU 93, UPRES 34-09, Hôpital Avicenne 125 Rue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny, France Ledda, Andrea

Via Vespucci 65, 65100 Pescara, Italy Monden, Morito

E2, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Morio, Hiroshi

Department of Internal Medicine, Narita Red Cross Hospital 90-1 Iida-cho, Narita, Chiba 286-8523, Japan

Nawata, Jun

1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan Niwa, Akihiro

Department of Cardiology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital 1-26-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8610, Japan Ong, Boon-Hooi

1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan

Authors XI

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Pineo, Graham F.

University of Calgary, 601 South Tower, Foothills Hospital 1403-29 Street NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N2T9, Canada Saji, Kenya

1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan Sakon, Masato

E2, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Sakuma, Masahito

1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan Sato, Masato

1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan Sekimoto, Mitsugu

E2, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Shirato, Kunio

1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan Spöhr, Fabian

Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Field 110, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany Sugimura, Koichiro

1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan Suzuki, Jun

1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan XII Authors

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Suzuki, Rei

E2, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Takahashi, Tohru

1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan Vinciguerra, Giulia

Via Vespucci 65, 65100 Pescara, Italy Wang, Huan

1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan Yamada, Norikazu

First Department of Internal Medicine, Mie University 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan

Yamashita, Mitsuru

1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan Authors XIII