EEE
status and plans
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
2
Aims at covering the most interesting, and still partially
unexplored, region of the cosmic ray spectrum:
E > 10
18eV
Extragalactic sources
GZK cutoff
(Greisen, Zatspein and Kuz’min)
The project
3
Method of observation
Detect muons arriving at the surface
Many, low cost, easy to operate stations
High energy showers revealed by
detecting muons at different stations at the same time (“coincidences”)
Telescopes made by three Multigap
Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC)
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
Present status
50 telescopes at High Schools + 2 telescopes at CERN
+ 7 at INFN Units Total: 59 telescopes
+ ≈ 50 institutes on the waiting list
Largest (in terms of total detector area) system using MRPCs
Largest cosmic rays experiment in Europe
Stations in operation at schools Stations in operation at research centers
Institutes taking part to the analysis
Data taking
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
Total number of tracks
The network of the EEE telescopes
acquired ~ 80 billions muons in 4 years
Days of data taking (Runs)
0 50 100 150 200 250
RUN 0 RUN 1 RUN 2 RUN 3 RUN 4 RUN 5
19
63
196 212
241 229
Days of Data Taking
Run[2,5] ~ 200 days of data taking each
Total number of days of data taking during Runs at the end of RUN 5: 741
All data are automatically transferred at CNAF, where tracks are reconstructed and
stored for subsequent analysis
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
# of reconstructed tracks/day
Run 0 Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Run 4 Run 5 (part)
0 10000000
20000000
30000000
40000000
50000000
60000000
70000000
80000000
90000000
Tracks per day
RUN 5: the EEE telescope network detects
more than 87 million muons per day
Telescopes performance
Run 0 Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Run 4 Run 5
75 %
85 % 83 %
80 % 80 % 80 %
Performance = candidate_tracks / triggers
Upgrade
Chamber construction campaign 17/18
- 8 telescopes
LAMP-01, GENO-01, SIEN-02, CARI-01, TORI-05, LODI-03, CAGL-04, BOLO-05
Two already in data taking - 12 spare chambers
- New telescopes in 2019
first construction period Jan.-Mar.
- Liceo «Amaldi» – Bitetto
- Liceo «Calasanzio» – Carcare
- Liceo «Giolitti Gandino» - Bra
- Liceo «Volta» - Reggio Calabria
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
Tests chain
Test during construction:
- HV polarity - Strips
connectivity
If any problem
Delivery
Tests after construction:
- Gas tightness - Efficiency
- Dark rates
- Dark currents
M. Abbrescia
Efficiency/counting rate/current tests
44 44 54 64 74 Tr ig g e r ( O R 2 4 )
D a ta
Efficiency is measured for the 3 chambers Above CERN-01 (green).
Chambers are fluxed
4 days before measurements The trigger is the CERN-01.
The data sent to DAQ come from CERN-01 bottom and middle
chamber and one of the chambers under test.
By reconstructing tracks triggered by CERN-01, hits on tested chamber are
searched.
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
Results on the first 33 chambers
New front-end boards
160 cards and cables produced for new telescopes and spares
Same technology as old cards (NINO ASIC)
Optimization of PCB and new connector
New FEAs use flat cables (twisted pairs)
No need of Amphenol cables
No need of Amphenol-TDC adaptors used with old card
Easier to handle
old FEA (used in ALICE) with Amphenol cable
new FEA with flat cable
Amphenol-TDC adaptor
Long period test on random samples (3 weeks), looking for coincidences
All tested for strip distribution
Basically whole production ok
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
New trigger/GPS card
16
Joins the functionalities of the present trigger and GPS boards (+ GPS
interface)
Additional functionalities:
-clock distribution
-counters accessible via VME
- trigger logic programmable via VME
-27 produced (including 3 prototypes)
Already installed at LODI-02, LODI-03, LECC-01, LECC-02, FRAS-02, SIEN- 01, TORI-02, VICE-01
Plan to be deployed in all station
New trigger/GPS card
17
Good trigger efficiency
Excellent stability of the PPS (±4-5 ns)
to tag the events
Two selected
physics topics
EEE physics goals
Examples of analyses carried out by the EEE Collaboration:
Search for anisotropies
Forbush decrease
Upward going particles
Detection of Extensive Air Showers
Long Distance Correlations (LDC)
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
Search for long distance correlations
- EAS originating from cosmics emitted by the same source - EAS originating from cosmics
generated by the interaction of a primary cosmic with the
interstellar medium - EAS generated by the
photodisintegration of primary
cosmic rays in the solar field (GZ
effect)
Rare events negligible background needed
Cluster 1
Cluster 2
Telescope 1 Telescope 2
Two possible strategies:
- Coincidences between clusters of telescopes
- European Physics Journal Plus (2018) 133: 34
- Coincidences between multi-tracks in
pairs of telescopes
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
Coincidences among clusters
No cut on relative angle between showers Cut on relative angle< 10
Cut on the relative angle
Not the same results for all pairs of clusters:
studies ongoing!
10 ms
Distribution of the events during the day
LDC with multi-tracks
# of coincidences between EEE sites as a function of the time coincidence window, compared with the expected accidental coincidence background (in red)
Possible LDC candidates?
Very few events among many, like a needle in a
haystack
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
Detector Simulation WG
Goal: generate pseudo data using GEANT4 to track CORSIKA generated particle
Possible LDC candidates?
Interaction in the concrete vault
Geometry and
materials of three
MRPC
Distribution in Φ
TOF distrbution
X, Y and multiplicity distributions
Data/SIM comparison
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
PolarQuEEEst
Measure cosmic ray flux with 3 detectors
40° in latitude span
5000 km distance
Connection with the PolarQuest mission searching for the wreck of the airship “Italia”, led by U. Nobile 90 years ago
http://www.polarquest2018.org/
on board of Nanuq
The EEE project sails to the North Pole
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
Requirements for the PolarQuEEEst detector
The Detector on the Polar Nanuq has been designed to fulfill requests on:
- Dimensions and weight (~ 50 kg)
- Power consumption (< 15 W)
- Robustness and reliability
- Tag events at 20 ns precision!
Design of the PolarQuEEEst detector
Back-up Battery
Raspberry PI Control readout Sense Hat
Gyroscope Accelerometer Magnetometer Temperature
Barometric pressure Humidity
GPS
GNSS-Ublox
GPS
GNSS-Ublox
2 Plastic scintillator planes
Distance between planes: 11 cm
4 Tiles for each plane: 30 cm x 20
2 SiPMs per tile (16 SiPMs in total) cm
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
Some results
Rate uncorrected
Corrections needed for p, T and inclination
Rate corrected
Results/expectations comparison
No significant effect observed
possible
variation < 1%
used as reference since closer in latitude than
POLA-03 (in Turin @ 45° N)
Comparison with theory
G. Lemaître, M.S. Vallarta), reported in A.H.
Compton, Phys. Rev. 43 (1933), 387
Latitude range scanned
by PolarQuEEEst
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
Contacts with
schools
Meetingss in “person”
Erice, December 6-8 2018 – 150 students and teachers
Next foreseen in Turin, March 6-8, 2019
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
EEE at the
Researchers’ night
EEE at the ICD (58 schools, 680 students)
Monthly meetings
via Vidyo
Milestones and plans for the
future
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
Milestones 2018
Data taking: 28 billions tracks - 93% of the 30 billion
tracks foreseen, another 1.5 billions for the end of the year
Electronics upgrade: 160 front-end boards + 27 trigger/GPS cards -100% completed
Telescope network upgrade: 8 telescopes constructed, some in the commissioning phase, many other chambers produced - 80% completed
Analysis: LDC correlation published, GEANT simulation to
be published soon - 90% completed
Milestones 2019
Data taking: collect 30 billions candidate tracks
Telescope network upgrade: 5 more telescopes (and finish commissioning of the remaining ones)
Analysis: LDC correlation on the whole statistics
(including Run4), correlation with astrophysical events – and publish GEANT simulation
Outreach: organize 2 plenary meetings + 8 Run
coordination meetings opens to schools (vidyo)
Extreme Energy Events
M. Abbrescia
Extreme Energy Events
Thanks for the attention!
The EEE crew…
39
