The Sultanate Period (1206 AD 1526 AD)

(1)

https://t.me/safalta2 www.instagram.com/safaltaonline

+91-9310414677

(1)

https://www.youtube.com/c/safaltaclass

In 712 AD- Mohammand Bin Qasim invaded India and conquered Sindh. It became the province of Omaayyad Khilafat

Between (998 AD-1030 AD) Mahmud of Ghazni invaded India 17 times. He raided the Somnath temple on the coast of South Kathiwar in 1025 AD.

The Delhi Sultanate

After the conquests of Mohammed Ghori, this period saw the following dynasties flourishin g one after the other

Slave Dynasty (1206-90)

Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320 )

Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414)

Sayyid Dynasty (1414-51)

Lodi Dynasty (1451-1526)

Slave Dynasty (1206-90 AD)

1. Qutubuddin Aibak (1209-1210)

He was a Turkish slave, purchased by Mohammad Ghori. He was made the Governor by him. After Ghori, he became the master of Hindustan and founded the Slave Dynasty in 1206 AD.

Also known as Lakh Bakhsh

Died in 1210 AD while playing Polo

He began the construction of Qutub Minar in the honour of Khwaja Qutubuddin Bhaktiyar Kaki, a famous Sufi Saint.

3. Shamsuddin Iltutmish (1211-1236)

He was a slave of Aibak and captured the throne of Delhi in 1211 after deposing Aram Bakhsh

Known as Real Founder of Delhi Sultanate.

He made Delhi as his capital instead of Lahore.

Introduced tanka (silver coin), jital (copper coin).

He also completed the construction of Qutub Minar.

3. Ruknuddin (1236)

His Mother was Shah Turkan

He was deposed by Razia Sultan

4. Razia Sultan (1236-1240)

She was the first and only female Muslim ruler in the Sultanate Period.

The Sultanate Period

(1206 AD – 1526 AD)

(2)

In 1240, Altunia, who was the governor of Bhatinda revolted against Razia. She alongside Yaqut- who was a loyal slave, marched against Altunia.

However on the way Altunia got Yaqut murdered and took Raziya as prisoner. Later Razia married Altunia and after marrying him, proceeded to Delhi where she was defeated and killed on the way by Bahram Shah.

5. Bahram Shah (1240-1242)

He was Iltutmish’s third son and was put on throne by the Turkish Council called Chalisa.

He was a de jure ruler, Naib e Malakat was the de facto ruler

6. Masud Shah (1242-1246)

7. Nasiruddin Mahmud (1246-1266) 8. Ghiyasuddin Balban (1266-1287)

He became the ruler in 1266

Established the military department Diwan-i-Arz .

He took the title of Zil-i-ilahi

9. Kaiqubad (1287 - 1290)

He was the grandson of Balban. He was soon replaced by his son, Kaimur. In 1290 he was murdered by Khilji family and the Slave Dynasty came to an end.

The Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320)

1. Jalaluddin Khilji (1290- 11296)

He founded the Khilji Dynasty

2. Alauddin Khilji (1296-1316)

He separated religion from Politics.

He maintained a large permanent standing army and paid them in cash from his royal treasury.

He introduced the system of dagh (branding of horses) and huliya (descriptive list of soldiers).

He created a post of special officer called Mustakharaj for the purpose of revenue collection

Amir Khusrau was his court poet.

3. Mubarak Khan (1316-1320) 4. Khusrau Khan (1320)

Tughlaq Dynasty (1320 - 1414)

1. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (1320-1325)

Founded the Tughlaq dynasty.

He laid the foundation for Tughlaqabad near Delhi.

2. Mohammad bin Tughlaq (1325-1351)

Called as wise fool.

To control south India better, he shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri. He forced the entire population to the new capital, Devagiri and renamed it as Daulatabad. After two years, he abandoned Daulatabad and shifted back to Delhi due to the scarcity of water supply in Daulatabad.

The two places were more than 1500 kilometers away and many people died during the rigorous journey in summer.

To replace gold and silver coins he in 1329 introduced a token currency that was made of copper. Copper coins were easy to be forged and soon people started making their own coins

(3)

+91-9310414677

(3)

which led to a devaluation in the market. Later he repealed his verdict and all coins were redeemed in gold/silver, making the treasury empty.

He died in Thatta.

Ibn Batuta, a Moroccan traveller came to Delhi during his reign.

3. Firoz Shah Tughlaq ( 1351 – 1388 )

During his reign Jizya became a separate tax.

He established a hospital in Delhi, called as Dar-ul- Shifa

For the marriage of poor girls, a new department of Diwan–i-Khairat was made.

After the death of Firoz Shah, the Delhi Sultanate started disintegrating and provinces like Gujarat and Malwa declared independence.

Timur’s invasion in 1398- He was a Mongol leader of Central Asia, descendant of Chengiz Khan. He looted Delhi for three days and killed thousands of people. He withdrew from India in 1399.

The Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1450)

1. Khizr Khan (1414 – 1421)

2. Mubarak Shah (1421 – 1433 CE)

3. Muhammad Shah (1434 – 1443) 4. Alam Shah (1445 – 1451)

Lodi Dynasty (1451 – 1526)

1. Bahlol Lodhi (1451 – 1489)

He founded the Lodhi dynasty.

He died in 1489 and was succeeded by his son, Sikander Lodhi.

2. Sikander Lodhi (1489 – 1517)

He shifted his capital from Delhi to Agra.

He introduced the Gazz-i-Sikandari of 32 digits, a new measurement for cultivating fields.

3. Ibrahim Lodhi (1517 – 1526)

He humiliated Daulat Khan Lodhi, the governor of Punjab and there was lots of disaffection between king and courtier during his reign.

Displeased by his attitude, Daulat Khan Lodhi invited Babur to invade India.

Babur marched against Delhi, defeated and killed Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 and it started the Mughal Rule in India.

(4)

स�नत काल

(1206 ई. - 1526 ई.)

712 bZLoh esa& eksgEen fcu dkfle us Hkkjr ij vkØe.k fd;k vkSj fla/ ij fot; çkIr dhA blds ckn

;g vkseSÕ;n f•ykiQr dk çkar cu x;kA

(998 ^AD&1030 ^AD) ds chp xtuh ds egewn eksgEen xksjh us 17 ckj Hkkjr ij vkØe.k fd;kA mlus 1025 bZ- esa nf{k.k dkBhokM+ ds rV ij fLFkr lkseukFk eafnj ij geyk fd;k FkkA

fnYyh lYrur

eksgEen xksjh dh fot; ds ckn bl vof/ esa fuEufyf•r jktoa'k ,d ds ckn ,d iQyrs&iQwyrs jgs

xqyke oa'k (1206&90)

f•yth oa'k (1290&1320)

rqxyd oa'k (1320&1414)

lSÕ;n oa'k (1414&51)

yksnh jktoa'k (1451&1526)

xqyke oa'k (1206&90 bZ-)

1- dqrqcqíhu ,scd (1209&1210)

og ,d rqdhZ dk xqyke Fkk] ftls eksgEen xksjh us

•jhnk FkkA muds }kjk mls jkT;iky fu;qÙkQ fd;k x;k FkkA xksjh ds ckn] og fganqLrku dk ekfyd cu x;k vkSj 1206 bZLoh esa xqyke oa'k dh LFkkiuk dhA

yk• c['k ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA

1210 bZ- esa iksyks •syrs gq, e`R;q gks xbZA

mUgksaus ,d çfl¼ lwiQh lar [oktk dqrqcqíhu HkfÙkQ;kj dkdh ds lEeku esa dqrqc ehukj dk fuekZ.k 'kq: fd;kA

2- 'kElqíhu bYrqrfe'k (1211&1236)

og ,scd dk ,d oiQknkj xqyke Fkk vkSj vkje c['k dks vinLFk djus ds ckn 1211 esa fnYyh ds flagklu ij dCtk dj fy;kA

fnYyh lYrur ds okLrfod laLFkkid ds :i esa tkus tkrs gSaA

mlus ykgkSj dh txg fnYyh dks viuh jkt/kuh cuk;kA

mlus Vadk (pkanh dk flDdk)] thry (rkacs dk flDdk) fd 'kq#okr djhA

dqrqcehukj dk fuekZ.k Hkh iwjk djk;kA

3- #duqíhu (1236)

mudh ekrk 'kkg rqdkZuh Fkha

ckn esa jft;k lqYrku us mUgsa vinLFk dj fn;k Fkk

(5)

+91-9310414677

(5)

4- jft;k lqYrku (1236&1240)

og lYrur dky esa igyh vkSj ,dek=k efgyk eqfLye 'kkld Fkha

1240 esa] vYrqfu;k] tks HkfVaMk ds xouZj Fks] us jft;k ds f•ykiQ foæksg dj fn;kA jft;k us ;kdwr ds lkFk&

tks fd ,d oiQknkj nkl Fkk vYrqfu;k ds f•ykiQ p<+kbZ dhA gkykafd jkLrs esa vYrqfu;k us ;kdwr dh gR;k djok nh vkSj jft;k dks canh cuk fy;kA ckn esa jft;k us vYrqfu;k ls 'kknh dh vkSj mlls 'kknh djus ds ckn] fnYyh pyh xbZ tgka cgjke 'kkg us jkLrs esa mls gjk fn;k vkSj ekj MkykA

5- cgjke 'kkg (1240&1242)

og bYrqrfe'k dk rhljk iq=k Fkk vkSj mls pkyhlk uked rqdhZ ifj"kn }kjk flagklu ij fcBk;k x;k FkkA

og ,d oS/ 'kkld Fkk] uk;c , eydr okLrfod 'kkld FkkA

6- elwn 'kkg (1242&1246) 7- ulh#íhu egewn (1246&1266) 8- x;klqíhu cycu (1266&1287)

og 1266 esa 'kkld cus

lSU; foHkkx nhoku&,&vkfjt dh LFkkiuk dhA

mUgksaus fty&b&bykgh dh mikf/ /kj.k dh 9- dSdqckn (1287 & 1290)

og cycu dk iksrk FkkA tYn gh mudh txg muds csVs dSewj us ys yhA 1290 esa f•yth ifjokj us mudh gR;k dj nh vkSj xqyke oa'k dk var gks x;kA

f[kyth oa'k (1290&1320)

1- tykyqíhu f[kyth (1290&11296)

mUgksaus f•yth jktoa'k dh LFkkiuk dh 2- vykmíhu f[kyth (1296&1316)

mUgksaus /eZ dks jktuhfr ls vyx dj fn;kA

mUgksaus ,d cM+h LFkk;h lsuk LFkkfir djh vkSj mUgsa vius 'kkgh •tkus ls udn esa Hkqxrku fd;kA

mUgksaus nkx (?kksM+ksa dh czkafMax) vkSj gqfy;k (lSfudksa dh o.kZukRed lwph) dh ç.kkyh dh 'kq#vkr dhA

mUgksaus jktLo olwyh ds mís'; ls eqLr•jkt uked fo'ks"k vf/dkjh dk ,d in l`ftr fd;k

vehj •qljks muds njckjh dfo FksA 3- eqckjd [kku (1316&1320) 4- [kqljks [kku (1320)

rqxyd oa'k (1320 & 1414)

1- x;klqíhu rqxyd (1320&1325)

rqxyd oa'k dh LFkkiuk dhA

mUgksaus fnYyh ds ikl rqxydkckn dh uhao j•hA

2- eksgEen fcu rqxyd (1325&1351)

bUgsa cqf¼eku ew•Z Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

nf{k.k Hkkjr dks csgrj <ax ls fu;af=kr djus ds fy,] mlus viuh jkt/kuh dks fnYyh ls nsofxjh LFkkukarfjr dj fn;kA mUgksaus iwjh vkcknh dks ubZ jkt/kuh nsofxjh esa ys tkus ds fy, etcwj fd;k vkSj bldk uke cnydj nkSyrkckn dj fn;kA nks lky ckn] mUgksaus nkSyrkckn dks NksM+ fn;k vkSj nkSyrkckn esa ikuh dh vkiwfrZ dh deh ds dkj.k okil fnYyh vk x,A nksuksa LFkku 1500 fdyksehVj ls vf/d nwj Fks vkSj xfeZ;ksa esa dfBu ;k=kk ds nkSjku dbZ yksxksa dh e`R;q gks xbZA

1329 esa mUgksaus lksus vkSj pkanh ds flDdksa dks cnyus ds fy, rkacs ls cuh ,d Vksdu eqæk dh 'kq#vkr dhA rkacs ds tkyh flDds cukuk vklku Fkk vkSj tYn gh

(6)

yksxksa us vius flDds cukus 'kq: dj fn, ftlls cktkj esa voewY;u gks x;kA ckn esa mlus viuk iQSlyk jí dj fn;k vkSj lHkh flDdksa dks lksus@pkanh ds flDdksa ls cny fn;k x;k] ftlls •tkuk •kyh gks x;kA

Fkêðk esa mudk fu/u gks x;kA

eksjDdks dk ;k=kh bCu crwrk mlds 'kkludky esa fnYyh vk;k Fkk

3- fiQjkst 'kkg rqxyd (1351 & 1388)

mlds 'kkludky ds nkSjku tft;k ,d vyx dj cu x;kA

mUgksaus fnYyh esa ,d vLirky dh LFkkiuk dh] ftls nkj my f'kiQk dgk tkrk gS

xjhc yM+fd;ksa dh 'kknh ds fy, nhoku , •Sjkr dk u;k foHkkx cuk;k x;kA

fiQjkst 'kkg dh e`R;q ds ckn] fnYyh lYrur dk fo?kVu 'kq: gks x;k vkSj xqtjkr vkSj ekyok tSls çkarksa us Lora=krk dh ?kks"k.kk dhA

1398 esa rSewj dk vkØe.k& og eè; ,f'k;k ds ,d eaxksy 'kkld] paxst •ku dk oa'kt FkkA mlus rhu fnuksa rd fnYyh dks ywVk vkSj gtkjksa yksxksa dh gR;k dhA og 1399 esa Hkkjr ls okil pyk x;kA

lSÕ;n jktoa'k (1414&1450)

1- f•tz •ku (1414&1421)

2- eqckjd 'kkg (1421 & 1433 lhbZ)

3- eqgEen 'kkg (1434 & 1443) 4- vkye 'kkg (1445 & 1451)

yksnh jktoa'k (1451 & 1526)

1- cgyksy yks/h (1451 & 1489)

mUgksaus yks/h oa'k dh LFkkiuk dhA

1489 esa mudh e`R;q gks xbZ vkSj muds iq=k fldanj yks/h us mudk mÙkjkf/dkjh cuk fy;kA

2- fldanj yks/h (1489 & 1517)

mlus viuh jkt/kuh dks fnYyh ls vkxjk LFkkukarfjr dj fn;kA

mUgksaus 32 vadksa dh xt&,&fldanjh dh 'kq#vkr dh]

tks •srksa dh •srh ds fy, ,d u;k eki FkkA 3- bczkfge yksnh (1517 & 1526)

mlus iatkc ds jkT;iky nkSyr •ku yks/h dks viekfur fd;k vkSj mlds 'kkludky ds nkSjku jktk vkSj njckfj;ksa ds chp cgqr vlarks"k FkkA mlds bl joS;s ls ukjkt gksdj nkSyr •ku yks/h us ckcj dks Hkkjr ij vkØe.k djus ds fy, vkeaf=kr fd;kA

ckcj us fnYyh ds f•ykiQ ekpZ fd;k] 1526 esa ikuhir dh igyh yM+kbZ esa bczkfge yksnh dks gjk;k vkSj ekj Mkyk vkSj blus Hkkjr esa eqxy 'kklu dh 'kq#vkr dhA