Integrated prototyping and rendering system for the display of ceramic finds

%C$""E!>>FGCAF?F9!HI$!<?J>A>FK(>>FGAF?FL8&<MAB!

N!#O"PQ+C#$R,+!P;S4(:/(&59!/''MTKK*-:M;.C*(S%.M;S4(:/(&5J('!

! "#$%&'#$() * &+#+#,*!"%) ' ^"() & $"($&!"%) - ^,-#$.) / ^+&) # ^0$) ( ^!-*1',) + ^/) 2 $&'.!2) / ^!"(- )

5&6%"4"-'78$..&9:';.$)&'<$44")"99:'="8&'(&##-999:'!->&."&'?&/%-99999'

UQ&(L%.:('6!1)!P-4%.219!H%M-.'%2%&'!1)!O.*/('%*';.%!V!P-4%.219!$'-46J!

UUO.*/%1415(:'!1)!O.*/%1415(*-4!W;:%;2!O&'1&(1!"-4(&-:!1)!P-4%.219!$'-46J!

UUUP/H!(&!X(:'1(.%!0%!4Y-.'!%'!-.*/Z1415(%!(:4-2([;%:!C!Q&(L%.:('6!P-.(:C"1.S1&&%9!\.-&*%!-&0!Q&(L%.:('6!1)!W%::(&-9!$'-46J!

UUUUU].-0;-'%0!(&!O.*/('%*';.%!-'!'/%!Q&(L%.:('6!1)!P-4%.219!$'-46J!

'3456785)

3/%! M.1^%*'9! *-..(%0! 1;'! (&! *144-S1.-'(1&! S%'_%%&! '/%! H%M-.'2%&'! 1)! O.*/('%*';.%! 1)! P-4%.21! -&0! '/%! O.*/-%1415(*-4!

W;:%;2! O&'1&(&1! "-4(&-:! 1)! P-4%.219! M.1M1:%:! -! :6:'%2! 1)! (&'%5.-'(1&! -&0! .%*1&:'.;*'(1&! 1)! *%.-2(*! -.'%)-*':9! ;:(&5!

210%4(&59!FH!M.(&'(&5!-&0!.%&0%.(&5!M.1*%::%:!)1.!-&!(&'%5.-'%0!2;:%;2!%`/(S('(1&!:6:'%2J!$&!'/(:!_-6!'/%!L(%_%.:!*-&!

1S:%.L%!'/%!).-52%&'!&%-.(&5!'/%!.%C.%*1&:'.;*'%0!).-52%&'!(&!(':!1.(5(&-4!21.M/14156!-&0!-&!(&'%.-*'(L%!0(5('-4!210%4!(&!

_/(*/!*-&!-4:1!1S:%.L%!'/%!2%'.(*!-:M%*'!-&09!_/%.%!M.%:%&'9!'/%!0%*1.-'(L%!-MM-.-';:J!

9:;<=6>4)

"\W9!$2-5%CS-:%0!W10%4(&59!EQ+R"!210%4(&59!P14651&-4!210%4(&59!FH!M.(&'(&59!O.*/-%1415(*-4!/%.('-5%!

@A 2)*%-0B#*"-) !

3/%! M.%:%&'! _1.a9! (:! '/%! .%:;4'! 1)! '/%!

*144-S1.-'(1&! S%'_%%&! '/%! H%M-.'2%&'! 1)!

O.*/('%*';.%! 1)! P-4%.21! -&0! '/%! O.*/-%1415(*-4!

W;:%;2! O&'1&(&1! "-4(&-:! 1)! P-4%.219! -&0!

M.1M1:%:!-!:6:'%2!1)!0%'%*'(1&!-&0!(&'%5.-'(1&!1)!

*%.-2(*! -.'%)-*':! )1.! %`/(S('(1&! M;.M1:%:T! -! '6M%!

1)!M-&!bP-&'%44%.(-&!_-.%c!$7C7!*%&';.6!OH9!)1;&0!

(&! #-:'%441! 0%44-! P(%'.-9! -! S1_4! 0-'(&5! ).12! '/%!

%&0!1)!'/%!d!*%&';.69!-&0!'/%!S%5(&&(&5!1)!'/%!d$!

*%&';.69!)1;&0!(&!P-4%.21!(&!P(-ee-!R%44(&(9!-&0!-!

S%44C:/-M%0! *;M! 1)! '/%! :%*1&0! /-4)! 1)! '/%! d$$9!

)1;&0!-'!P-4-ee1!0%44-!f(:-!(&!P-4%.21J!

3/%! :';06! 0%L%41M:! -&0! (&'%5.-'%:! -! M(41'!

M.1^%*'!*1&0;*'%0!(&!>?<B9!'/%!1;'*12%!1)!_/(*/!

_-:!'1!0%L%41M!-!M14651&-4!210%4!1)!'/%!)(&0!-&0!

-! EQ+R"! 210%4! 1)! '/%! 2(::(&5! M1.'(1&9! ;:%0! )1.!

S1'/! '/%! FH! M.(&'(&5! M.1*%::! -&0! -! L(:;-4(e-'(1&!

L(.';-4! :6:'%2! =OL%44-9! "-**19! "M-'-)1.-9! P%ee(&(9!

"(.-5;:-9!>?<B@J!

#12M-.%0! '1! '/%! )(.:'! M.1^%*'9! '/%! (::;%:! '/-'!

_%.%! 4%)'! ;&.%:14L%0! /-L%! S%%&! -00.%::%0T! '/%!

(&'%5.-'(1&!1)!)(&0:!_('/!21.%!*12M4%`!)1.2!-&0!

_('/!M.%:%&*%!1)!(..%5;4-.!5-M:!-&0!'/%!.%&0%.(&5!

1)! '/%! '%`';.%0! 210%49! (&! (':! .%*1&)(5;.-'(1&!

/6M1'/%:(:T!:1!('Y:!M1::(S4%!'1!.%M.10;*%!&1'!1&46!

'/%!21.M/1415(*-4!(&'%5.-'(1&9!S;'!-4:1!'/%!L(:;-4!

-MM%-.-&*%! 1)! '/%! 2-'%.(-4! -&0! '/%! 0%*1.-'(L%!

-MM-.-';:9!_/%.%!M.%:%&'J!

3/(:! 4-:'! M/-:%! 1)! '/%! M.1*%::! -441_:! '1!

/6M1'/%:(e%! '/%! .%-4(e-'(1&! 1)! -&! (&'%.-*'(L%! FH!

L(.';-4! *-'-415! '/-'! :/1_:! '/%! )(&0(&5:! (&! '/%(.!

*;..%&'! *1&)(5;.-'(1&! -&0! '/%(.! .%C%:'-S4(:/%0!

(&'%5.('6

^<

J!

@A@',C$'+")0>'

3/%!M1''%.(%:!:/%.0:9!;:%0!-:!:-2M4%:!_('/(&!

'/(:! :%*1&0! :'-5%! =OL%44-9! "-**19! "(.-5;:-9!

"M-'-)1.-! g! P%ee(&(! >?<B@ 1)! '/%! M.1^%*'! )1.!

:'.;*';.(&5! -! 41_C*1:'! :6:'%2! )1.! :;.L-6(&59!

210%44(&59! M.1'1'6M(&5! -&0! (&'%.-*'(L%!

L(:;-4(e-'(1&9! /-L%! S%%&! :%4%*'%0! -5-(&! -21&5!

'/1:%!0%:'(&%0!)1.!'/%!&%_!4-61;'!1)!'/%!2%0(%L-4!

:%*'(1&! 1)! '/%! O&'1&(&1! "-4(&-:! W;:%;2! (&!

P-4%.21J!!

3/%6! -.%! 0(:'.(S;'%0! -41&5! -! _(0%! '(2%! :M-&!

=).12!B'/!'1!<>'/!*%&';.6@!-&0!/-L%!S%%&!)1;&0!

(&! '/.%%! 0())%.%&'! -.*/-%1415(*-4! :('%:T! #-:'%441!

0%44-! P(%'.-! =(&! 3.-M-&(! 0(:'.(*'@! =EJ$J! Ah>B<@9!

M(-ee-! R%44(&(! =EJ$J! DDh?F@! -&0! '/%! f(:-! P-4-*%!

=EJ$J!>8FB8@!(&!P-4%.21J!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

<

!3/%!(&'.10;*'(1&!(:!_.(''%&!S6!\-S.(e(1!OL%44-9!P.1^%*'!

#11.0(&-'1.J!

AD!

!

/?@A)BC)P4-*%:!1)!0(:*1L%.6!1)!'/%!)(&0:J)

! 3/%6! -.%! -! *11a(&5! M1'! -&0! '_1! 4%-0C54-e%0!

1M%&!:/-M%:!-&0!M.%:%&'!0())%.%&'!M.1S4%2:!S1'/!

).12! '/%! M1(&'! 1)! L(%_! 1)! .%:'1.-'(1&! -&0!

%`/(S('(1&J!

3/%!*11a(&5!M1'!=EJ$J!Ah>B<@!(:!-!bP-&'%44%.(-&!

_-.%c! S-a(&5! M-&! )1;&0! 0;.(&5! '/%! 0(55(&5!

*-2M-(5&:! *-..(%0! 1;'! (&! <G8FC<G8A! -'! #-:'%441!

0%44-! P(%'.-

^>

J! 3/%! bP-&'%44%.(-&! _-.%c! _-:!

(0%&'()(%0!S6!\;4)1.0!-&0!P%-*1*a!-'!#-.'/-5%9!(&!

:'.-'(5.-M/(*! 4%L%4:! 1)! A'/! -&0! B'/! *%&';.6!

=\;4)1.0! g! P%-*1*a! <GhA@J! 3/%! %`*-L-'(1&! -'!

"*-;.(9!-!41*-'(1&!1&!'/%!(:4-&0!1)!P-&'%44%.(-9!/-L%!

*1&)(.2%0!'/%!(0%&'()(*-'(1&J!O!M1''%.6!_1.a:/1M!

_('/!a(4&9!0-'%0!S%'_%%&!'/%!A'/!-&0!B'/!*%&';.69!

/-:! S%%&! %`*-L-'%0! (&! '/%! L(44-5%! 1)! "*-;.(! "*-41!

_/(4%9! (&! '/%! "*-;.(! /-.S1.9! 1&%! :/(M_.%*a! _('/!!

bP-&'%44%.(-&!_-.%c!41-0!/-:!S%%&!)1;&0 ="-&'1.1!

R(-&*/(9!];(0;**(!g!3;:-!>??F9!R-40-::-.(!>?<B@J!

3/%! bP-&'%44%.(-&! _-.%c! (:! -! *11a(&5! _-.%!

M-.'(*;4-.46!.%:(:'-&'!'1!'/%.2-4!:/1*a!0;%!'1!'/%!

M.%:%&*%! (&! '/%! )-S.(*! 1)! :12%! L14*-&(*! 2(&%.-4:!

'6M(*-4! 1)! '/(:! (:4-&0J! 3/(:! M.10;*'(1&! _-:!

0%L%41M%0! ).12! '/%! >&0! *%&';.6! R#! ;&'(4! '/%!

S%5(&&(&5! 1)! '/%! 8'/! *%&';.6! S;'! .%-*/%0! -!

0());:(1&!M%-a!(&!'/%!A'/!-&0!B'/!*%&';.(%:!_/%&!

('! _-:! _(0%46! 2-.a%'%0! -41&5! '/%! .1;'%:! 1)! '/%!

*%&'.-4! -&0! _%:'%.&! W%0('%..-&%-&! ="-&'1.1!

R(-&*/(! >??F@J! 3/%! %`%2M4-.! )1;&0! -'! #-:'%441!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

>

!\1.!'/%!S(S4(15.-M/6!1&!'/%!:('%!:%%!HYO&5%419!\J!=<GG8@J!i-!

*%.-2(*-!(:4-2(*-!=:%*1&0-!2%'j!d!V!M.(2-!2%'j!d$!:%*141@!

0%441!:*-L1!0%4!#-:'%441!0%44-!P(%'.-!=#12;&%!0(!

#-:'%4L%'.-&1@9!(&!7**"'0$..$'($#-)0$'D"-%)&*$'2)*$%)&4"-)&."' 0"'(*B0"'>B..E&%$&';."3&'FD"6$..")&:'GGHGI'-**-6%$JJ!P(:-C ](S%44(&-T!,0(e(1&(!0%44-!E1.2-4%J!

0%44-!P(%'.-!S%41&5:!'1!-!21.M/1415(*!'6M%!_(0%46!

%`M1.'%0!).12!"*-;.(!-&0!0());:%0!(&!'/%!_%:'%.&!

W%0('%..-&%-&! S%'_%%&! B'/! -&0! D'/! *%&';.6!

=R-40-::-..(!>?<B@J!$'!(:!-!S-a(&5!M-&!_('/!%L%.'%0!

-&0! '/(*a%&%0! .(2! =H! 1.! b/-4)C-421&0c! M.1)(4%@9!

2-0%!_('/1;'!'/%!;:%!1)!-!)-:'!_/%%4!S;'!)(&(:/%0!

1&! _/%%4J! $'! _-:! :%4%*'%0! )1.! '/%! %`/(S('(1&!

S%*-;:%! ('! '%:'()(%:9! -41&5! _('/! 1'/%.! M1''%.69! -!

4-'%!.12-&!M/-:%!-'!#-:'%441!0%44-!P(%'.-J!!

3/%! /%2(:M/%.(*! S1_4! =EJ$J! DDh?F@9! _('/!

:(2M4%! .(2! -&0! .(&5! S-:%9! *12%! ).12! -!

0%*1&'%`';-4(e%0! -::%2S4-5%! %`*-L-'%0! (&! <GAh!

(&! '/%! P(-ee-! R%44(&(! =P-4%.21@J! 3/(:! M(%*%! (:!

*/-.-*'%.(e%0! S6! -! 5.%%&! -&0! S.1_&! 0%*1.-'(1&9!

-*/(L%0! S6! -! :%.(%:! 1)! 01':! -&0! :M4-:/%:! 1)!

*141;.:J! $&! M-.'(*;4-.9! '/%! *%&'.-4! 21'()! (:! -! :'-.!

:;..1;&0%0! S6! -! *(.*4%! ).12! _/(*/! -! :%.(%:! 1)!

S-&0:! -4'%.&-'(L%46! 5.%%&! -&0! S.1_&! S.-&*/! 1))J!

3/%! )-S.(*! 1)! '/(:! S1_4! :;55%:':! '/-'! ('! (:! -&!

,56M'(-&!M.10;*'(1&

^F

J!!

3/%!'6M%!1)!0%*1.-'(1&!'/-'!*/-.-*'%.(e%:!'/(:!

S1_49! -441_! ;:! '1! (&:%.'! '/(:! M(%*%! (&! -! 5.1;M! 1)!

M1''%.6!a&1_&!-:!b:M4-:/%0!_-.%cJ!$&!'/%!$:4-2(*!

_1.40!:M4-:/%0!_-.%!(:!1&%!1)!'/%!%-.4(%:'!'6M%:!1)!

54-e%0! M.10;*'(1&9! %L%&! ()! '/(:! 5.1;M! (0%&'()(%:!

M1''%.(%:! M.10;*%0! (&! 0())%.%&'! *%&'.%:9! _/(*/!

%2M416!0())%.%&'!'%*/&([;%:J!$&!:/1.'9!'/%.%!(:!&1!

*4%-.!0%)(&('(1&!1)!:M4-:/%0!_-.%!S;'!'/%!*1221&!

0%&12(&-'1.! (:! '/%! M.%:%&*%! 1)! :M4-:/%0!

0%*1.-'(1&J!!

3/%! (&'.10;*'(1&! 1)! '/%! :M4-:/%0! _-.%9! 1.!

S%''%.!1)!'/%!M1''%.6!_('/!-!:M4-:/%0!0%*1.-'(1&

^A

9!

(&!P-4%.21!/-:!.%*%&'46!S%%&!%:'-S4(:/%0!S%'_%%&!

'/%! %&0! 1)! '/%! <?'/! V! )(.:'! /-4)! 1)! <<'/! *%&';.6!

=O.0(ee1&%9!P%ee(&(9!"-**1!>?<Dk!"-**19!(&!M.%::@J!

$'! /-:! S%%&! :;MM1:%0! '/-'! '/%! M.%:%&*%! 1)! '/%:%!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

F

! l%! L(:;-446! *12M-.%0! '/(:! )-S.(*! _('/! :12%! -&-46:%0!

M%'.15.-M/(*-4469! :%%! "-**19! 7J! =(&! M.%::@J! K$%&3"#&' #-)' 0$#-%&4"-)$' &' >L.&>C' 0&' <&.$%3-' F+")$' M' N' L%"3&' 3$*O' M2'

>$#-.-J9! (&! <<'/! #1&5.%::! O$,#WF! 1&! W%0(%L-4! -&0! W10%.&!

P%.(10! W%0('%..-&%-&! #%.-2(*:9! %! "-**19! 7J! =>?<D@J! P)$' +$)Q*%$'>B%'<&.$%3$'$)*%$'.$'2M$'$*'.&'L%$3"R%$'3-"*"S'0B'M22$'

>"R#.$J!P/H!'/%:(:9!Q&(L%.:('Z!P-.(:C"1.S1&&%!%!Q&(L%.:('j!0(!

W%::(&- J

A

! \1.! '/%! 0())%.%&*%! S%'_%%&! '/%:%! '_1! 0%)(&('(1&:! :%%!

O.0(ee1&%9! \J9! P%ee(&(9! ,J! g! "-**19! 7J! =>?<D@J! 3/%! .14%! 1)!

P-4%.21! (&! '/%! *%&'.-4! W%0('%..-&%-&T! %L14;'(1&! 1)! '/%!

/-.S1;.!-&0!*(.*;4-'(1&!1)!*%.-2(*:!=<?'/C<<'/!*%&';.(%:@9!(&!

T-B%)&.' -+' 2>.&3"#' 7%#C&$-.-/U9! >J>! =MMJ! >>GC>B8@!k! "-**19! 7J!

=>?<D@J!Q&%!)%&m'.%!:;.!P-4%.2%!%&'.%!4%!$d%!%'!4-!M.%2(n.%!

21('(Z!0;!d$$%!:(n*4%J!P/H!'/%:(:9!Q&(L%.:('Z!P-.(:C"1.S1&&%!%!

Q&(L%.:('j! 0(! W%::(&-!k! "-**19! 7J! =(&! M.%::@J! K$%&3"#&' #-)' 0$#-%&4"-)$' &' >L.&>C' 0&' <&.$%3-' F+")$' M' N' L%"3&' 3$*O' M2'

>$#-.-J9! (&! <<'/! #1&5.%::! O$,#WF! 1&! W%0(%L-4! -&0! W10%.&!

P%.(10!W%0('%..-&%-&!#%.-2(*:J!

A8! ! '6M%!1)!M1''%.6!=S1'/!(2M1.'-'(1&!).12!,56M'!-&0!

41*-4! (2('-'(1&:@! (:! '/%! *1&:%[;%&*%! 1)! *41:%.!

*1&'-*':!S%'_%%&!"(*(46!-&0!,56M'9!M1::(S46!-)'%.!

'/%!'.-&:)%.!1)!'/%!\-'(2(0!*-M('-4!'1!,56M'!(&!G8F!

=O.0(ee1&%9!P%ee(&(9!"-**1!>?<Dk!"-**19!(&!M.%::@J!!

3/%!5.%%&!54-e%0!S1_4!=EJ$J!>8FB8@!_-:!)1;&0!

0;.(&5!%`*-L-'(1&:!*1&0;*'%0!(&!<G8F!-'!'/%!f(:-!

P-4-*%! (&! P-4%.21J! 3/%! f(:-! P-4-*%! (:! 1&%! 1)! '/%!

.16-4! :;S;.S-&! .%:(0%&*%:! S;(4'! 0;.(&5! '/%!

E1.2-&!M%.(10!=<>'/!*%&';.6@!(&:(0%!'/%!M-.a!1)!

'/%! ]%&1-.01J! H-'-S4%! S%'_%%&! <<DA! -&0! <<8B9!

(':! *1&:'.;*'(1&! /-:! S%%&! -''.(S;'%0! '1! '/%! a(&5:!

l(44(-2!$!-&0!$$ =H(!i(S%.'1!>?<F@J!

!

!

/?@A)DC)#11a(&5!M1'!1)!bP-&'%44%.(-&!_-.%c!=#-:'%441!0%44-!

P(%'.-9!EJ!$J!!Ah>B<@J)

! 3/%! %`*-L-'(1&:9! *1&0;*'%0! (&! <G8F! 0;.(&5!

'/%! .%:'1.-'(1&! 1)! '/%! S;(40(&59! -.%! :'(44!

;&M;S4(:/%0

^B

J! P1''%.6! )(&0:! -.%! M.%:%.L%0! -'! '/%!

O.*/-%1415(*-4! W;:%;2! -&0! *1&:'(';'%! -&!

%`'.-1.0(&-.6!:%'!)1.!'/%(.![;-4('6k!'/%6!-.%!(&!)-*'!

-! .-.%! '%:'(21&6! 1)! '/%! '-S4%! _-.%! ;:%0! -'! '/%!

*1;.'! 1)! '/%! E1.2-&! a(&5:! 1)! "(*(46J! 3/%.%! -.%!

S1'/!4;`;.(1;:!*%.-2(*:!(2M1.'%0!).12!,56M'!-&0!

'/%! %-:'%.&! W%0('%..-&%-&! -&0! *%.-2(*:!

M.10;*%0! (&! P-4%.21J! 3/%! S1_4! (:! -! M-4%.2('-&!

M.10;*'!1)!'/%!:%*1&0!/-4)!1)!'/%!<>'/!*%&';.6J!$'!

(:!0%%M9!_('/!!%L%.'%0!.(2!-&0!/(5/!S-:%!-&0!('!(:!

*1L%.%0! _('/! 5.%%&! 54-e%J! 3/(:! S1_4! (:! L%.6!

:(2(4-.!S1'/!'1!'/%!S1_4:!M.10;*%0!(&!'/%!M1''%.6!

_1.a:/1M! )1;&0! 0;.(&5! '/%! %`*-L-'(1&:! -'! '/%!

'/%-'%.!1)!"-&'-!#%*(4(-!(&!P-4%.21!="M-'-)1.-9!H(!

i%1&-.01! g! #-&e1&(%.(! >?<A@! -&0! '1! '/%! S1_4:!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

B

! ,`*%M'! )1.! -! S.(%)! &%_:! 5(L%&! S6! 3;:-9! 7J! =<G8D@J!

";44Y-.*/%1415(-! 2%0(%L-4%! =*1&! -**%&&(! -54(! :*-L(! %:%5;('(!

-441! "'%.(! %! -44-! f(:-@9! (&! 7**"' 0$.' #-..-VB"-' ")*$%)&4"-)&.$' 0"'

&%#C$-.-/"&' 3$0"$8&.$9! =P-4%.21C,.(*%9! >?C>>! :%''%2S.%!

<G8A@! =MMJ! <?AC<?G@J! P-4%.21T! Q&(L%.:('j! 0%54(! :';0(! 0(!

P-4%.21J!$:'(';'1!0(!:'1.(-!2%0(%L-4%J!

-''%:'%0! (&! '/%! a(4&! _-:'%! )1;&0! (&! L(-! i;&5-.(&(!

(&!P-4%.21

^D

C

⁸

J!

!

!

/?@A)EC)X%2(:M/%.(*!S1_4!=P(-ee-!R%44(&(9!P-4%.219!EJ$J!

DDh?F@J)

!

!

/?@A)FC)].%%&!54-e%0!S1_4!=f(:-!P-4-*%9!P-4%.219!EJ$J!!>8FB8@J)

GA! GA' (B%8&U'*C%-B/C'(5?'&)0'/$)$%&*"-)'-+' L-.U/-)&.'3$>C$>'C'

3/%! 2%'/1014156! ;:%0! )1.! 0-'-! -*[;(:('(1&!

_-:! S-:%0! 1&! '/%! 23&/")/HW&>$0' ?-0$.")/!

'%*/&([;%9! _/(*/! (&*4;0%:! '/%! M/1'15.-22%'.(*!

M.1*%::! -&0! K-3LB*$%' =">"-)! '/.1;5/! '/%!

0%L%41M2%&'! 1)! -451.('/2:! -&0! *-4*;4-'(1&!

:'.-'%5(%:!*-44%0!(*%B#*B%$'+%-3'?-*"-)

^h

J!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

D

!HYO&5%419!\J!=>?<A@J!Q&!b5%*'-';.(c!0%4!d$$!:%*141!-!P-4%.21T!

41! :*-.(*1! 0(! )1.&-*%! 0(! P-4-ee1! i;&5-.(&(9! (&! W(4-&%:%9! WJ9!

#-2(&&%*(9!7J9!P-.%4419!#J!g!+(ee19!WJ"J9!=-!*;.-!0(@9!H-4!S;''1!

-44-! "'1.(-J! $&0-5(&(! -.*/%1415(*/%! '.-! W%0(1%L1! %!

P1:'2%0(1%L19! (&! 7%#C$-.-/"&' <->*3$0"$8&.$' @G! =MMJ! FBCAF@J!

\(.%&e%T!O44Y$&:%5&-!0%4!](54(1@9!_('/!S(S4(15.-M/6J!

8

!3/(:!M-.-5.-M/!(:!%&'(.%46!_.(''%&!S6!,4%&-!P%ee(&(!-&0!7(L-!

"-**1J!

8

(Remondino, F. e El-Hakim, S. (2006). Image-based 3d

modelling: a review. The Photogrammetric Record 21, (pp. 269-

291) e (Barazzetti L., Remondino F., Scaioni M., (2011).

Ah!

Q&4(a%! '.-0('(1&-4! M/1'15.-22%'.(*!

'%*/&([;%:! '/-'! .%[;(.%! '/%! ;:%! 1)! -! *-4(S.-'%0!

*-2%.-! 1.! -! M/1'15.-22%'.(*! *-2%.-9! -&6!

*-2%.-!*-&!S%!;:%0!)1.!'/%!"\W9!)1.!_/(*/!1&46!-!

)%_! M-.-2%'%.:! -.%! .%[;(.%09! M.1L(0(&5! '1! '-a%!

1&46!-!2%-:;.%9!0%'%*'%0!0(.%*'46!1&!'/%!1S^%*'!1.!

(&! '/%! %&L(.1&2%&'9! '/-'! *-&! :%.L%! '1! 0(2%&:(1&!

'/%!M1(&':!*41;0J!

!

!

/?@A)GC)"*/%2%!)1.!5%&%.-'(&5!M/1'1!*4;:'%.:J)

/?@A)HC)#4;:'%.!1)!M/1'1:!=EJ$J!DDh?F@J)

3/%!5%&%.-4!_1.a)41_!(&L14L%:!*-M';.(&5!0-'-! ! ).12! -! M/1'15.-M/(*! :%'! *-44%0! #.B>*$%J! 3/%!

)(&0(&5:! _%.%! M4-*%0! -'! '/%! *%&'%.! 1)! -! :%4)C

*1&:'.;*'%0!M/1'15.-22%'.(*!'-S4%!(&!O?!)1.2-'9!

:;('-S4%! )1.! :*-&&(&5! 2%0(;2C:(e%0! )(&0:! '1!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Automated and accurate orientation of complex image sequences. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXVIII-5/W16, online, pp. 277-284).

0%'%.2(&%!'/%!&;2S%.!1)!M1:%:!=;M!'1!-!2-`(2;2!

1)!DA!)1.!%-*/!:%'@J!

P/1'1:! _%.%! '-a%&! ;:(&5! -! #-&1&! ,I"! <F??H!

+%)4%`! H(5('-4! #-2%.-! _('/! -! <hKBB! 22! 4%&:9!

%[;(MM%0! _('/! -! K-3L.$3$)*&%U' ?$*&.HXY"0$' ($3"#-)0B#*-%' =#WI"@! :%&:1.J! 3/%! 2-`(2;2!

.%:14;'(1&! 1)! '/%! *-2%.-! ;:%0! (:! hJ?! 2%5-M(`%4:9!

%[;(L-4%&'!'1!F>DA`>AAh!M(`%4:J!$&!'/%!M/1'1!:%'!

-.%! M4-*%0! '/%! :[;-.%:! '/-'! _(44! S%! ;:%0! (&! '/%!

&%`'! :'-5%! )1.! M1(&':! *41;0! 0(2%&:(1&(&5! -&0!

)-*(4('-'%!'/%!2-'*/(&5!M/-:%J!

O&1'/%.!a%6!-:M%*'!_-:!'1!M%.)1.2!-!5110!:%'!

1)! :/1':! =-'! 4%-:'! >A! :/1':@9! '.%-'(&5

%&L(.1&2%&'-4! 4(5/'(&5! _('/! -! /1215%&%1;:!

0(:'.(S;'(1&!1)!4(5/'!1&!-44!:;.)-*%:9!'-a(&5!*-.%!'1!

:%'! '/%! $"I! S%'_%%&! <??KA??! '1! -L1(0! %`*%::(L%!

&1(:%k! (&! -00('(1&9! ('! /-:! S%%&! -''%2M'%0! &1'! '1!

*.%-'%! :/-01_:! 1'/%.! '/-&! '/%! 1&%! M.10;*%0! S6!

'/%!1S^%*'!(':%4)!;:(&5!-!'.(M10J!3/(:!(&('(-4!:'%M!(:!

*.;*(-4!'1!5%''(&5!M1(&'!*41;0:!1)!5110![;-4('6J!

!

!

/?@A)IC)P1(&'!*41;0:!=EJ$JJ!Ah>B<9!EJ$JJ!DDh?F9!EJ$J!>8FB8@J)

AG! ! I&*%!'/%!(2-5%!.%M1:('1.6!(:!0%)(&%09!'/%!&%`'!

:'%M! *1&*%.&:! '/%! M.1*%::(&5! 1)! M/1'15.-M/(*!

0-'-! '/.1;5/! '/%! 1M%&! :1;.*%! :1)'_-.%' <U*C-)'

<C-*-/%&33$*%U',--.6-Y =PP3@ =W1;41&!g!R%ee(9!

>?<>@! -&0! '/%! ;:%! 1)! '/%! WB)0.$%' &0ZB>*3$)*'

&LL."#&*"-)J!

3/%! )(.:'! :'%M! _('/! '/%! R;&04%.! -MM4(*-'(1&! (:!

'1! (0%&'()6! '/%! *1221&! M1(&':! S%'_%%&! '/%!

0())%.%&'! =+$&*B%$>' 0$*$#*"-)@9! _/1:%! [;-4('6! (:! -!

a%6! *1&0('(1&! )1.! '/%! :;**%::);4! 1;'*12%! 1)! '/%!

M.1*%::J!3/-&a:!'1!'/(:!-;'12-'(*!1M%.-'(1&9!PP3!

:1)'_-.%!*-&!*-4*;4-'%!'/%!M1:('(1&!1)!'/%!*-2%.-!

(&! '/%! :M-*%! .%4-'(L%! '1! '/%! 1S^%*'! -&0! :'1.%! (':!

M-.-2%'%.:! S6! %4-S1.-'(&5! -! M1(&'! *41;09! S;'!

(&('(-446! 1&46! -! 41_! 0%&:('6! M1(&'! *41;0! =>L&%>$' L-")*' #.-B0@J! 3/%! &%`'! :'%M! (:! '1! 2%.5%! '/%!

)%-';.%:T!1&*%!61;!%`'.-*'!'/%!/1214151;:!M1(&':!

(&! *1221&! S%'_%%&! '/%! L-.(1;:! (2-5%:9! '/%!

M.1*%::! 21L%:! )1._-.0! '1! '/%! 3&*#C")/! :'%MJ! $&!

'/(:! _-69! 61;! /-L%! -! )(.:'! '/.%%C0(2%&:(1&-4!

.%M.%:%&'-'(1&! 1)! '/%! 1S^%*'9! ;:(&5! -&! -451.('/2!

*-44%0!"$\3!=(#&.$'2)8&%"&)*'5$&*B%$',%&)>+-%3@J!

3/%! :%*1&0! :'%M! (&L14L%:! '.-&:)%..(&5! '/%:%!

L-4;%:! ).12! R;&04%.! -MM4(*-'(1&! '1! '/%! PW7"! K!

#W7"! -MM4(*-'(1&9! _/(*/! -;'12-'(*-446! (&('(-'%:!

'/%!.%*15&('(1&!1)!2-'*/(&5!S%'_%%&!'/%!M/1'1:9!

-&0!'/%!%&0!.%:;4'!_(44!S%!-!*41;0!1)!0%&:%!M1(&':!

=0$)>$'L-")*'#.-B0@!-! :%.(%:! 1)! '/.%%C0(2%&:(1&-4!

M1(&':!'/-'!*/-.-*'%.(e%!-&0!.%M.%:%&'!'/%!:*%&%J!

$&! '/%! *-:%! 1)! '/%! 1S^%*':! :';0(%0! '/%! &;2S%.! 1)!

L%.'(*%:! 1S'-(&%0! S6! 01(&5! '/(:! M.1*%0;.%! (:! -:!

)1441_:T!

o!! )1.! EJ$J! DDh?F! '/%! *41;0! *1&:(:':! 1)! <88A<>!

M1(&':kJ!!

o!! )1.! EJ$J! Ah>B<! '/%! *41;0! *1&:(:':! 1)! <88F>D!

M1(&':k!

o!! )1.! EJ$J! >8FB8! '/%! *41;0! *1&:(:':! 1)! <AD<hF!

M1(&':J!

3/%!&%`'!:'%M!*1&*%.&:!'/%!*144(2-'(1&!1)!'/%!

M1(&'! *41;0! -&0! (':! 1M'(2(e-'(1&9! %4(2(&-'(&5!

'/1:%!L%.'(*%:!'/-'!01!&1'!S%41&5!'1!'/%!:;.)-*%!1)!

'/%!1S^%*'J!!

3/(:!*-&!S%!01&%!'/.1;5/!'_1!).%%!1M%&!:1;.*%!

:1)'_-.%9! &-2%46! K.-B0K-3L&%$ %! ?$>C[&6''

=#(5&1&(9! #-44(%.(9! #1.:(&(9! H%44%M(-&%9! ]-&1L%44(9!

+-&e;54(-9! >??h@J! I&%! );&0-2%&'-4! -:M%*'! '/-'!

&%%0:! '1! S%! *1&:(0%.%0! (:! '/-'! '/%! M1(&'! *41;09!

S%*-;:%! 1)! '/%! 5%12%'.6! 1)! '/%! 1S^%*'9! 2-6! S%!

(&*12M4%'%J! 3/%! :14;'(1&! /%.%! (:! '1! */-&5%! '/%!

M1:('(1&! 1)! '/%! 1S^%*'! -&0! 5%'! -! :%*1&0! M1(&':!

*41;0J! 3/%! -4(5&2%&'! 1.! *144(2-'(1&! 1)! '/%! '_1!

M1(&'! *41;0:! (:! 01&%! _('/! '/%! K.B-0K-3L&%$' :1)'_-.%A' 3/%! M.1*%0;.%! *1&:(:':! (&! (0%&'()6(&5!

:12%!M-(.:!1)!/1214151;:!M1(&':!=-'!4%-:'!A@!-&0!

S6! 2%-&:! 1)! -! .1'1'.-&:4-'(1&! -&0! :*-4(&5!

1M%.-'(1&9!'/%!'_1!*41;0:!-.%!-4(5&%0J!

3/%! &%`'! M/-:%! *1&*%.&:! '/%! 5%&%.-'(1&! -&0!

1M'(2(e-'(1&!1)!'/%!M14651&-4!2%:/!2-0%!'/.1;5/!

'/%!W%:/i-S!:1)'_-.%!-&0!'/%!;:%!1)!<-">>-)'?$>C'

!$#-)>*%B#*"-)! -451.('/2! =p-e/0-&9! R14('/1! g!

X1MM%9! >??D@9! -441_(&5! '/%! :/-M%! 1)! '/%! 1.(5(&-4!

1S^%*'!'1!S%!.%-4(e%0J!

31!5%'!-!21.%!0%'-(4%0!2%:/9!_%!&%%0!'1!;:%!

'/%! (B60"8">"-)' (B%+&#$>\' .--L! *122-&09! _/(*/!

-441_:! 61;! '1! (&*.%-:%! 2%:/! L%.'(*%:! S6!

5%&%.-'(&5!-&!1M'(2(e%0!1&%J!$&!'/%!-MM4(*-'(1&!1)!

'/(:!M.1*%::!('!(:!&1'%0!'/-'!'/%!%4-S1.-'%0!2%:/%:!

1)! '/%! 1S^%*':! :';0(%0! M.%:%&'%0! -! '.(-&5;4-.!

:;.)-*%!*1&:(:'(&5!1)!-!*%.'-(&!&;2S%.!1)!L%.'(*%:!

-&0!)-*%:T!

• ! '/%! M14651&-4! 210%4! EJ$J! DDh?F! *1&:(:':! 1)!

G<hAD!)-*%:!-&0!ABG>B!L%.'(*%:k!

• ! '/%! M14651&-4! 210%4! EJ$J! Ah>B<! *1&:(:':! 1)!

A>?h8h>!)-*%:!-&0!><?AFG<!L%.'(*%:k!

• ! 3/%! M14651&-4! 210%4! EJ$J! >8FB8! *1&:(:':! 1)!

8hG>D!)-*%:!-&0!ADGBD!L%.'(*%:J!!

3/%!M14651&-4!210%4!(:9!&1_9!;:-S4%!)1.!4-'%.!

:'-5%:

^!G

J!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

G

!3/%!M-.-5.-M/!(:!%&'(.%46!_.(''%&!S6!+1:-4(-!W-5.1J!!

) /?@A)JC)#144(2-'(&5!-&0!:*-4(&5!1)!M1(&'!*41;0:!=EJ$J!!Ah>B<@J!

!

B?!

]A! ?-0$.")/:']^'L%")*")/'&)0'*$Y*B%")/'

W10%4(&5!1)!'/%!2(::(&5!M-.'!1)!'/%!)(&0:!_-:!

01&%! ;:(&5! '/%! +/(&1*%.1:! :1)'_-.%9! S6! EQ+R"!

210%4(&5J!

3/%! )(&0:! /-L%! -! 5%12%'.(*! 2-'.(`! '/-'! *-&!

*4%-.46! S%! '.-*%0! S6! :;.)-*%:! 1)! .%L14;'(1&9! S;'!

%`/(S('!'/%!(&%L('-S4%!(..%5;4-.('(%:!0;%!'1!2-&;-4!

.%-4(e-'(1&J!

$&! 1.0%.! '1! 1S'-(&! '/%! -&-46'(*-446! *1..%*'!

:;.)-*%9! :'%M:! /-0! '1! S%! '-a%&! (&! '/%! )1441_(&5!

M/-:%:T! 1&! '/%! 2%:/! 1)! '/%! 210%49! '/.%%! M1(&':!

_%.%!(0%&'()(%0!'/-'!_1;40!-441_!'1!(0%&'()6!:12%!

*(.*4%:! 46(&5! 1&! M-.-44%4! M4-&%:k! '/%! 210%4! /-:!

S%%&!:;S:%[;%&'46!.1'-'%0!:1!-:!'1!(0%&'()6!-&!YU!

:;MM1.'!M4-&%k!'/%!(&'%.M14-'(1&!1)!'/%!*%&'%.:!1)!

'/%!*(.*;2)%.%&*%:!-441_%0!'1!0%)(&%!'/%!L%.'(*-4!

-`(:!)1;&0!S6!*/11:(&5!'/%!/6M1'/%'(*-4!1&%!'/-'!

/-0! '/%! :4(5/'%:'! M1::(S4%! 0%L(-'(1&! ).12! '/%!

*%&'%.:! 1)! '/%! *(.*;2)%.%&*%:k! '/%! (&:%.'(1&! 1)!

L%.'(*-4! :%*'(1&! M4-&%:! -441_%09! '/%.%)1.%9! '1!

%`'.-*'! 1&%! 1.! 21.%! :%*'(1&:! ;:-S4%! )1.! '/%!

*1&:'.;*'(1&! 1)! :;.)-*%:! 1)! .%L14;'(1&! 1.! '_1C '.-*a:!:_%%M:J!

3/%!:%*'(1&:!%`'.-*'%0!_%.%!*12M-.%0!'1!'/%!

%`(:'(&5! 1&%:9! ;:(&5! '.-0('(1&-4! 2%'/10:! 1)!

-.*/-%1415(*-4! :;.L-69! )(&0(&59! (&! :12%! *-:%:9!

0(:*.%M-&*(%:! *1&:(0%.%0! 0%*(:(L%! )1.! '/%!

0%)(&('(1&!1)!'/%!)(&-4!21.M/14156J!

!

/?@A)BKC))#12M-.(:1&!S%'_%%&!'/%!:%*'(1&!1!'/%!'.-0('(1&-4!

:;.L-6!-&0!:%*'(1&:!1S'-(&%0!).12!M14651&-4!2%:/!=EJ$JJ!

Ah>B<@J)

!

!

)

) )

/?@A)LT!,`'.-*'(1&!1)!'/%!:%*'(1&9!1L%.4-MM(&5!'/%!EQ+R"!210%4!_('/!'/%!M14651&!2%:/!1)!'/%!:M%*(2%&!-&0!^;`'-M1:('(1&!_('/!

'/%!M1.'(1&!1)!'/%!:;.)-*%!.%*1&:'.;*'(1&!=EJ$J!Ah>B<9!EJ$J!DDh?F9!EJ$J!>8FB8@J!

)

B<! !

!

/?@A)BBT!P.%M-.-'1.6!:4(*(&5!'1!FH!M.(&'(&5 !

! 3/%! .%4(-S(4('6! 1)! '/%! .%*1&:'.;*'(1&! _-:!

:;S:%[;%&'46! L%.()(%0! S6! :;M%.(2M1:(&5! '/%!

-&-46'(*-4! :;.)-*%! _('/! '/%! %`'.-M14-'%0! 2%:/!

).12! '/%! .%4(%)! M/-:%:9! 2%-:;.(&5! L%.6! 41_!

.%-0(&5:9!*1&:(0%.%0!-**%M'-S4%9!*1&:(0%.(&5!'/-'!

'/%! (0%-4! :;.)-*%9! *-4*;4-'%0! _('/! '/%! -S:14;'%!

M.%*(:(1&! 1)! -&-46'(*-4! 210%4(&59! *1;40! &%L%.! S%!

M%.)%*'46! :;M%.(2M1:-S4%! '1! '/%! :;.)-*%! 1)! '/%!

)(&0:9!(&!:12%!*-:%:!L%.6!(..%5;4-.J!

31! %`'.-*'! '/%! 2(::(&5! M-.'! ).12! '/%! *;''(&5!

:;.)-*%9! ('! _-:! M.%)%..%0! &1'! '1! 1M%.-'%! S6!

R114%-&! :;S'.-*'(1&! 1M%.-'(1&! S;'! S6! %`'.-*'(&5!

'/%! ).-*';.%! :;.)-*%! 1)! '/%! )(&09! ;:%0! -:! *;''(&5!

%4%2%&':!1)!'/%!.%*1&:'.;*'(1&!:;.)-*%:J!!

$'! /-:! S%%&! )1;&0! '/-'! '/(:! 2%'/10141569!

/1_%L%.!*12M4%`9!/-:!6(%40%0!S%''%.!.%:;4':!'/-&!

'/%!R114%-&!:;S'.-*'(1&!;:%0!(&!'/%!M.%L(1;:!M(41'!

M.1^%*'! )1.! '/%! -MM.1-*/! 1)! '/%! .%M%.'1(.%! -&0!

.%*1&:'.;*'(1&!210%4:J!

I&*%! '/%! 210%4(&5! M/-:%! (:! *12M4%'%09! '/%!

*.('%.(-!)1.!'/%!0())%.%&'!1;'M;'!M/-:%:!-.%!:%'T!FH!

M.(&'(&5!-&0!'%`';.(e-'(1&!1)!'/%!L(.';-4!210%4J!

3/%! FH! M.(&'(&5! M.1*%::! _-:! *-..(%0! 1;'!

'/.1;5/!'/%!1M'(2(e-'(1&!1)!M14651&-4!2%:/%:!1)!

'/%!)(&0:!-&0!'/%!2%:/!'.-&:)1.2-'(1&!1)!EQ+R"!

:;.)-*%:9! %`M1.'%0! (&! "3i! )1.2-'!

=(,$%$-["*-/%&LCU'")*$%+&#$'+-%3&*@!-&0!(2M1.'%0!

(&'1! '/%! #Q+O! :1)'_-.%! )1.! :%''(&5! :4(*(&5! -&0!

5%&%.-'(&5!'/%!]#10%!=W-(%''-!>?<A@J!

3/%!M.(&'%.!;:%0!(:!1)!'/%!H%4'-!'6M%9!-&0!'/%!

210%4:!_%.%!2-0%!(&!PiO!=<-.U.&#*"#'7#"0@J!

P.(&':! 1)! S1'/! '/%! .%M.10;*'(1&! 1)! '/%!

:M%*(2%&! -&0! '/%! 210%4! 1)! '/%! .%*1&:'.;*'%0!

M-.':! /-L%! S%%&! 2-0%9! :1! -:! '1! 2-a%! -! )(.:'!

L%.()(*-'(1&!1)!'/%(.!*1..%*'!-4(5&2%&'J!

O)'%.! '/%! M4-:'%.(&5! -&0! *141.(&5! M/-:%9! ('!

*1;40! S%! L%.()(%0! '/%! 2-'*/(&5! 1)! '/%!

.%*1&:'.;*'%0!M-.':!-&0!'/%!)(&0:J!

3/%! -0L-&'-5%:! 1)! '/(:! 2%'/10! /-L%! -4.%-06!

S%%&! %`M1:%0! =OL%44-9! "-**19! "M-'-)1.-9! P%ee(&(9!

"(.-5;:-9! >?<B@9! S;'! '/%6! -.%! .%M1.'%0! /%.%T!

*/%2(*-4! (&%.'(-! 1)! '/%! 2-'%.(-4! ;:%09!

*/-.-*'%.(:'(*! '/-'! 01%:! &1'! (&'%.)%.%! (&! -&6! _-6!

_('/! '/%! *%.-2(*! 2-'%.(-4k! '1'-4! .%L%.:(S(4('6! 1)!

.%*1&)(5;.-'(1&! (&'%.L%&'(1&k! -**%::! '1! '/%!

1.(5(&-4!).-52%&'!-'!-&6!'(2%!)1.!-&6!:';06k!5(L(&5!

'/%!1S:%.L%.!'/%!1MM1.';&('6!'1!:%%!'/%!).-52%&'!

-&0! (':! 0(2%&:(1&-4! -&0! 21.M/1415(*-4!

.%*1&)(5;.-'(1&J!

3/%! %4-S1.-'%0! 210%4:! /-L%! -4:1! S%%&! ;:%0!

)1.!'/%!-MM4(*-'(1&!1)!'%`';.%:!'/-'!-441_!-!0(5('-4!

0(:M4-6!_/%.%!'/%!2-'%.(-4!:(2;4-'(1&!1)!'/%!)(&0!

(:!-4:1!M.1M1:%0J!

3/%! 0(.%*'(1&:! )1.! 2-'%.(-4! .%*1&:'.;*'(1&!

/-L%!S%%&!*-..(%0!1;'!_('/!0())%.%&'!2%'/10:T!(&!

*-:%! 1)! '/%! )(&0(&5! EJ$J! DDh?F! '/%! '%`';.%! _-:!

%`'.-M14-'%0! 0(.%*'46! ).12! '/%! 2%:/9! _/%.%! '/%!

+]R! 01'! M1(&'! (&)1.2-'(1&! _-:! M.%:%&'9! -&0! '/%!

:M-*%! *11.0(&-'%:! )1.! M1:('(1&(&5! 1&! '/%! '/.%%C

!

/?@A)BDC)FH!M.(&'(&5!1)!'/%!(&'%5.-'(1&!:;.)-*%!-&0!2-'*/(&5!_('/!'/%!.%M.10;*'(1&!1)!'/%!)(&0!=EJ$J!!DDh?F@J)

!

B>!

0(2%&:(1&-4! 210%4J! \1.! '/%! 1'/%.! '_1! )(&0:! =EJ$J!

Ah>B<! -&0! EJ$J! >8FB8@! '/%! '%`';.%! _-:! 1S'-(&%0!

0(.%*'46! ).12! '/%! +]R! (&)1.2-'(1&! 1)! '/%! M/1'1!

:/11':J!!

+%5-.0(&5! )(&0(&5! E1J! DDh?F! _%! _%.%! (&! '/%!

M.%:%&*%!1)!-!0%*1.-'(L%!.-0(-4!2-'.(`!-MM-.-';:!

1)! _/(*/! 1&46! -! M1.'(1&! 1)! '/%! ).-52%&'! _-:!

-L-(4-S4%9! S;'! ('! :/1_%0! '/%! M.%:%&*%! 1)! -! .-0(-4!

2-'.(`! 0%*1.-'(L%! -MM-.-';:J! 3/%.%)1.%9! '/%!

1L%.-44! 5%12%'.6! /-:! S%%&! .%S;(4'! (:14-'(&5! -!

[;-.'%.! 1)! '/%! 1.(5(&-4! '%`';.%! -&0! .%M%-'(&5! ('!

-**1.0(&5!'1!-!M14-.!-..-6!'1!*12M4%'%!'/%!2(::(&5!

M-.'J! ! 3/%! *%&'.-4! M1.'(1&! /-:! &1'! S%%&! 0%)(&%09!

S%*-;:%!1)!'/%!-S:%&*%!1)!(&)1.2-'(1&!'/-'!*-&&1'!

S%!0%0;*%0!).12!'/%!0%*1.-'(1&!1)!'/%!)(&0J!

3/%! '%`';.%0! 210%4! *-&! '/%.%)1.%! S%!

0(:M4-6%0! (&! (':! 21.M/1415(*-4! -&0! 2-'%.(-4!

(&'%5.('6! -&0! (2M1.'%0! (&'1! -&6! (&'%.-*'(L%!

0(:M4-6!:6:'%2

^<?

J!

_A! K-)#.B>"-)>'

3/%! M.1*%::! M.%:%&'%0! (:! :;('-S4%! '1! 0%L%41M!

-&! (&'%5.-'%0! :6:'%2! )1.! '/%! *1&:%.L-'(1&9!

%&/-&*%2%&'! -&0! 0(:M4-6! 1)! -.*/-%1415(*-4!

/%.('-5%9! 1))%.(&5! '/%! ;:%.! L-.(1;:! 210%:! 1)!

1S:%.L-'(1&J!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

<?

!3/%!M-.-5.-M/!(:!%&'(.%46!_.(''%&!S6!\-S.(e(1!OL%44-J!

!

/?@A)BEC)$&'%5.-'(1&!S%'_%%&!'/%!1.(5(&-4!)(&0(:!-&0!.%*1&:'.;*'(1&!S6!FH!P.(&'(&5!=EJ$J!Ah>B<9!EJ$J!DDh?F9!EJ$J!>8FB8@J)

!

BF! !

$&! '/%! .%-4! 0(:M4-69! '/%! L(:('1.! *-&! /-L%! '/%!

M%.*%M'(1&! 1)! '/%! %L(0%&*%! M;'! S%:(0%! '/%!

(&'%5.-'(1&! (&! FH! M.(&'(&59! '/;:! -MM.%*(-'(&5! '/%!

1L%.-44! 21.M/14156! -&0! '/%! 1.(5(&-4! :(e%9! 1)'%&!

&1'!M%.*%(L-S4%!S6!1S:%.L(&5!1&46!'/%!).-52%&'J!

3/%! 0(5('-4! 0(:M4-69! q(&! :(';q9! _/(*/! *-&!

/-MM%&!:(2;4'-&%1;:46!'1!'/%!.%-4!1&%9!-441_:!'1!

-MM.%*(-'%!'/%!*12M4%'%!.%*1&)(5;.-'(1&!_('/!'/%!

M1::(S(4('6! 1)! 1S:%.L(&5! '/%! 1S^%*'! %L%&! ).12!

0())%.%&'! M1(&':! 1)! L(%_! '/-&! '/%! 1&%! 1))%.%0! (&!

'/%!%`/(S('(1&9!_/(*/!1)'%&!1**;4'!M1.'(1&:!_/(*/!

.%2-(&!(&L(:(S4%J!H(5('-4!210%4:9!S%:(0%:9!1))%.!'/%!

-0L-&'-5%! 1)! M%.*%(L%! 2-'%.(-4! .%*1&)(5;.-'(1&!

-&0! 0%*1.-'(L%! -:M%*':9! _/(*/! *-&! S%! ;M0-'%0!

-)'%.!);.'/%.!:';0(%:J!

\;.'/%.21.%9! '/%6! 2-6! S%*12%! M-.'! 1)! -&!

(&'%.-*'(L%! 0-'-S-:%! _/%.%! 61;! *-&! %&'%.!

(&)1.2-'(1&! -S1;'! '/%! )(&0:9! .%)%.%&*%:! '1!

*1&'%2M1.-.6! 1.! '6M1415(*-446! *12M-.-S4%! 1&%:9!

-&0! _/-'%L%.! %4:%! *1&:(0%.%0! &%*%::-.6! )1.! (':!

*12M.%/%&:(1&J!

3/%! ).;('(1&! 1)! '/%! 0(5('-4! 210%4! *-&! -4:1! S%!

01&%!1&4(&%9!(&!1.0%.!'1!5%&%.-'%!-&!(&)1.2-'(1&!!

&%'_1.a!-00.%::%0!S1'/!'1!L(.';-4!L(:('1.:!-&0!'1!

:*/14-.:!(&!'/%!)(%40J!

3/%! 0-'-S-:%9! _/(*/! *-&! S%! *1&:'-&'46! ;M0-'%09!

S%*12%:! '/;:! -! M1_%.);4! '114! )1.! %&/-&*(&5!

-.*/-%1415(*-4! 5110:! S6! M1'%&'(-'(&5! '/%! 415(*! 1)!

'/%! 2;:%;2! %`/(S('(1&T! 61;! *-&! 51! S%61&0! '/%!

.%-4! L(:('! '1! '/%! 2;:%;2! -&0! '/%! (&)1.2-'(1&!

-S1;'! (':! M.%*(1;:! 2-'%.(-4! *-&! S%! '.-&:2(''%0!

-&6_/%.%!(&!'/%!_1.40J!

I&! '/%! S-:(:! 1)! '/%! )1.%51(&59! ('! (:! S%4(%L%0!

'/-'! FH! M.(&'(&5! -&0! 0(5('-4! L(:;-4(e-'(1&! *-&! S%!

*1&:(0%.%0! -&! (&'%5.-'%0! :6:'%2! '/-'! M.%:%&':!

L%.6! (&'%.%:'(&5! -:M%*':! )1.! '/%! ).;('(1&! -&0!

L-41.(:-'(1&!1)!-.*/-%1415(*-4!5110:

^<<

J!

!

/?@A)BFC)+%&0%.%0!210%4!=EJ$JJ!Ah>B<@J)

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

<<

!#1&*4;:(1&:!-.%!_.(''%&!S6!\-S.(e(1!OL%44-J!

!

/?@A)BGC)+%&0%.%0!210%4T!;MM%.9!41_%.9!).1&'!-&0!-::1&12%'.(*!L(%_:!=EJ$J!DDh?F@J!

)

/?@A)BHC)+%&0%.%0!210%4T!;MM%.9!41_%.9!).1&'!-&0!-::1&12%'.(*!L(%_:!=EJ$J!!>8FB8@J!

BA!

+ ,\,+,E#," !

O.0(ee1&%9!\J9!P%ee(&(9!,J9!g!"-**19!7J!=>?<D@J!3/%!.14%!1)!P-4%.21!(&!'/%!*%&'.-4!W%0('%..-&%-&T!%L14;'(1&!

1)! '/%! /-.S1;.! -&0! *(.*;4-'(1&! 1)! *%.-2(*:! =<?'/C<<'/! *%&';.(%:@J! T-B%)&.' -+' 2>.&3"#' 7%#C&$-.-/U9! >=>@9!

>>GC>B8J!

OL%44-9!\J9!"-**19!7J9!"M-'-)1.-9!\J9!P%ee(&(9!,J9!g!"(.-5;:-9!HJ!=>?<B@J!i1_!*1:'!:6:'%2!)1.!L(:;-4(e-'(1&!-&0!

%`/(S('(1&! 1)! M1''%.6! )(&0:! (&! -.*/%1415(*-4! 2;:%;2:J! (#"%$>H2,:' B=>@9! <<<C<>hJ! +%'.(%L%0! ).12!

/''MTKK*-:M;.C*(S%.M;S4(:/(&5J('K(&0%`JM/MK:*(.%:C('K-.'(*4%KL(%_K<<DFBJ!

R-40-::-.(9!+J!=>?<B@J!iY(:14-!0(!P-&'%44%.(-!%!(4!*-&-4%!0(!"(*(4(-J!"*-2S(!*122%.*(-4(!%!*(.*14-e(1&%!0%44%!

2%.*(!(&!%'j!'-.01-&'(*-J!$&!W-.'1.%44(!+J9!P(.-:!OJ9!g!"M-&;!PJ]J9!2>-.$'$'*$%%&+$%3&')$.'L%"3-'#%">*"&)$>"3-A' 20$)*"*O' .-#&.$' $' ")*$%>#&36"' #B.*B%&.":' %$."/"->"' $' L%-0B**"8"9!O''(!d$!#1&5.%::1!E-e(1&-4%!0(!O.*/%1415(-!

#.(:'(-&-9!=#-54(-.(!>FC>8!:%''%2S.%!>?<A@9!=MMJ!AA8CABD@J!#-54(-.(9!$3T!P\3"!Q&(L%.:('6!P.%::J!

R-.-ee%''(9!iJ9!+%21&0(&1!\J9!g!"*-(1&(!WJ!=>?<<@J!O;'12-'%0!-&0!-**;.-'%!1.(%&'-'(1&!1)!*12M4%`!(2-5%!

:%[;%&*%:A' 2)*$%)&*"-)&.' 7%#C"8$>' -+' *C$' <C-*-/%&33$*%U:' !$3-*$' ($)>")/' &)0' (L&*"&.' 2)+-%3&*"-)' (#"$)#$>9!ddd7$$$CBKl<D9!>88C>hAJ!

R%ee(9!iJ9!g!H%44YQ&'19!EJ!=>?<>@J!+(4(%L1!'.(0(2%&:(1&-4%!0(!.%M%.'(!-.*/%1415(*(T!'%*&(*/%!-!*1&).1&'1J!$&!

]J!].%*1!=-!*;.-!0(@9!`B&0$%)"'0$.'#$)*-'>*B0"'?&/)&'D%$#"'@]'=MMJ<A<C<B>@J!P1ee;14(9!$3T!E-;:!,0('1.(-J!

R%ee(9!OJ9!R%ee(9!iJ9!g!H;*a%9!RJ!=>?<?@J!#12M;'%.!7(:(1&!%!"'.;*';.%!\.12!W1'(1&9!&;1L%!2%'101415(%!M%.!

4-! 01*;2%&'-e(1&%! -.*/%1415(*-! '.(0(2%&:(1&-4%J! $&! ]J! H%! \%4(*%! W-.(-! %! ]J! "(S(4-&1! =-! *;.-! 0(@9! XL$)' (-B%#$:'5%$$'(-+*a&%$'$'XL$)'5-%3&*')$"'L%-#$>>"'0"'%"#$%#&'&%#C$-.-/"#&A'O''(!0%4!7!l1.a:/1M!=MMJ!<?FC

<<<@9!\155(-9!$3T!,0(M;54(-J!

#(5&1&(9! PJ9! #-44(%.(9! WJ9! #1.:(&(9! WJ9! H%44%M(-&%9! WJ9! ]-&1L%44(9! \J9! g! +-&e;54(-9! ]J! =>??h@J! W%:/i-ST! -&!

IM%&C"1;.*%!W%:/!P.1*%::(&5!3114J!$&!"*-.-&1!7J9!H%!#/(-.-!+J9!,..-!QJ!=-!*;.-!0(@9!;B%-/%&LC"#>'2*&."&)' KC&L*$%'K-)+$%$)#$:'=MMJ!<>GC<FD@9!]%&%L%9!#XT!,;.15.-M/(*:!O::1*(-'(1&J!

!

#-44(%.(9!WJ9!H%44YQ&'19!EJ9!H%44%M(-&%9!WJ9!"*1M(5&19!+J9!"10%.S%.59!RJ9!g!i-.::1&9!iJ!=>?<<@J!H1*;2%&'-'(1&!

-&0! $&'%.M.%'-'(1&! 1)! -&! O.*/%1415(*-4! ,`*-L-'(1&T! -&! %`M%.(%&*%! _('/! H%&:%! "'%.%1! +%*1&:'.;*'(1&!

'114:J! $&! H%44%M(-&%! WJ9! E(**14;**(! \J9! P%&-! "%.&-! "J9! +;:/2%(%.! XJ9! g! 7-&! ]114! iJ! =,0:J@9! ,C$' @G*C' 2)*$%)&*"-)&.'(U3L->"B3'-)'="%*B&.'!$&."*U:'7%#C&$-.-/U'&)0'KB.*B%&.'b$%"*&/$'=7(,9!=MMJ!FFCA?@9!]%&%L%9!

#XT!,;.15.-M/(*:!O::1*(-'(1&J!

HYO&5%419!\J!=>?<A@J!Q&!b5%*'-';.(c!0%4!d$$!:%*141!-!P-4%.21T!41!:*-.(*1!0(!)1.&-*%!0(!P-4-ee1!i;&5-.(&(J!$&!

W(4-&%:%9! WJ9! #-2(&&%*(9! 7J9! P-.%4419! #J9! g! +(ee19! WJ"J9! =-! *;.-! 0(@9! ^&.' 6B**-' &..&' (*-%"&A' 2)0&/")"'

&%#C$-.-/"#C$' *%&' ?$0"-$8-' $' <->*3$0"-$8-J! 7%#C$-.-/"&' <->*3$0"$8&.$' @G! =MMJ! FBCAF@J! \(.%&e%9! $3T!

O44Y$&:%5&-!0%4!](54(1J!!

HYO&5%419! \J! =<GG8@J! i-! *%.-2(*-! (:4-2(*-! =:%*1&0-! 2%'j! d! V! M.(2-! 2%'j! d$! :%*141@! 0%441! :*-L1! 0%4!

#-:'%441! 0%44-! P(%'.-! =*12;&%! 0(! #-:'%4L%'.-&1@J! $&! 7**"' 0$..$' ($#-)0$' D"-%)&*$' 2)*$%)&4"-)&."' 0"' (*B0"'

>B..E&%$&';."3&'FD"6$..")&:'GGHGI'-**-6%$JJ!P(:-9!$3T!,0(e(1&(!0%44-!E1.2-4%J!

H(!i(S%.'19!+J!=>?<F@J!E1.2-&!P-4%.21T!O.*/('%*';.%!S%'_%%&!'/%!<<'/!-&0!'/%!<>'/!*%&';.6J!$&!E%)9!OJ9!

K-3L&)"-)'*-'?$0"$8&.'<&.$%3-A',C$'b">*-%U'-+'&'?$0"*$%%&)$&)'K"*U'+%-3'Icc'*-'@dccJ!i%(0%&CR1:'1&9!

WO9!Q"OT!R.(44J!

\;4)1.09!WJ]J9!g!P%-*1*a9!HJPJ"J!=<GhA@J!,`*-L-'(1&:!-'!#-.'/-5%T!'/%!R.('(:/!W(::(1&J!714;2%!$9>J!$&!,C$'

&8$)B$' 0B' <%$>"0$)*' b&6"6' W-B%/B"6&:' (&.&36-\' ,C$' L-**$%U' &)0' -*C$%' K$%&3"#' X6Z$#*>' +%-3' *C$' ("*$J!

"*/%))(%409]RT!Q&(L%.:('6!1)!"*/%))(%40J!

BB! ! Kazhdan, M., Bolitho, M., & Hoppe, H. (2006). Poisson Surface Reconstruction. In Polthier, K., & Sheffer, A., Eurographics Symposium on Geometry Processing. ! Geneve, CH: Eurographics Association. Retrieved from http://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~cs277/papers/poissonrecon.pdf.

W-(%''-9!OJ9!=>?<A@J!(*&3L&']^\'DB"0&'#-3L.$*$J!W(4-&19!$3T!,0(e(1&(!i"l+J !

W1;41&9!PJ9!g!R%ee(9!OJ!=>?<>@J!P6'/1&!P/1'15.-22%'.6!3114S1`T!-!).%%!:14;'(1&!)1.!3/.%%CH(2%&:(1&-4!

H1*;2%&'-'(1&J!$&!]J!].%*1!=-!*;.-!0(@9!`B&0$%)"'0$.'#$)*-'>*B0"'?&/)&'D%$#"&'@]'=MMJ!<BFC<8?@J!P1ee;14(9!

$3T!E-;:!,0('1.(-J

+%21&0(&19!\J9!g!,4CX-a(29!"J!=>??D@J!$2-5%CS-:%0!FH!210%44(&5T!-!.%L(%_J!,C$'<C-*-/%&33$*%"#'!$#-%0'

><9!>DGC>G<J!!

"-**19!7J!=(&!M.%::@J!#%.-2(*-!*1&!0%*1.-e(1&%!-!:M4-:/!0-!P-4%.21!=)(&%!d!V!M.(2-!2%'j!d$!:%*141@J!$&!

<%-#$$0")/>'-+'@@*C'K-)/%$>>'72;K?]'-)'?$0"$8&.'&)0'?-0$%)'<$%"-0'?$0"*$%%&)$&)'K$%&3"#>J!

"-**19! 7J! =>?<D@J! P)$' +$)Q*%$' >B%' <&.$%3$' $)*%$' .$' 2M$' $*' .&' L%$3"R%$' 3-"*"S' 0B' M22$' >"R#.$J! P/H! '/%:(:9!

Q&(L%.:('Z!P-.(:C"1.S1&&%!%!Q&(L%.:('j!0(!W%::(&-J!!

"-&'1.1!R(-&*/(9!"J9!];(0;**(9!]J9!g!3;:-9!"J!=>??F@J!<&)*$..$%"&)'e&%$A'7%#C$-.-/"&'>B6&#VB$&'$'#$%&3"#C$' 0&'+B-#-'&'<&)*$..$%"&J!P-4%.219!$3T!H-.(1!\4-**1L(1!,0('1.%J!

"-&'1.1! R(-&*/(9! "J! =>??F@J! #.1&1415(-! %! 0(:'.(S;e(1&%! 0%44-! P-&'%44%.(-&! l-.%J! $&! "-&'1.1! R(-&*/(9! "J9!

];(0;**(9! ]J9 g! 3;:-9! "J! =,0:J@J! <&)*$..$%"&)' e&%$A' 7%#C$-.-/"&' >B6&#VB$&' $' #$%&3"#C$' 0&' +B-#-' &'

<&)*$..$%"&9!=MMJ!DDC8?@J!P-4%.219!$3T!H-.(1!\4-**1L(1!,0('1.%J!

"M-'-)1.-9!\J9!#-&e1&(%.(9!,J9!g!H(!i%1&-.019!iJ!=>?<A@J!#%.-2(*-!0-!2%&:-!&%44-!P-4%.21!0%4!d$$!:%*141!T!

0-44-!)1.&-*%!-4!S;''1J!$&!W(4-&%:%9!WJ9!#-2(&&%*(9!7J9!P-.%4419!#J9!g!+(ee19!WJ"J9!=-!*;.-!0(@9!^&.'6B**-'&..&' (*-%"&A'2)0&/")"'&%#C$-.-/"#C$'*%&'?$0"-$8-'$'<->*3$0"-$8-:'")'7%#C$-.-/"&'<->*3$0"$8&.$'@G!=MMJ!>FCFF@J!

\(.%&e%9!$3T!O44Y$&:%5&-!0%4!](54(1J!

3;:-9!7J!=<G8D@J!";44Y-.*/%1415(-!2%0(%L-4%!=*1&!-**%&&(!-54(!:*-L(!%:%5;('(!-441!"'%.(!%!-44-!f(:-@J!$&!7**"' 0$.'#-..-VB"-'")*$%)&4"-)&.$'0"'&%#C$-.-/"&'3$0"$8&.$9!=P-4%.21C,.(*%9!>?C>>!:%''%2S.%!<G8A@!=MMJ!<?AC

<?G@J!P-4%.219!$3T!Q&(L%.:('j!0%54(!:';0(!0(!P-4%.21J!$:'(';'1!0(!:'1.(-!2%0(%L-4%J!

! !

BD!

!