33 Penis
(Melanomas are not included.)
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SUMMARY OF CHANGES
• The definitions of TNM and the Stage Grouping for this chapter have not changed from the Fifth Edition.
INTRODUCTION
Cancers of the penis are rare in the United States, although the incidence varies in different countries of the world. Most are squamous cell carcinomas that arise in the skin or on the glans penis. Prognosis is favorable provided that the lymph nodes are not involved. Melanomas can also occur. The staging classification, however, applies to carcinomas. Melanomas are staged in Chapter 24. Some cancers of the penis may be described as verrucous. Similarly, basaloid tumors are recognized as a subtype of squamous carcinoma. An in situ lesion is also included and by definition should be coded as an in situ carcinoma of the penis.
ANATOMY
Primary Site. The penis is composed of three cylindrical masses of cavernous tissue bound together by fibrous tissue. Two masses are lateral and are known as the corpora cavernosa penis. The corpus spongiosum penis is a median mass and contains the greater part of the urethra. The penis is attached to the front and the sides of the pubic arch. The skin covering the penis is thin and loosely connected with the deeper parts of the organ. The skin at the root of the penis is continuous with that over the scrotum and perineum. Distally, the skin becomes folded upon itself to form the prepuce, or foreskin. Anatomical sites are illustrated in Figure 33.1. Circumcision has been associated with a decreased incidence of cancer of the penis.
Regional Lymph Nodes. The regional lymph nodes are:
Single superficial inguinal (femoral)
Multiple or bilateral superficial inguinal (femoral) Deep inguinal: Rosenmuller’s or Cloquet’s node External iliac
Internal iliac (hypogastric) Pelvic nodes, NOS
Metastatic Sites. Lung, liver, and bone are most often involved.
C60.0 Prepuce C60.1 Glans penis C60.2 Body of penis
C60.8 Overlapping lesion of penis
C60.9 Penis, NOS
DEFINITIONS Primary Tumor (T)
TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumor Tis Carcinoma in situ
Ta Noninvasive verrucous carcinoma (Figure 33.2)
T1 Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue (Figure 33.3) T2 Tumor invades corpus spongiosum or cavernosum (Figure 33.4) T3 Tumor invades urethra or prostate (Figures 33.5A, B)
T4 Tumor invades other adjacent structures (Figures 33.6, 33.7)
C60.1 C60.0
C60.2
FIGURE 33.1. Anatomic sites and subsites of the penis.
Epithelium
Subepithelial connective tissue Non-invasive
Ta Ta
FIGURE 33.2. Ta: Noninvasive verrucous carcinoma.
Epithelium
Subepithelial connective tissue Invasive
T1
T1
T1
FIGURE 33.3. T1: Two views of tumor invading subepithelial connective tissue.
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T2 T2
FIGURE 33.4. T2: Two views of tumor invading corpus spongiosum or cavernosum.
T3 T3
A
T3
B
FIGURE 33.5. A. T3: Two views of tumor invading urethra. B. T3: Tumor invades prostate.
T4
FIGURE 33.6. T4: Tumor invades other adjacent structures.
Regional Lymph Nodes (N)
NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
N1 Metastasis in a single superficial inguinal lymph node (Figure 33.8) N2 Metastasis in multiple or bilateral superficial inguinal lymph nodes
(Figures 33.9A, B)
N3 Metastasis in deep inguinal or pelvic lymph node(s), unilateral or bilat- eral (Figures 33.10A–C)
Distant Metastasis (M)
MX Distant metastasis cannot be assessed M0 No distant metastasis
M1 Distant metastasis
FIGURE 33.7. T4: Tumor invades other adjacent structures.
T4
N1
FIGURE 33.8. N1: Metastasis in a single superficial inguinal lymph node.
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N2
A
N2
B
FIGURE 33.9. A. N2: Metastasis in multiple, as shown above, or bilateral superficial inguinal lymph nodes. B. N2: Metastasis in bilateral superficial inguinal nodes.
N3
Deep inguinal
A N3
B
N3
C
FIGURE 33.10. A. N3: Metastasis in deep inguinal, as shown above, or pelvic lymph node(s), unilateral or bilateral. B. N3: Metastasis in unilateral pelvic lymph node(s). C. N3: Metastasis in bilateral pelvic lymph node(s).
STAGE GROUPING
0 Tis N0 M0
Ta N0 M0
I T1 N0 M0
II T1 N1 M0
T2 N0 M0
T2 N1 M0
III T1 N2 M0
T2 N2 M0
T3 N0 M0
T3 N1 M0
T3 N2 M0
IV T4 Any N M0
Any T N3 M0
Any T Any N M1
