Introduction i State of the art (SOTA) analysis 1 Index

Index

Introduction

i

State of the art (SOTA) analysis

1

1.1. Cellular wide area networks 2

1.1.1. GSM/GPRS/EDGE 2

1.1.1.1. Handover in CS Domain 3 1.1.1.1.1. Specific mechanisms for HO 5 1.1.1.2. Cell reselection for MS in Ready State in PS domain - (E)GPRS 5

1.1.1.2.1. Specific mechanisms for HO 7

1.1.2. 3GPP UMTS WCDMA 7

1.1.2.1. Handover 9 1.1.2.2. Cell reselection 12

1.2. Wireless local/short-range networks 13

1.2.1. IEEE 802.11 / Wi-Fi 13

1.2.1.1. Link and PHY layer events for handover 13

1.2.2. IEEE 802.16 / Wi-Max 15 1.2.3. IEEE 802.21 (Multi Radio technology Wi-Fi/Wi-Max) 15

1.2.3.1. Detection of Network Attachment (DNA) 17 1.2.3.2. L2 Triggers 17

1.2.4 Handover decision logic in wireless networks 18 1.2.5 Consequences of a handover 18

1.3. IETF WGs and related protocols 19

1.3.1. MIPv4 Architecture 19

1.3.1.1. Network layer detection of Access Routers 20

1.3.2. MIPv6 Architecture 21

1.3.2.1. Network layer detection of Access Routers with MIPv6 23

1.3.3. Seamless mobility with Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIP) 24 1.3.4. Seamless mobility with Fast Handovers for MIPv6 26 1.3.5. A solution for seamless mobility, integrating various local MM mechanisms 29

1.3.6. Network Mobility (NEMO) Technical overview 30

1.3.6.1. Impact on Context Transfer and Advanced Handovers 32

1.3.7. Handover decision logic in IETF solutions 34 1.3.8. Consequence of a handover in IETF solutions 35

The

Ambient

Networks

project

36

2.1. Overview 36

2.2. Definitions 37

2.3. Architecture 38

2.3.1. Architectural Design Principles 39

2.3.1.1. Simplicity 40 2.3.1.2. Openness and Extensibility 41 2.3.1.3. Heterogeneity and Implementation Hiding 42 2.3.1.4. Scalability 42 2.3.1.5. Compatibility and Migration Strategies 43 2.3.1.6. Design for Wireless Devices 44 2.3.1.7. Network Composition 44

2.3.2. Specification of the Ambient Networks and the Ambient Network Interfaces 45

2.3.2.1. A Single-Node Ambient Network 50 2.3.2.2. The Ambient Network Interface (ANI) 51 2.3.2.3. The Ambient Service Interface (ASI) 52 2.3.2.4. The Ambient Resource Interface (ARI) 52

Handover

concepts

55

3.1. HO requirements 56

3.1.1. Service and related requirements 56 3.1.2. Mechanisms on control/user plane 57 3.1.3. Handover related delay times in IP-based system 58 3.1.4. HO impact on QoS and QoS requirements 58 3.1.5. Heterogeneous access requirements 61 3.1.6. Route optimisation requirements 61 3.1.7. Security requirements 62 3.1.8. Minimization of network resources and signalling overhead 62 3.1.9. Other requirements for handover 62

3.2. Phases during a handover process 64

3.2.1. Handover initiation 64

3.2.2. Handover decision 64

3.2.3 Handover supervision 65

3.3. A new Handover Model 65

3.3.1. Handover Model description 67

3.3.1.1. “Trigger Collection and Pre-computation ” Step 69

3.3.1.2. “Handover Decision & Tool Selection" Step 72

3.3.1.3. “HO execution (either pre/ex/post)” Step 74

3.3.2. The Handover Toolbox (HT) 75

3.3.2.1. HT description 76

Handover

Toolbox

implementation

81

4.1. Reference scenario for the HT implementation 82 4.2. Messaging timeline and handover storyline 84

4.3. ANeg messages format and meaning 93

4.3.1. ANeg ICMPv6 message format 94

4.3.2. ANeg Options 96

4.3.2.1. Composition Option 96

4.3.2.2. HO Toolbox Option 98

4.3.2.3. Service Option 99

4.3.2.4. Context Option 100

4.3.2.5. Access Route Option 100

4.3.2.6. Bearer Service Option 102

4.4. Implementation basics 103

4.5. Mapping between Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6 and HT implementation 107

Conclusions

109

5.3. Future developments 115

5.4. Final remarks 116