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Some facilities, in fact, can not be duplicated by their natural feature, or because of the huge construction costs, or for legal reasons

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Academic year: 2021

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Abstract

L’accesso alle reti infrastrutturali è questione cruciale per la concorrenzialità dei mercati. Alcune infrastrutture, infatti, non sono duplicabili per loro caratteristica naturale, o a causa degli enormi costi di costruzione, o per ragioni giuridiche.

Questo lavoro affronta uno dei temi più controversi del diritto antitrust:

l’applicazione delle norme sulla concorrenza, al regulated sector delle telecomunicazioni.

Regulated sectors vengono considerati quei settori economico-produttivi nei quali, per ragioni di governo dell’economia o di altra natura, non vige un regime di libera concorrenza, poiché l’accesso al mercato, la formazione dei prezzi o, in generale, la condotta delle imprese sono soggetti a regole peculiari.

La questione centrale ai fini della trattazione pone l’attenzione su una fattispecie specifica di natura anticoncorrenziale: l’abuso di posizione dominante.

Specie nei settori recentemente liberalizzati (come quello delle telecomunicazioni), gli ex monopolisti, abituati per anni alla protezione offerta dal regime della esclusività delle reti, una volta che essa è stata eliminata, tendono a replicarne gli effetti tramite comportamenti escludenti, rifiutando ai concorrenti l’accesso a un’infrastruttura essenziale o pregiudicandone la permanenza nel mercato attraverso strategie predatorie.

La ricerca, che contempla da un lato lo studio della cd. essential facilities doctrine – la quale stabilisce che il titolare dell’infrastruttura non duplicabile, la cosiddetta essential facility, in talune circostanze può essere obbligato a consentire a terzi di accedervi – si è dunque incentrata sullo studio delle fonti normative nei vari paesi delle normative primarie e secondarie attinenti ai modelli europei nonché quelli americani, con attenzione agli istituti che tutelano il mercato e la concorrenza, con specifico riferimento ai così nominati servizi a rete, ai cosiddetti incumbent che gravano su chi detiene una infrastruttura cd essenziale, sulla natura dei rapporti tra i detentori delle infrastrutture e gli operatori alternativi, su base commerciale e bilaterale, al potere delle Autorità di regolare determinati sbocchi commerciali.

(2)

Abstract

Access to infrastructure networks is crucial issue for the competitiveness of European markets. Some facilities, in fact, can not be duplicated by their natural feature, or because of the huge construction costs, or for legal reasons.

This paper deals with one of the most controversial issues of antitrust law:

the application of the competition rules, to the regulated sector of telecommunications.

Regulated sectors are considered economic and production sectors in which, for reasons of economic management or otherwise, is not in force a system of free competition, since access to the market, price formation or, in general, the conduct enterprises are subject to special rules.

The central question for the discussion focuses on a specific case of anti- competitive: the abuse of dominant position. Especially in newly liberalized sectors (such as telecommunications), the former monopoly, accustomed for years to the protection offered by the regime of exclusivity of networks, once it has been eliminated, tend to replicate their effects with exclusionary conduct, refusing to competitors the 'access to essential or jeopardize the permanence in the market through predation.

The research, which is split on the one hand the study of the cd. essential facilities doctrine – which states that the holder of the infrastructure can not be duplicated, the so-called essential facility, in certain circumstances may be required to allow third parties to access it – it was therefore focused on the study of the sources of law in the various countries of the primary and regulations Secondary relating to European models as well as American ones, with emphasis on institutions that protect the market and competition, with specific reference to the services in the network, the so-called incumbent on those who hold a cd essential infrastructure, the nature of relations between the holders of infrastructure and alternative operators on a commercial basis and bilaterally, to the power of the authorities to adjust certain commercial outlets.

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