Silvio ROLANDO

Who’s Who in Orthopedics

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Silvio ROLANDO

With the publication of his article “Fracture de la base du premier metacarpien,” Silvio Rolando became the third Milanese surgeon to have a frac- ture named after him, a distinction he shares with Monteggia and Galeazzi. Like his colleagues, Rolando was a general surgeon. During a period of 30 years, he published papers in Italian and French medical periodicals on a wide variety of surgical conditions. Rolando was a member of the Société Internationale de Chirurgie.

César ROUX

1857–1934

César Roux, born March 23, 1857 at Mont-la- Ville, died December 21, 1934, in Lausanne.

Roux was educated in the Lausanne schools and pursued medical studies in Berne from 1874–1880. After 1 year of study in Vienna, Prague and Halle, he became first assistant at Köcher’s clinic and L’Hópital de L’Ile. In 1883, he began a medical practice in Lausanne. He rapidly achieved a reputation of an extremely skillful surgeon. In 1887, he was asked to become the physician in charge of one of the two surgical services at the regional hospital in Lausanne, and in 1890, Roux was given a title of extraordinary professor and in 1893, ordinary professor of surgery. Roux knew how to incite students to observe and think. His fiery medical, professorial and scientific activities lasted almost 40 years. He was a commander of the French Légion d’Hon- neur and Doctor Honoris Causa Degree of the University of Paris in 1929.

Roux’s name is closely linked to important progress in modern surgery, especially in the treatment of typhlitis, an affliction that Roux named more pertinently appendicitis, and opera- tive treatment of recurrent dislocation of the patella. His operative methods represent important innovations (thoracoplasty in pul- monary tuberculosis, esophagojejunogastrosto- mosis in esophageal stenosis, posterior gastroenterostomy in Y-manner in gastric carci- noma, etc.). There is practically no surgical inter- vention that Roux has not modified technically in tious osteomyelitis was read to the Academy of

Science in Paris by Bouley, one of its fellows. It

is the first recorded experimental demonstration

of the disease now known as hematogenous

osteomyelitis.

an original manner. A great number of new instru- ments and apparatuses are attributed to him. In his later years, Roux was particularly interested in the goiter problem.

Raymond was an intern at the Hôpitaux de Paris Medical School from 1952 to 1958 and, in 1955, he served as an aide d’anatomie de la faculté (a member of the anatomy department). It was during his internship that he had to choose between general surgery and orthopedics. He had been influenced by Patel, Couvelaire, Hepp, and Cordier in the former field and by Lence, Merle d’Aubigné, Petit, Fevre, and Judet in the latter.

Having studied under the most important person- alities of that time, Robert Judet and Gaston Cordier, Raymond chose to remain in orthopedics with Judet.

In 1957, Raymond presented his thesis on pseudarthroses of the long bones, which was based on his work as a member of the anatomy department. His thesis was awarded the Gold Medal, the highest honor that can be achieved by a graduate student. His findings related to the vascularization of nonunions were a major con- tribution to the understanding of the appropriate treatment of these lesions. On the basis of his work with Cordier in the anatomy laboratory of the faculté in 1959, he compiled an atlas of hori- zontal cuts of the thorax, with photographs and illustrations that demonstrated the axial anatomy:

these images prefigured what would later be possible with computerized axial tomography.

After completing his internship, he spent a year in the service of Professor L. Leger. Leger was also from Martinique, and he took Raymond under his protective wing. They formed a special friendship that lasted for the remainder of their lives.

Raymond was chief of the Clinique Chirurgi- cale Infanthe et Orthopédique from 1958 to 1960 and an Assistant des Hôpitaux de Paris in Judet’s department at L’Hôpital Raymond Poincaré in Garches from 1960 to 1966. His interest in trau- matology and tumors of the spine was particularly stimulated when he served as an associate pro- fessor of traumatology and orthopedics at that institution from 1962 to 1970. He shared Judet’s interest in the cervical spine, and his innovative ideas became well known. He established criteria for the use of a posterior approach for the opera- tive stabilization of fractures of the cervical spine.

He also described the importance of the midver- tebral segments and ligamentous injuries of the cervical spine.

As chief of the department of traumatology and orthopedics at l’Hôpital Intercommunal in Poissy from 1970 to 1975, Raymond developed the concept of the spine center and built his reputa-

Who’s Who in Orthopedics

Raymond ROY-CAMILLE

1927–1994

Raymond Roy-Camille was born on April 25, 1927, in Fort-de-France on the island of Mar- tinique. His father was a successful merchant who had large land holdings. Raymond was an active, curious child and a serious student. He hunted extensively with his father, and hunting became an important part of his life.

Raymond’s uncle, Abel Roy-Camille, was a surgeon in Martinique and did much to stimulate Raymond to enter medicine. Raymond was fasci- nated by the work of his uncle and spent much time visiting and observing him.

In 1938, Raymond finished his last year of primary school at St. Moritz in Fort-de-France.

He completed secondary school in 1945 after having excelled in all of his classes. Although these were the years of World War II, the educa- tional system of Martinique was not disrupted.

Raymond moved to France in 1945 at the age of

17, just as the war was ending. When he arrived

in Paris, there were continuing post-war restric-

tions. During this time, he decided to become a

surgeon. He attended undergraduate school from

1945 to 1948 and served as an extern from 1948

to 1952 at the Hôpitaux de Paris.