Behaviour and Attitude Change Study Report
Per country analysis
Country: GREECE
.1.1. ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLE OF RESPONDENTS (Demographic information) A. Age
In relation to their sociodemographic information, respondent age spanned between 14 and 17.
All students apart from one (1.6%) who answered to the questionnaires in Greece were between 14 (29,7%), 15 (40,6%) and 16 (28,1%).
B. Gender
In relation to respondent gender, there was equal distribution between girls and boys, namely
C. Special Needs
This question was removed from the students’ questionnaires, since IEP/Ministry of Education, instructed to remove it, as a sensitive question.
D. Live with
In the majority, respondents lived with their mother (29,5%), father (28%), or siblings (18,6%
with brother/s and 15,7% with sister/s). A percentage of 4.8 answered to live with their grand- mother, 2.9% with grand-father and 0.5% responded to live with aunt.
E. Siblings
A total of 93,8% of students have siblings, while a minority of 6,2% answered that they do not have any brothers or sisters.
Respondent siblings are mainly 6-11 (24,2%), 12-15 (16,2%), 16-17 (14%) or 20-22 (15,2%) years old. 7,1% have siblings less than 5 years old, 9,1% have siblings age 18- 19, 7,1% has siblings aged 23-26, 6,1% has brothers or sisters between the ages of 27- 29 and 1% has siblings 30 or older.
F. Language spoken at home
The languages spoken at home among the Greek participants was mainly Greek for almost 94%, while 6% mentioned to speak English, German, and Russian.
.1.2. ROLES AND GENDER STEREOTYPES A. In general
In general terms, Greek respondents thought that stereotypes for role models are available for teenagers in the modern Greek society and are easily recognized.
For instance, for the preliminary questionnaire, 13 replied ‘AGREE’, while 52 replied ‘DISAGREE. For the final questionnaire, 16 replied ‘AGREE, 45 replied
‘DISAGREE’ but 4 students did not provide an answer.
13
16 52
45
0
4 0
10 20 30 40 50 60
INITIAL FINAL
Teenage do not have enough role models.
TRUE/AGREE FALSE/DON'T AGREE NO RESPONSE
Considering the evermore relevant role of media in our lives, looking into the support of gender roles in different types of media poses as very important for this study. The three types of media considered were printed media, electronic media and social media.
As far as the printed media is concerned for the preliminary questionnaire, 30 replied ‘AGREE’, 19 replied ‘SOMEWHAT AGREE, 9 ‘SOMEWHAT DISAGREE’, 6 ‘DISAGREE’ while 1 didn’t response at all. For the final questionnaire, 47 replied ‘AGREE, 11 replied ‘SOMEWHAT AGREE’ 2
‘SOMEWHAT DISAGREE’, nobody answered ‘DISAGREE’ but 5 students did not provide an answer.
Results in this category imply that it is possible that the CONVEY pilot programme rendered students more aware of role models and help them recognize them in printed media.
30
47
20 19 25 30 35 40 45 50
Printed Media support different roles for women
and men.
As you can see from the chart below the majority of Greek students realize that the way that gender stereotypes are presented in the printed media is accepted by the Greek society.
17
19 22
19
16
9 10
13
0
5
0 5 10 15 20 25
INITIAL FINAL
Such support by printed media is acceptable.
AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE NO RESPONSE
The charts below, referring to gender stereotypes through electronic media, show that after the implementation of the CONVEY program, children in Greece were capable to recognize gender stereotypes in the electronic media.
As far as the acceptance is conserned, it seems that children started to realize that the way women are presented in electronic media is accepted by the society. In the initial questionnaire 20 students somewhat disagree with the statement while in the final questionnaire only 9 students gave the answer
26
47
23
9 11
2 7
0 0
5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
INITIAL FINAL
Electronic Media support different roles for women and men.
AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE NO RESPONSE
‘SOMEWHAT DISAGREE’
13
19 17
19 20
9
13 13
2
5
0 5 10 15 20 25
INITIAL FINAL
Such support by electronic media is acceptable.
AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE NO RESPONSE
Following the previous categories, the same results were also in the way gender stereotypes are presented in social media.
29
47
21
9 11
0 5
1 2
5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
INITIAL FINAL
Social Media support different roles for men and women/ boys and girls.
AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE NO RESPONSE
B. Within the Family
Respondents seem to agree when roles within the family is concerned. A significant difference exists between the ‘YES’ mother and fathers have the same responsibilities within the family and the ‘NO’ reply which stays between 4-6.
19 19
10
19 19
9 14
13
3
5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
INITIAL FINAL
Such support of gender roles by social media is acceptable.
AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE NO RESPONSE
C. At Work
In relation to roles at work, in the initial questionaire the respondents answered that exist jobs that are more apropriate for men. After the implementation of the CONVEY pilot program it seems that students chenged their initial statement while 4 didn’t provide an answer at all.
60
53
4 6
1 6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
INITIAL FINAL
Do you agree that mothers ans fathers have the same resposnibilities to their family?
YES NO NO RESPONSE
56
20
41
20 30 40 50 60
Do you agree that some jobs are more
appropriate for men?
The same way of answers and change is seen in the answer of appropriate for women jobs.
D. Sexualization of women
Considering sexualization of women, not only in the first questionnaire but also in the final greek respondents answered that teenage girls shouldn’t follow the trends of fashion in order to be attractive.
53
19 12
42
0 5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
INITIAL FINAL
Do you agree that some jobs are more appropriate for women?
YES NO NO RESPONSE
But as it can be seen in the below chart, children after the implementation of the
program started to realize that a teenage girls who view sexually objectifying images of women on the Internet are more likely to accept violence. It seems that more work is need to be done with children to realize this aspect.
14
9
51 52
0 4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
INITIAL FINAL
Teenage girls should follow the trend and fashion so that they can be sexually attractive
TRUE/AGREE FALSE/DON'T AGREE NO RESPONSE
There was a change also in the statement of provocative clothes to attract
25
32 39
29
1
4 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
INITIAL FINAL
Teenage girls who view sexually objectifying images of women on the Internet are more likely
to accept violence.
TRUE/AGREE FALSE/DON'T AGREE NO RESPONSE
32
16 33
45
0
4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
INITIAL FINAL
A girl who wears provocative clothing is an 'easy one' or is 'asking for it' and dresses provocatively to catch the attention and sexually desire of boys.
TRUE/AGREE FALSE/DON'T AGREE NO RESPONSE
replied ‘DISAGREE’ and 1 didn’t provide an answer at all, in the final questionnaire the majority of students (39) replied that they disagree with this statement.
24
2 11
2
15 16
14
39
1
6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
INITIAL FINAL
A lot of time, women who say they were raped had led the man on and then had regretted it.
AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE NO RESPONSE
Considering reaction and behaviors in an intimate relation it seems both in the initial questionnaire and the final that Greek students realize that any form of hitting in a relationship is violence. It has to be noted that after the implementation of the program there was an increase of children that answered that even a slap is violence and a decrease of number of answers that if there are some reasons then it is not a violent action.
45
56
7
0 13
5 0
4 0
10 20 30 40 50 60
INITIAL FINAL
If in a couple, one partner slaps the other, is this violence?
YES NO RESPONSE IT DEPENDS ON THE REASON NO RESPONSE
answer while the number of ansers to ‘IT DEPENDS ON TE REASON’ remained the same.
Followin that. After the implementation of the program there was an increase in the answers of high seriousness of sexual violence regarding the results of forced sex.
51
55
8
1
5 5
1 4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
INITIAL FINAL
If two people are in a relationship, and one forces the other to have sex, is this a form of violence?
YES NO RESPONSE IT DEPENDS ON THE REASON NO RESPONSE
29
42
21
17
5
0
0 0
10
6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
INITIAL FINAL
If you answered yes to the above question, how serious do you think this is?
VERY SERIOUS QUIET SERIOUS NOT THAT SERIOUS NOT AT ALL SERIOUS NO RERSPONSE
When differentiating whether forced sex is considered a form of violence if it is perpetuated by a man or a woman, as far as men is concerned, students identified this
as very serious in an increasing trend.
31
39
16 15
9
0
0 0
9 9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
INITIAL FINAL
If you answered yes to the above question, how serious do you think this is?
VERY SERIOUS QUIET SERIOUS NOT THAT SERIOUS NOT AT ALL SERIOUS NO RERSPONSE
In the case of women being the ones forcing sex in relationships, a clear increasing trend shows in the graph below for very serious. Answers related to less degrees of seriousness remain low or in a decreasing manner in the final survey. High non- response rates are related to the fact that this question was not compulsory but related to those who had answered yes in the previous question.
25
28
15
26
8
1 0
0 16
11
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
INITIAL FINAL
If you answered yes to the above question, how serious do you think this is?
VERY SERIOUS QUIET SERIOUS NOT THAT SERIOUS NOT AT ALL SERIOUS NO RERSPONSE
C. Reaction
After the implementation of the CONVEY pilot program all students realized that they have to react in any way if they see a woman/girl being physically assaulted by her partner or if they see a female family member or close friend being physically assaulted by her partner (see the charts below).
1 3 0
0 23
13 37
53
2 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
INITIAL FINAL
How do you think you would react if you saw a woman/girl being physically assaulted by her
partner?
IGNORE
FEEL UNCOMFORTABLE BUT SAY NOTHING
PHYSICALLY INTERVENE TO TRY AND STOP THE VIOLENCE SAY OR DO SOMETHING ELSE TO HELPO
OTHER
1 0 0 0 36
17 23
47
5
0 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
INITIAL FINAL
How would you react if you saw a female family member or close friend being physically
assaulted by her partner?
IGNORE
FEEL UNCOMFORTABLE BUT SAY NOTHING
PHYSICALLY INTERVENE TO TRY AND STOP THE VIOLENCE SAY OR DO SOMETHING ELSE TO HELPO
OTHER
D. Justification
Most students answered that they did not agree that domestic violence was a private matter. In fact, results show that while students who agreed were in decrease, the vast majority of students disagreed with the statement in an increasing manner.
After the implementation of the program the majority of students seem to realize that a woman can be raped by someone she is in a sexual relationship with. The majotity of answers are DISAGREE and SOMEWHAT DISAGREE. However there was a slight increase of children (number of answers from 1 to 5) that they didn’t provide answer at
15
2 50
57
0
6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
INITIAL FINAL
Domestic violence is a private matter and should be handled in the family.
AGREE DO NOT AGREE NO RESPONSE
all.
The implementation of the program had a positive impact in the perception of the way that women should react after being sexually assaulted or harassed. The majority of students (61) disagree with the statement that “Women who are sexually assaulted or harassed should sort it out themselves rather than report it” while 4 children didn’t provide an
answer at all.
7
0 7
0 5
11 45
49
1
5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
INITIAL FINAL
A woman cannot be raped by someone she is in a sexual relationship with.
AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE NO RESPONSE
1 2 0 0 6
0 56
61
0
4 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
INITIAL FINAL
Women who are sexually assaulted or harassed should sort it out themselves rather than report
it.
AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE NO RESPONSE
.1.4. STALKING AND CONTROLLING BEHAVIOUR A. Stalking and controlling behavior
Respondents were not all well aware of what offline stalking meant. After the implementation of the program there was a decrease of NO RESPONSE answers and an increase of YES answers. Along with this there was a decrease of IT DEPENDS ON THE REASON answers, from 5 to none.
41
57
15
1 5
0 4
7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
INITIAL FINAL
Do you think thatrepeatedly following someone or watching someone at home or at work
(stalking) is a form of violence?
It seems that all Greek students were facilitated from the program in terms of recognizing the forms of offline stalking. In the final questionnaire there were 0
‘NORESPONSE’ and ‘IT DEPENDS ON THE REASON’ answers but there were 9 students that didn’t provide answer at all.
50
56
10
0 5
0 0
9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
INITIAL FINAL
Do you think that harassment via repeated phone calls, memails,, text messages and the like is a
form of violence?
YES NO RESPONSE IT DEPENDS ON THE REASON NO RESPONSE
The same image exists in the question ‘If a man keeps track of a woman's location and activities, would you say this is violence?’ that all children changed their ansers to YES even though 11 students didn’t provide an anser at all.
27
54
28
0 10
0 0
11
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
INITIAL FINAL
If a man keeps track of a woman's location and activities, would you say this is violence?
YES NO RESPONSE IT DEPENDS ON THE REASON NO RESPONSE
.1.5. SEXUAL VIOLENCE
A. Justifying men
In general terms, Greek respondents thought that a man is responsible for rape even though if he is drunk or under the influence of drugs at the time. For instance, for the preliminary questionnaire, 9 replied ‘AGREE’,6 replied ‘SOMEWHAT AGREE’, 11 replied ‘SOMEWHAT DISAGREE’ 37 replied ‘DISAGREE’ while 2 did not provide an answer. For the final questionnaire, 14 replied ‘SOMEWHAT DISAGREE’, 47 replied
‘DISAGREE’ but 4 students did not provide an answer.
The same ratio of answers is presented in the answers of the question relating rape to
9
0 6
0 11
14 37
47
2 4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
INITIAL FINAL
A man is less responsible for rape if he is drunk or under the influence of drugs at the time.
AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE NO RESPONSE
provided the answer SOMEWHAT AGREE and 4 students didn’t answer at all.
16
0 19
1 5
18 24
42
1
4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
INITIAL FINAL
Rape results from men not being able to control their natural need for sex.
AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE NO RESPONSE
B. Victim blaming
Disagreement is also present for the victim blaming the category ‘is a woman goes to a room alone with a man at a party, it is her fault if she is raped’. Even though answers of DISAGREE were high in the initial questionnaire (24), the answers of DISAGREE became even higher in the final questionnaire while there was a great decrease in AGREE answers (from 16 to none)
Greek students seem to resist of not blaming the victim, if he or she is under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Even though the DISAGREE answers are high it is easily seen that the factor of alcohol and drugs is crucial for their
16
0 16
6
9 9
24
46
0
4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
INITIAL FINAL
If a woman goes to a room alone with a man at a party, it is her fault if she is raped.
AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE NO RESPONSE
judgement.
11
1 20
8 6
15 26
39
0
4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
INITIAL FINAL
If a woman is sexually assaulted while she is drunk or is under the influence of drugs, she is at
least partly responsible for the assault.
AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE NO RESPONSE
C. Consent
Greek respondents changed their opinion of the factor of physically resistance of a woman during a rape. Actually, their answers after the implementation of the program were all of DISAGREE and SOMEWHAT DISAGREE, while 4 students in the final questionnaire didn’t provide answer at all.
9
0 9
0
13 14
34
47
0
4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
INITIAL FINAL
If a woman does not physically resist, even if protesting verbally, then it is not really rape.
AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE NO RESPONSE
In the question Women often say 'no' when they really mean 'yes'” the majority of children (50) gave the DISAGREE answer. However gender stereotypes are really strong and 6 students gave the SOMEWHAT AGREE answer while 4 students didn’t answer at all.
13
0
4 6
12
5 35
50
1
4 0
10 20 30 40 50 60
INITIAL FINAL
Women oftensay 'no' when they really mean 'yes'.
AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE NO RESPONSE
