TESI TRIENNALI e MAGISTRALI
(e Dottorato con Doppio Titolo)
Accordo bilaterale Milano e Cracovia
Silvia Leoni/ Franco Camera/ Angela Bracco
Università degli Studi di Milano
Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics
8 20
28
50
82
28
50
126
82
2 20
2 8 Neutron number N
Proton number Z
248 Stable
~3000 discovered
> 4000 expected
50
126
82
Our GOAL in PHYSICS:
a UNIFIED Description of more than 7000 Nuclei
NUCLEAR STRUCTURE
with
gamma spectroscopy
C
Rapid Neutron Capture in STAR explosions
Nuclear Force Binds the Nucleus
Many Body Quantum
System
Symmetry Principle
n p
Nuclear Force Binds the Nucleus
Many Body Quantum
System
Symmetry Principle
n p
Our GOAL in PHYSICS:
a UNIFIED Description of more than 7000 Nuclei
Impact on ASTROPHYSICS
Element ABUNDANCES
in the UNIVERSE
INTERDISCIPLINARITY Impact on Astrophysics
Impact on Social APPLICATIONS • Biophysics and medicine
• Energy production
• Environment control
• National security
Our Experimental Activities are based on
development and use of
MOST SOPHYSTICATED technologies
at present NOT commercially available
(detectors, electronics, software, …)
These technologies will become available to society on a longer term … in 5 to many years
Laboratories in EUROPE
LNS
Bucharest Warsaw
Orsay
JYFL
DUBNA
GSI
ISOLDE
CERN
Legnaro ILL
GANIL
Oslo
GALILEO
Legnaro ITALY
EXILL
REACTOR Grenoble GANIL
Normandie
ISOLDE - CERN Krakow
The BEST DETECTOR for nuclear photons
UNDER CONSTRUCTION (all European Countries)
photons
AGATA - FULL Detector
192 crystals segmented (6780 segments)
2.5 tons
FULLY DIGITAL electronics
TRACKING CAPABILITIES
Millimetric SPACIAL PRECISION
Performances of AGATA:
best photon energy determination
AGATA
Standard Technology
Photon energy [keV]
from moving nucleus with velocity equal to 20% speed of light
Photon energy
STUDIES AT THE REACTOR IN GRENOBLE
GANIL (AGATA)
GRENOBLE (FIPPS)
MOST INTENSE Neutron Source for research studies 200 days/year operation
1.5 x 1015 thermal neutrons / cm2 / s
58.3 MW
STUDIES AT THE REACTOR IN GRENOBLE
reactor
40 Neutron guides
our position
Bachelor, Master and PHD’s projects
TOPIC 1: Properties of
hard-to-reach nuclei
- Participation in experiments at the REACTOR in Grenoble
- Setting up of experimental setups
- Development and tests of detectors and electronics (Grenoble, Krakow, Milano, Padova, …)
- Software development (C++, Root, …)
- Application to medical studies !!
ACTIVITIES with Scintillator detectors
LESS EXPENSIVE than Ge crystal,
worse energy determination, application in medicine, …
New materials are under development …
Large size crystals
can be obtained…
They become text book examples
G.Knoll
Radiation Detection and Measurements
Studies of the performances of new detectors
• New detector properties are investigated:
sensitivity to the type of interacting particles
(neutrons, ions, electrons, ...)
• Dedicated electronics is developed to optimize detector performances
Applications of Scintillators
Detection of
HIGH energy photons 106-107 eV
large volume crystals
Krakow, Legnaro Laboratory (Italy) Basic Science
Medical Imaging
Detection of photon direction
smaller volume and segmented
crystals
Milano activity (Italy)
Bachelor, Master and PHD’s projects
TOPIC 2: Investigation of properties of scintillators based on new materials
(CLYC, GYGAG, CeBr3, SrI2, …)
- Study of energy resolution, time response, particle identification …
- Development of dedicated electronics (Selection of Phototubes, SiPM readout, …)
- Test with ion, gamma and neutron beams (Grenoble, Krakow, Milano, Padova, …)
- Application to medical imaging !!
