(1923) was a scholarly work. It was written in German and no English translation ever became available. For many years the great majority of children with congenital dislocation of the hip joint in Sweden found their way to Haglund and it was this large series of cases that formed the basis of the notable survey of late results of treat- ment published in 1941 by a former pupil—Erik Severin. Another important contribution that came from the old clinic was the review by Harald Nilsonne of the remarkable results of cuneiform osteotomy in an unusually large series of cases of that uncommon deformity infantile coxa vara.
essentially a proprietary school with a small faculty. Halsted became the assistant to the pro- fessor of physiology, John C. Dalton, the first American physiologist to use live animals to demonstrate procedures. Halsted graduated with honors in 1877 and spent the next 18 months as an intern at Bellevue Hospital. He was assigned to the Fourth Surgical Division where Frank Hastings Hamilton, the leading authority on frac- tures in the United States, was one of the two attendings. After his internship, Halsted became a house surgeon at the newly opened New York Hospital.
In the fall of 1878, Halsted went to Vienna where he attended various clinics, including those of Billroth. From Vienna he made an extended tour of surgical clinics in Germany. On returning to New York, he joined the faculty of the College of Physicians and Surgeons. He soon achieved an excellent reputation as a teacher as he slowly developed a private practice.
In 1884, Halsted began his experiments with the use of cocaine as a local anesthetic. Both he and his friend and associate Richard J. Hall even- tually became addicted to cocaine. The next few years of his professional life were chaotic as he struggled with his addiction. After a wide variety of treatments, including a stay in a sanatorium, Halsted was able to resume his career, although he remained addicted to morphine for the rest of his life. His work in New York was over. In 1892, largely through the influence of his old New York friend William Welch, Halsted was appointed Professor of Surgery at the Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore.
123
