• Non ci sono risultati.

The CERN Accelerator School

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Condividi "The CERN Accelerator School"

Copied!
80
0
0

Testo completo

(1)

! "

The CERN Accelerator School

Small Accelerators

(2)

#$ % & ' ( )$

*+ $

! " ! #

$ %& % # '

" $

, $ - . +

# ↔ # '

( ↔

/

0 $ 1 2 + . 3

+

&

) * + , - " ( . ( ' / * 01

203 . ( ' # / * .

(3)

0 $ 4

$

2& 4 1 . 5 %1 4 0 2 6

1

&

7 . 1 . ( ' ! 2 . $ % " # .

'

' 3 " * 5 $

* 3 2 $

%+ 120 & " . ( ' ! + 8 -

-4 9 1 4 0 0 .

6 $ 5 7

$ 1 4 2 + 9-1 ! 6

/

(4)

:

#$

8

! ) $

$ ! 7 ;

∆-7 ; * <

7 % =

!! $ ! ) ! > '

$ ! 7 % ;

∆-7 ; , * ? * <

7 %

$

(5)

) $ /

9 $ 7 * 2 * @:: A B $' 1 C ( D @ @

" # @: ( $' 1 2 " !! A B

( )

4 -

&

-

4 4

4

4 ( 4

4 (

4 (

⋅ ⋅

= π

= ⋅

⋅ γ

= ⋅

= ⋅ ϖ

⋅ ϖ

=

= ϖ

= ϖ

×

= ϖ

4 -

= β

7

;

=

# #

νννν E

4E % -

λ ! & !

! D % ω

∆-

∆-

!

!

λ

= π ( $

A/ FB

(6)

G

- '

- 4 !

&

& ! ⋅ + ⋅ ∆

= ⋅

= π

;

=

# #

νννν E

4E % -

λ ! & ! E λ ! < & !

! D % ω

∆-

∆-

9 2 '

4 -

&

&

& ! ⋅ ∆

= ⋅

=

+ − π

*#$

*)$

*#$ *)$'

! !

4 ⋅

λ

⋅ π

= −

- ! ⋅

= −

∈ 0

+ :# % " ( E

" ! 7 % ! # 4 " $ " #" $

→ ? E λ ! $ " #" ν !

% ∆- " $ $ → E

#' ! " 7

*

+ :)3 :# → ∆-E * E E → ∆-E * H

(7)

/

- + '

9 / 3 ; 3 / 3 #< 0 = A B

% E E !E ∆-E * 4E &, F $ : G * ! F " E

% # ν ! E F8 I D λ ! E / C → '

% J K ! % ! ( '

! ( ) " / "

% " ( ! #' $ H

+

+

>=+ +

#,?@+ +

! " H

!

%

+ +

; µ ; I D

(8)

F

A ?9 ? '

+ & + + B AGB

+ # + )

" # 1 4 G ! ! '

( ' " #"

! " ! $

" & E L& !

% % #'7 =!L∆-

! !

4 ⋅

λ

⋅ π

= −

- ! ⋅

= −

4' 6 " # # 4 # ! ! # !

( ! " #' " ! 7 H

( '

? ?' + :)3 :#3 :#?> * C ) B $ 3 λλλλ :#D + *, E "$3 , D

→ →

→ → 1 :D ?)= F 3 ∆∆∆∆5:)?6 G6## A :#)@ D A 3 )G , D :D?< = + 3 5 ,D :, @ ?@ A

" !E 7 4E / ' - E F *

(9)

@

9 ( 1 $ 20 + $

( " * $

# (

+ + '

L :: * D M E #

L µ $

" " #" " # $

L " #' $

L > " # !

L ! 7

"' " '

6 ! ' " 1

9 C

L ' !

L ( ! #7 $' ! "

( ' # ( $ " '

( ! #

(10)

7 H * & + $

∆∆∆∆5

G" . ω ω ω ωG

' ! $' * 2 * A B - A B

∆∆∆∆5 + 2

ϕϕϕϕ C D

# 7

;

4 -

= β ⋅ L L# ( #'

L" # " # "

L

L " !

7 !

(11)

) $ .F .

#

I #

1 : ?

λ ! & !

! D % ω

∆-E∆- ) L ϕ

∆∆∆∆5

#

4 -

= β ⋅

5 &

)G

5 :5 & I "G∆∆∆∆5

## $' " # @: ! $' - D A@B

$ A B ! . ( ' ! C N A B @G

(12)

- + * $'

( - 2 6 - ) & !

& 4 = ⋅

⋅ β + ⋅

∆ +

⋅ ⋅

= π

9 2 * + $'

& !

4 -

&

& = ⋅

− β

⋅ β + ⋅

⋅ ⋅

= π

+ +

*)$

*#$

O P E λ ! < & !

( - 2 6 - ) !

4 = ⋅ λ

β + ⋅

∆ +

⋅ ⋅

⋅ π

- !

4 = ⋅ λ

− β

⋅ β

⋅ +

⋅ ⋅

⋅ π

+

O P E λ ! < & !

∈ 0

9 # ( λ ! > ! " $ ∆- 4 - 2 6 $

! ! > 0 ' #' # " $ E H

N " ' 7 Pλ ! ! " # ' 4' ( ' # 4 # " ∆-

$ 6 # - 2 6 " #' $ " ' " #

E

E

(13)

8 + + + ββββ' = δ

− β

⋅ β

+

$ 5 & :0 A 3 ∆∆∆∆5:D?> A 3 :#?> = + 3 λλλλ :#)?)0 + *)?0 6 E "$' 7 δ E%: G δφE% : Q

7 δ E% δφ E%@ : ° ∆φ E%: ° : 7 δ E% δφ E%G @ ° ∆φ E% °

1$ 5 & : # ) A 3 ∆∆∆∆5: > A 3 : ) + 3 λλλλ : #D + *, E "$'

7 δ E% / δφE% Q

7 δ E% δφ E% ° ∆φ E% °

: 7 δ E% F δφ E% G ° ∆φ E% G °

/$ 5 & : # @ D A 3 ∆∆∆∆5:= ?6 A 3 : # ) ?< + 3 λλλλ : # )?) 0 + *) ?06 E "$'

7 δ E% / δφ E% °

7 δ E% G : δφE% @ Q ∆φE% °

L 1 6 # ! ( # # #

( # " ! > $ $ # ( R $

L # $ ( * # βE 6 !

λ !

⋅ δ π

=

δφ β : G * E @@ F

β F * E @@@ G

β F / * E @ @@@@G

(14)

:

52 +

( ! ' " " ϕ #

F # 3 '

0 A # 6 A 3 # @ 3

∆∆∆∆5:D?> A 3 :# ?> =+

F ) 3 '

# 6 A # @D A 3 6 # 3

∆∆∆∆5:,?) 0 A 3 :6 ?>D +

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

-16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9

ϕ

[ ° ]

turn

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 -23

-22 -21 -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12

ϕ [ ° ]

turn

ϕϕϕϕ :.))J

ϕϕϕϕ :.#>J

(15)

4E

∆-

4 - 4

-

= ∆

⋅ ∆

= ⋅ - 2 6

P∆

'

π λ

⋅ ⋅

=

!

# E λ ! E :

P∆ E @

( 2 6 ) ! - !

- 4

4 - ⋅ ∆ = ⋅ λ

∧ π λ

=

⋅ +

∆ +

⋅ ⋅

⋅ π

! βE 7

&

'

$ "

H

+

L

- E- 2 6 =DL∆-

(16)

G

7 1 + % + F '

' δ δφ

-

- !

4 ⋅ ∆ = ⋅ λ

π ∆ - = ∆ - ) ⋅ ϕ

; + + '

,>DJ

δ

→ δφ δ

δφ

!

!

- -

(17)

/

; 7 ' - ) ( )

ϕ

= ϕ

ϕ ϕ ∆

-90 -45 0 45 90

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1

ϕϕϕϕ s

-

- = ∆ ) ⋅ ϕ

∆ δφ

δφ δφ δφ C D δδδδ5 C D

( )

! )

!

- -

- = ∆ ⋅ ϕ + δφ − ϕ + δ δ

δφ

=

δφ $ βE E

( ) ϕ δ δφ

= − δ

δφ

! )

!

- - -

) ) ! " ( 7

7

(18)

F

; ,>DJ. '

δδδδ5 K D δφ δφ δφ δφ C D

!

)

!

- -

- - δ

= δ

δ ϕ ⋅

π

− ⋅ δφ

= δφ

$ # ! " # #'

π

− δφ λ =

− δ ϕ =

= δ

∆ δ

λ

=

⋅ ⋅

⋅ π

-

- -

-

4 -

) !

!

δ

⋅ δφ ϕ

π

− ⋅ δ =

δφ

! )

!

- - -

,>D J

) 7

(19)

@

ϕ

− ∆ ⋅ ϕ

π

− ⋅ ϕ

⋅ π

= +

= °

-

-

) 1 )

G

&

& ≈≈≈≈ ' D ? 7

( & ) D

&

&

&

&

D = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ =

F + 2 F '

+ '

& & <

<

<

ϕ

⋅ π

⋅ +

<

:F ° < ϕ <

:#'

G

/ ° < ϕ <

E 7

I

(20)

3 ! ! " ! # $ ' A+B7

D

!

D ⋅ ) = ) = λ ⋅ )

= ( λ 2 ) ) =

( )

( ) ( )

( )

2

= +

+

⋅ λ

− λ

=

⋅ +

+

⋅ λ

− λ

=

− λ

⋅ λ

=

⋅ λ

= 2

=

( ) ( )

( )

( ) ( )

&

#

$

!

:

<

= +

= Ψ

± Ψ

= λ

Ψ

= +

<

+

− +

± +

= λ

Ψ

±

* + 3

7 $

" λ # ( ) # ( !

F L * " 2 $ " ?

(21)

ψ

⋅ α

− ψ

⋅ ψ

⋅ β ⋅

α

− +

ψ

⋅ β ψ

⋅ α + ψ

= ϕ

− ∆ ⋅ ϕ

π

− ⋅ ϕ

⋅ π

⋅ +

D D

D

D D

D -

-

S S

S

S S

S D

)

)

& ' ) > %! 7

( ) ψ S = + π ( ) ϕ " S # = ψ π S

5 F * 7 $3 M. '

ε

= δ

⋅ β + δφ

⋅ δ

⋅ α

⋅ + δφ

γ - -

β α

= + γ

4' # " ! $ " ! DE

$ α β Ψ >

- )

S

S S

ϕ

π

⋅ ⋅

− Ψ

= β

Ψ

= Ψ α

Ψ S E " ( S # E $ !

(22)

% + + ' A B

δφ δφ δφ δφ δδδδ5

γ

⋅ ε α β

⋅ ε

α β

ε β

⋅ ε

γ

⋅ ε

− γ ε

ε

= δ

⋅ β + δφ

⋅ δ

⋅ α

⋅ +

δφ

γ - -

9

" 7 α T H

# 7 # "

" ( ! δφ )

) #' ( δ- !

γ

⋅ δφ

= γ

ε γ

⋅ ε δφ

=

δ-

(23)

i

2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

50 0 50

Spur 1 Spur 2 δEp max

δEp min ell1 i, ⋅1000 ellreal1 i, ⋅1000

φp max

φp min ell0 i,

rad

ellreal0 i, , rad

δ E [keV]

δφ [ °]

ϕ s E% GQ < Ψ # S EF: @Q

∆-E/ E *

: DE@

) x

(

( +

i

2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

50 0 50

Spur 1 Spur 2 δEp max

δEp min ell1 i,1000 ellreal1 i,1000

φp max

φp min ell0 i,

rad ellreal0 i, , rad

ϕ E% GQ

δφ A QB δ- A *B

1 -

1/2 -32,48°

1/3 -25,52°

1/4 -17,65°

1/5 -12,40°

S # ϕ &

st re ng th

= °

*

Ψ S

(24)

:

8 + * $'

E ϕ E% GQ ∆-E/ * DE@

)

&" J #' ! K

&" ( #' σ - ) 7

! ! ) ! "

%@ Q =@ Q

% *

= *

#

=: *

%: *

% Q % = GQ δφ

δ-

%@ Q =@ Q

% *

= *

"

=: *

%: *

% Q % = GQ δφ

δ-

D

; - )

-

σ ∆

% * =@ Q

= *

%@ Q δφ

δ-

(25)

2 6 δφ

δφ δφ

δφ:)J3 ϕϕϕϕ :.#>J3 ∆∆∆∆ 5:=?6 A 3 @=

& + + +

-)

2 6

-)

.6D D A I6D D A

.#>J I#>J

.6D D A I6D D A

.#>J I#>J

? ? 3 F , &

' N , A

$ " " #' 6 $ " # " " !

) # #' ( #' " # $ ! H

δφ δφ δφ

δφ:)J δφ δφ δφ δφ:)J

(26)

G

+ & '

' #" " ! " #" & " H

+ &

δδδδ5 '

- -

-

- = ∆ ) ⋅ ϕ = + δ ! ⋅ ∆ ) ⋅ ϕ δ

? ? ϕϕϕϕ :.# >J 3 M:D ?) ,0) '

δ- ! E U 7 ϕ δ E% / @Q SE δφE @Q

δ- ! E U 7 ϕ δ E% G Q SE G δφE Q

δ- ! E U 7 ϕ δ E% G Q SE :: δφ= Q

-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10

0,86 0,88 0,90 0,92 0,94 0,96 0,98 1,00 1,02

∆-

ϕ A QB

δ- !

∆- )

δ ϕ ϕ

( = δϕ )

ϕ

− ϕ

=

δφ δ

)

!

!

-

- -

= δ δ

( )

-

%

;

-

!

!

ϕ

⋅ ϕ δ

ϕ

− ϕ

= δφ

δ +

= ϕ ϕ

δ δ

6 δ- !

" 6 δφ ! " $

#" ' " # " #

(27)

/

8 M * ϕϕϕϕ $'

δ

⋅ δφ ψ

⋅ α

− ψ

⋅ ψ

⋅ β ⋅

α

− +

ψ

⋅ β ψ

⋅ α + ψ

⋅ δ =

δφ

S S

S

S S

S

D D

- D

D D

D D

D -

( )

S

( )

S ) S

S

- ψ = + ⋅ π ⋅ ϕ

β α

= + ϕ γ

π

⋅ ⋅

− Ψ

= Ψ β

= Ψ α

( S )

D D

- ⋅ ⋅ Ψ ⋅ δφ

β α

− +

= δ

-

%

; !

ϕ

⋅ ϕ δ

δφ

& δδδδ5 + '

ϕϕϕϕ * Ψ Ψ Ψ Ψ M $

1 ϕϕϕϕ

B δ- ! V U

: D

(28)

F

% * % U δδδδ5 = * = U

δδδδ 5 δδδδ 5

ϕ E% G Q

@ LF: @@ E

@ L G E :F

ϕ E% @Q

@ LF @G/ E

@ L :E @@

= *

% *

= *

% *

∆-E/ *

@

- EF *

δ- 7

* = L %

(29)

@

F F * $'

$ A B

$ ! "

) ( ! #

" ! # ! ! "

(

B

4

4

D

(

!

! #

!

4' 6 # " ( ! ( ! # ! " ! # !

$ ( ( ! # $ H

(30)

$ ' $ 2 '

L ( ! # ! " #'

L $ ! → #

$ D

L $ # $ ! DW DW

L > (

# ! #

" D

L # ( '

L ' !

L ! # ' ! #

# ! " #

L ! # " ! > $ A4B

<! $ ; <! &" ! " ! #

# " " <- " "

# $ !

' ) '

) ⋅ ε

γ

= β ε

+ # ! $

#

$ D ' ' H

(31)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

β x, y [m ]

turn β

x

β

y

52 + L 2

* F ,3 3 <D $'

+ " .

(32)

" + #D '

* . 3 0 $ $

% + " + " B

52 + L 2

* F ,3 3 <D $'

(33)

L ( ' ! ) $ # ) #

L " # #" % $

L ( ' " #" #'

L ) $ > ' #'

L 6 $ ( β; > - 2 6 *

L JI #" K A B ! & 7 - < - 2 6 V 7 $ "

# " ! # ! ! # )

> # ! & " ( ' " #" #

L ( ' " # $ # # ! 7 ∆4<4 V %:

! $ # $ ' ( # # !

! $ # " "

L ! ) # ! #" ! F Q% # - H

L # ( * 8 * # : $

$ # $ !

L ' ! 7

" ' 6 ! ' "

J$ #K " ' ! "' ) A :B

+ .F . '

(34)

:

) $ : 7

9 $ 7 ! . ( ' I #" - #' 3"' 1 $ ' I-31

# 1 A G /B

8 +

L " #" #' #

L $ ! V

L $

J$ #K F Q% R " $ " ( ( " $

λ ! & !

! D % ω

6

$

(35)

F + '

δ δφ

=

δ δφ

G :

: :

:

G G

!

!

!

!

!

!

- ' ' ) )

- ' ' ) )

&" ! ) $' ) ! ) ! $ '

" ' ' # $ )%' 7

2 " " $

! " # " $ 7

+ 2 $ " ! ! " #' $ ) '

&"

! $ #'

9 ?1? + + B A4B

(36)

G

O$ + 2? ∆∆∆∆5 + 2

&" + " # " σφ ! #' σ- !

+ + & + σφ σφ σφ σφ σσσσ5 H

" " 6 ! "

∆-

! D % ω

ϕ E Q

σφ 7 " # " ! 6 $

σ- ! 7 #' !

) $

???

σφ ! E σφ ! ! $ # "

( < ) ; - < F

-

- ! = ∆ ) ⋅ − σφ ∆ ) ⋅ σφ

σ 7 σ- ;

? ?' σφ E Q → σ- ! E σ- ! < ∆- ) ; L %:

σφ E Q → σ- ! E σ- ! < ∆- ) ; FL %

∆- )

X

0 # !! ! # ' "

(37)

/

∆-

! D % ω

ϕ E Q

σφ

δϕ !

δ- !

2 ! ! " δϕ ! δ- ! 6 7

# " σ- ;

∆- )

)

! -

- -

= δ δ

( ! ) )

! - -

- = + δ ⋅ ∆

6 δ- ! 7 δ

" 6 δϕ ! 7 δ - ! = ∆ - ) ⋅ [ − ( ) δϕ ! ] ; − ∆ - ) ⋅ δϕ ! <

δ-

!

7 #' ( ! $ "

( ) ( )

[ ]

( ) ! ( ) ) !

)

! ) !

!

-

; -

- -

σφ

⋅ δϕ

∆ σφ

⋅ δϕ

=

σφ

− δϕ

− σφ

+ δϕ

= σ

σ-

!

7 #' ! $ "

3" 6 ' ! #' 6 H

???

(38)

F

# 7 ∆- ) E: * 7 - E * "

δ-

δ-

% *

% *

= *

= *

δφ

% Q = Q

20 7 σφE Q δϕ ! E Q σ-E *

)) A

σσσσ5 : #?@P#D .0

δφ

% Q = Q

20 7 σφE Q δϕ ! E% Q σ-E *

#)D A

σσσσ5 : #P#D .,

; F ; F

(39)

@

. $ #

% " " ( A FB

9 & # ' 7

+ & δδδδ5 + & δϕ δϕ δϕ δϕ B

" # ! " # ( S # H

# 7 ! " 6 M :# Q 6

$' " ! ϕ V

δφ δφ δφ δφ δδδδ5

*#$

*)$

*,$

*0$

*D$3 *6$

Ψ S E / Q " " (

" 6 ! "

( " "

# " #' 6 H

# " 6

#" δ- ! V U

" # S # " H

δϕ !

(40)

:

L " #" #' # #

L % $

L $ ! D E Y

L % $ ( !

$ ! " (

L ) $ #

L ' " " !

" ! " ! !! ! !%

L $ # F Q $ # # '

L ) $ > ' $ ' ( ' " $ "

L ) " $ ! " % !

L $ > ' ! ) $ # $ " # "

#' # ' " $ > ' ! " 6

L ( ' " #" # $ ( 8 *

L J 'K % !! ( # ! ) #

L ' ! 7

"' " 9-1 ( ! #"

+ '

(41)

:

,$ . +

9 + *R + + S3 F :,DD $ 3 pulsed

73 ∆∆∆∆5 3 I!

3 !

1 - = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅

' A @B'

# ( : 8ID

$ % π< %

EG/ Ω< 1E F 3 ! E C

∆-E /: *

# A Q+ T #0 U Q+

&" $ ( " "

$ $ X H

X 2 ( ! C < E *< " A B

$ ' H

' % 58V 8.1 A B

( # ( 8ID

# π< %

E Ω< 1E 3 ! E C XX

∆-E@G *

XX C '

2 + '

)D A Q+ T = U Q+

# " # 7 µ ID

' ' 7 U

→ H ? :,?6 U Q+

$ 7 &" !% ' 6 # "

# ! ( ! ' # H

AΩ< B7 " %

(42)

:

8 3 + * W + $

( )

( )

( < S - ) S 1

3 3

3 1 S S

<

-

!

!

= ∆

=

=

8.% 7 9 / A B'

# ( 8ID π% %

<SE Ω< SE L @ 1E

S 1 ESL = κ % E L / 7 S%(

∆∆∆∆ 5:6 A Q+ O$ T H :0U Q+

X

*< ' " ( ( ( 9 " #' # ! -4 9 !! 1 $ ( " @ *<

SEFL

@

Z 8ID % ' A B &" Z 8ID7 *< A :B

. . + + ? 1 '

+ + . + + +

+ T ) * # U T ) 2? 6D D U T ,D D $ B

4%$ " ! " 7

δ ! 4 E 8ID<S 1 E ID

2 7 ID

! > ' ( # " ( 7

δ !< δ E ID< µ

" ( # " ( 7

δϕ < δ E GQ<

3 ! $

-

(43)

:

5 '

'

$

' 3

= 3 η

C " ! # !

D % 7

( ) ( ) ( ) $

! $

$

!

$

2 .

S D S

.

2 .

D 2

. . D

2 .

D

⋅ ϕ +

= η

⋅ ϕ +

⋅ ∆ η

= ⋅ η

. '

: 8ID D7 $ ! ∆ . E ∆ -< <1E F *< <SE: : Ω <

SE η ! E U !! ' ! !%#

( ) ( ) ( )

! $

! $

$

!

!

$

2 . S D

S .

2 . D 2

. . D

2 . D

⋅ η +

+ η ϕ ⋅

= η

⋅ η ⋅

η + η +

ϕ ⋅

= ⋅ η

. '

8ID D7 $ ! ∆. E ∆-< <1E *< <SE Ω<

SE L @ η ! E U !! ' ! !%# η E U !! ' ! ' # '

$

!% #

!

!%

" '7

!% $ ' Z ,

(44)

::

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 0

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

sc-rf nc-rf

η el ec tr ic ity [ % ]

number of turns

# 7 %+ 120

DE * % *

# 7 & 2

DE@ F * ? F *

5 '

2 $ E µ

(45)

:

+ . . '

. '

L ( ' $ ( " #'

L ( ' " #" # TT *< " ( $

L > # " $ ' ' ! !

L ! " #" " !! ! ! "

$ # 7 % !! $ $ !

( " #"

L ! " $7 *< Z C < ' ! " !

L $ # " !! 7 µ # $

*< ' C !%

. '

L ( # # " ' # &- 1 A :B

&" # 7 2 1 " #' 7 B A B

L *< *< $ " ( ' !%

L " #" !! ' $ ( $ !

L $ # $ $ ! ! <S

L ( ' " #" > ! " !% # # "

$ '

L ) " #' ! ' #

(46)

:G

0 $ 52 + ' .F .

8 2 #DD A F " 5 %1 4 6 X

)@DD+ +

# D > > + +

. + 7 8ID C ' → ∆-E *< 4E &

& 7 ( $ # ' A FB 7 - 2 6 E G *

7 " ( ! ! # ) ! = >

+ + 7 * )1 $7 * ? * DE @

σ-E U * # "7 ? µ 7 ? ID

$ 7 ?

5 %1 47

&" $ # ' (

6 " 6 " '

! " ' ' " "

X

" 6 ! ' " 0 , 4- [ 2=22

) & & % * $ ! % " '

#DD A

A G /B

(47)

:/

5 =6 A F

. + '

8ID C " %

# → ∆-E *< 4E % G&

& '

6 " *

! $ "

'

$' # >

)

+ + '

/ * DE σ-E U

7 E ) λ ! "

( ϕ E%@Q ! $ ## $

E G G

4' ( ! - 2 6 ∆- 4

( ! " #' !

: * @ * $ A B

N # ' " " " " ( ( " 6 ! " -.&- 3- 6

: * % % # # ! "' % 0

! $ ! "' (

( (

A @B

(48)

:F

H + % =D A F

. + 7 F G8ID G C %$ " #"%( # 33 %! X '

→ ∆-E *< 4E &

& 7 $' " # ' " ) 7 - 2 6 E *

7 ) R" D ' $' ( ' $'

# >

+ + 7 *%/ * DE # "7 ) µ 7

) ID $ 7 ) :

6D A

X

3 3 # ! #

A B

(49)

:@

2 6

)DD+ 3 + 2? 0DD A

+ 2? =6D A

. .

0 $ .7

F 1 7

L # ' # " #" ' ! # !

"' ) R # 7 @/:

L # ! : $' ' F G ID

) : C "

L $ 7 # µ # " ID ' ' 7 : U

µ ( * #' U #' !

$'

" = "

'

#' $ 7 GU

L " " #" ' " '

@F A :B

L 7 #' ( ( " $ # "

$ # !! $ # ! '

F Q $ (

! " # " 6

A B

(50)

F 6DD A & X .7 13 7

L " ( ' 6 % & " ( ' #

L # ! ) $ ' ! " 6 " 5 %1 4 # #

. + ' %$ 8ID E " $' C

' ' > " 1-+ X ' * #' # *<

& ' " !%# * T $ " # "7 ;

+ ' " J $ K " " # " "

" # #" ! " 6

+ + ' # " : ID U #'

;

" # "

6 "

.

.

.

)6D A

6DD A R S'

0 " !

" #" #

J K

X

! 1 - #' + $ 7 !% #' # ( !% " ) ! # "

A GB

(51)

0 $ .F .

8 7 * 87$3

9 H A / FB

L # ! & " % ' @G/ H

L " % ( $ $ " " ! I-31 < #

L ! " . 1% $ $ # # ! @/

8ID & E: , # 7 *< DEG - E @ *

• " ! @/ " . 1% $ # # ! . 1%

8ID & E , ∆-< E *Z C ! DEG - EF *

E ! !! $

L ! % & " ; / * #'

• . 1% µ $ # ( 4 4 . 44.

! ! ! " % 7 µ A @B

.

*) $

.

*, A $

∆∆∆∆5====#, A

.

*@D A $

(52)

( ) ( N 2 )

D 44.

44. 44. D - -

- S

; S

2 ⋅ ⋅

β λ

⋅ ⋅

1 + 1 *11 $ * $'

# & % -%9 4%9

4 ( ' #" ' !! ) ) = # ( !

& % 4%! 4 $ % "

( ' # 2! $ " !% " ! ! #

J " K $ #' ! " $

! " ( -%!

8 + E + Q5 *R 2?S$'

2 7 " "

Y

44.

7 " 44.

-

D

7 # ! # "

β7 ( # $ %! ! "

D7 $ !

<S7 " [Ω] D # "

A: B

A: : : B

& ( ! " '

)

" ) H

&" \ " "' 44. !

! % . 1

7 #< # !

(53)

F " 3 " A : B

*

0?D A

7 9 / " =

" #

%

+ + ' #D D µµµµ + 2 *@> U + $

6 7

σ-E * P %:

ε ) E P %G

& 7

σ-E * FP %

ε ) E /P %G

& 7

σ-E F * P %

ε ) E P %G

& 7

σ-E * P %

ε ) E P %G ε ) $ EFP %@

< Y 3 6D U 3 )?06 E"

T #D D µµµµ : ) @D U

F ,

+ 2? < D

# @ D A .@ 66 A

#6 A

∆-E/ *

ϕ E% GQ

1:#?) @F

F )

6 #

# @ D A

∆ -E : * ϕ E% GQ

1:D?6 6F

F #

# @

# 0?< A

∆-E G *

ϕ E% Q

1:D?# DF

X

X

2 #' % !! ) #

(54)

:

7 % 7 % %

σσσσ 5 " + εεεε 2 L +

2 + . . +

γγγγ " *2. $ ,>D J. + * $ B Z00[

( ) γ

= ⋅ σ

- / 1

:F

"

⋅ γ

⋅ ⋅

= ⋅ ε

) 1 I )

:F

"

2 # # " "

" #" " $ # #

) ) )

) ) )

)

)

+ + + +

I = β ⋅ ′ + ⋅ α ⋅ ⋅ ′ + γ ⋅

α, β, γ7 ! +7

F ,' + + + Z06[

εεεε 2 3 Z+ [

5 Z A [

+ '

* 2 $ ⋅ ε

γ

= β

ε L + 2 ' 2

* $

(55)

H " F , A:GB

F ,

5 C 5 C 5

l C l C l

F + + + # @ D J 2

+ + < ?@ D E" *F D #D $? 1

M.

F , & " B

<?@D E" F D#D .

* λλλλ :,D?>+ + $

7 #@ D J . + < ?@ D E" '

< *

@G

*

<

G

* F /

-

8ID F

! ⋅ λ @ = = °

∆ = λ

C " " ! Q # #' $ D !7

W # A T @66 A : #?)P#D .>

(56)

G

E ' & 7 3 F # I F )

F )

F # &

(57)

/

F , 06D Q #@DJ

E 1' F ,

(58)

F

E '

& 3 F #I F )

E 1'

F ,

- 1

# < < < '

+ " ) #' ! 2 4

! @ 6 6 A #6 D D A $' # ! " #

# 2 " ! " )

$ > ' # " ) % ! "

&

6

(59)

@

+ (

5:@66 A 5:#6DD A

Y #?@

Y #?@

Y #?@

Y #?@

Y 6 ?@

* 1 : # ?) @ F : ? $

06D )>DD

(60)

G

LINAC I (4.90GHz)

LINAC II (2.45GHz)

Inje ctio

n 8 55 M eV

Extraction 1500MeV

10 m

43 recirculations

B max =1.539 T

250t

E + % 8 *E% 8 $

* 2 $ Z0= 30@ 30<[

(61)

G

- 4

− π

⋅ ⋅ λ

=

/ % .8 . '

? ?' 1:#?)@F 3 λλλλ:D?#))0+ ∆∆∆∆5:0#?# A

* . ' W 06+ $

= %

4 2 π

= % % L : E L π% L∆ E Lλ

F ' λλλλ % 8 :D?6 G D?#))0+ ∆∆∆∆5:)D?6 A

+

F + L E% 8

0?<D E" )?06 E" B

" ( <

$ W π + !

=

(62)

G

+

. (

2

06J

(63)

G

+

. B

2 06J

-0,4 -0,2 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6

Polschuh-Kante

60% B

max

B

max

=1.539T

B

y

[ T]

z [m]

%! # ! #

.

- 1

* - +

+ 1$

(64)

G:

/ L + '

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

13,5 14,0 14,5 15,0 15,5 16,0 16,5 17,0

sy nc hr on ou s en er gy g ai n / t ur n [M eV ]

Turn [#]

C " # #' " $ " @ Q ) $' ( '

# ! % # " " > #' # ! ! " ' "

(65)

G

-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2

HDSM DSM

LINAC I LINAC II

φ 1,2

# ! : 8ID (

( " # $

: @ 8ID : @ 8ID

= : 8ID

$ # ! # ! : @ 8ID (

(66)

GG

E + .

* + $

% 8 3 ) 2 0?<D E"

-2,0 -1,5 -1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0

-300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Longitudinaler Phase-Raum DSM

∆φ

=3Grad (relativ zu 4.90GHz)

Injektion Extraktion

δ E [k eV ]

δφ [Grad]

# " % +

∆φE Q ( : @ 8ID

E% 8 3 0?<D E" I )?06 E" 7

-2,0 -1,5 -1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0

-300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Longitudinaler Phase-Raum HDSM

∆φ

=2.5Grad (relativ zu 2.45GHz)

Injektion Extraction

δ E [k eV ]

δφ [Grad]

# " % I+

∆φE Q ( : @ 8ID

(67)

G/

0 $ .7

8.% 7 9 /3 F % + A B

. + ' F %4 8ID π− # ( $' F

C ' ) : * #' # *<

& ' * # ) % " =$ " % ! $'

= ( * E Q $ " # "

+ ' " " " # " 6 $'

( # >

+ + ' % * µ * G µ Z U ' '

δ-<-; P %: ' J % " K !% ! "

* #

"

$ " ,D :,) J 6 :6 J

) :) J

5

&?

:#D A

∆∆∆∆5:0D A + 2? #,D A

" # "

6 % 7

δ E E F Q

" # "

6 % 7

δ EG E Q

(68)

GF

%+ 120 ' ! "' )

%+ 120 ! ' ( ( ! ! λE/%Fµ

9 %- %1 A B " " > "

T $ "

(69)

G@

/ 5 1 + - 3 7 ?

J 'K

E E 1 E /

"

"

6

W ) D D

+

A B

(70)

/

L F # (

= 6 F W C '

L 8ID < ( ' # "

L <SE@F Ω SE:P @ &E / *<

"

"

>DD

A >D D A

& '

06 A

L F Q $ # ' :

# $

L " " "

# " # "

! #

6

0

4' # . ( $' + . +

*6DD E"$ . $ ) $ (

+ " " ) " " #D > H

+ + + '

G8 * X µ @ C $ " # " ! GQ δ-<-; P % XX

X

# ' " #' 8 * A B

$' # ' " / *< # "

' # * 8* "

XX

&" ! > ! " 6

! < " ! (

! "

(71)

/

6$ 5 7 *5 7$ A B

( ' " H 1 ] ! " ! ' 6

( - 1 " : " # #" H

I ' ( ' $ )

∆- Y

-E ∆-=- 2 6

6 7 " # " = ⋅ λ + λ <

$ - 2 6

- ; - 2 6

4' # " " # " $ # ( # " " !

( # " " $ % " " " ! "

$ 4' " #' $ % ! " !%! " ( ' "

# ! !% ( # $' " ! " %$ H

9

$' & # A :B

+ +

(72)

/

9 X ! #' ( # ! <9-1 A B

' 2&%4 &- A :B

X

9 " # ! ) !

# " ( 0 1 $ A GB

H + L . '

R + + S

!

$ 2 6 !

$

2 6

$

3

; 3 3

- 2

- -

2

+

+

= ⋅ κ

" #' ! " 6

" " $ (

E + ' 3 $ ! J( K $ 2 ( $

) $ $ $ # ## < %

# ' " H # # ' "

" # Z :8 * E / C J$ K

κκκκ ; < κκκκ TT $

! # ' κκκκ V

(73)

/

F 7 ? % + -57

) 0D U + 3

) U

( $ -4 9 " #'

# D A

&

A /B

κ κ κ

κ ≅≅≅≅ 16 ! 16 ! 16 ! 16 !

#

" 6

/ * #

$ " # " $ ! ## 7

: E G $ "

$ "

"

,6 A 0@ A

6 +

'

! 9-1 " $ #' " G%FU

&" $ $ " " #" "

' " #" " &" >

" " #" $ " # H

&" 2 %9-1 # C 7

&" > * $ #' " / C $

(74)

/:

% + '

'7

1 # 1 $

GASK

-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

-1.00E-04 0.00E+00 1.00E-04 2.00E-04 3.00E-04 4.00E-04 5.00E-04

Time (s)

Voltage (V)

(75)

/

CHESS / LEPP CHESS / LEPP

10mA-100mA

F ' 5 7 A F @B

? ? / H X . 8 8 / 7

(76)

/G

L #" ' " "

J # K $ " # " ( " D

%> ) ( !!

L # " $ > ' $

" 6 # ( $ " ( '

" $ "% # " $ $' $ "

" % ' " % % !!

L " # " ( # $ ! # #

" ! ( C $ ' ' "

→ #' ( # '

L #' ( # $ ) # ! ! !

" !% ( $

L #' ( # ' ' ( ' ! 6

; * ; E ; C " " $ ( $ "

( ' " V # " ( ; π

L " " $ $ " $

" " ! " " " " ' ' #'%

" ! ( U &" #" ! $

( " #"

L " #" $ # # " " " $

# ) $ " " $ "

$ # #' !! - <- ;

+ '

(77)

//

1

A B ' - J # - K I 3 " " I @F:

A4B + ( ' J&" N ! " # 3 4 K I 3 " " I @@

A B , C J3"' & " $ " # ' " " # > K ! # & $ #

+ @@G , C J&" 3"' ! 3 K N)! . ( ' 3 .

A+B I C J3 3"' K * 2=* 22 # 4 I $ # @@ @@

4 2 7

A B C * + 0 : :G @:: J " ! ! ( K

3"' . @ @:

A B - J&" ' " ? " #" #' K 3"' ( GF : @:

A B 1 2 " !! J3 ! # $ ' *K ( 2 G @:G

A:B 2 " JI % K 3 N . 0 @:@

9 # 7

A B C I J # ! K 0 G G@@ @:F

2 ( !

AGB 3 , D * 0 " ^ " - & 9 D : GF @G ( 3"' -&3 : GF @G

! 7

A/B 3 , D * 0 " J&" K I 3 " 1 @/F

AFB 3 , D J&" ! ! K ! 0 - #' 3 F F @GG

.F .

A@B - D J ' " # K ( 3"' + ' G @ G

A B $ J&" " #"% #' " #" K ! 3"' : @ F

A B - 4 I 9 " " J3 ' ! ! % K 3"' /@ @G

I 9 " " - 4 J9 % K 2--- & 0 0 % : / G @G/

A B I 4 $ 0 2 _ " G / @G/

A B I I #" J&" # ! F * # K

0 2 _ " F @/G

A :B + C J K 3 3 @@ 1 ., / @@

(78)

/F

7

A B & 2 " 1 ! 1 % G @ &2+: :@ @GG

A GB - ! 3 $ I-31 G @ @G@

A /B - 2--- & 0 % 0 @ F @/

A FB I I #" JN " " $ ' ! % " # K 0 2 _ "

3" : @ @@

. +

A @B I - J-) ! $ # # " !% ! " D K 3 120 @FG

! . 1 % F @FG

A B " D J&" %$ ! ' +- [ K 3 3 @@/ * ( G@ @@/

A B 1 $ J3 " # $ ' ! K 0 2 _ " 3"

:/ F @FG

A B " JN ) " %+ 120 K 3 -3 @@G # @@G

A B 1 I J. # # -4 9 8 *K 3 3 3 N # . FG

A :B 4 J&- 1 ? " # K * 22 +- [ - 9 % @

&- 1 %

A B 4 4 " J2 " #' 2& 3 ! K

# " <; <2& 3` I "

52 +

A GB 3 1 $6a J * % K 3 @F 2--- & 0 % 0 : GF @F

A /B - J * 6 % ! " 5 # % #< " K 3 @F

2--- & 0 % 0 : / @F

A FB ( - ' 2 ! & " " & 2& %-33%/G% / @/G

A @B 8 C $ JN # ! " / * - " ( K 3 3 @@ 1

84 G @@

A B C I &" J % #' ( ! " - " ( K 3 -3 @@F

" G @@F

A B * 2 "( ( J/ * #K 3 3 " # . @G

(79)

/@

A B I J " #" ' ! : * " #" K 3 I #" - #'

[ ( * :: @/

A B I J2 ! " 2& K 2--- & 0 0 % 0

@ : @/

A :B 4 9 D J& " " ' K 2--- & 0 0 % 0 @F

A B b J ! " 6 ! 5 %1 4K 3 -3 3 9 //

A GB C J # ! " * 6 ! 5 %1 4K 3 -3 : 1 D

@ :

A /B 1 [ # 2--- & 0 0 % 0 F @/

A FB 3 ) 2--- & 0 0 % : 0 @//

A @B N I " ( ! 3 S @/@

A: B * * 2--- & 0 0 % 0 @: @/

A: B I I #" J4 $ K 0 2 _ " G @@ @/@

A: B 8 , !! J& ! $ $ K 3 3 @F/ C " # .

G @F/

A: B I - J-) " " F * & % 2K 3 -3 @@ 4 8 '

: F @@

A::B C " & # JI $ ! "' # #K C ! # @@F

A: B I - J4 # ) 2K 3 -3 @@: 1 84

G @@:

A:GB JI #" $ #' $ ! " D 2K 3 -3 C

@

A:/B I I #" J9 2 " ' ? " 8 * # K 3 -3 @@ 4 8 '

:/ @@

A:FB " J " ' " . " # D + # ( ! ( 2K

3" + " 2 !c , "' . ( d D D 8 ' #

A:@B J+ # ! " 8 *%" $ ! 2K 3 -3

3 9 F

(80)

F

A B 4 J1 ( ! " %+ 120 ! % % K 3 -3 @@F

" : @@F

A B C D J1 + ( " %+ 120 K 3 120 8' #6 ,

A B " 1 J&" $ ! '7 -4 9 " !! 1 $ 'K ( !

0 3 :

5

A B 1 # JI #"% #'% ( # K ( ! 0 3

F/

A :B & # 0 ( / F @G

A B & 2 " J+ ( ! " <9-1 ! $ ) K

0 2 _ " 0 2 @ @F/

A GB N " $ 2--- & 0 0 % : G @//

A /B " 3 32- @

A FB 1 # J3"' " # ! - 1 #" K 3 -3 : 1 D G :

A @B 8 I I !! J- 1 # ! ) # )% ' ! '7 I- - K 3 -3 : 1

D :@/ :

- ' ' "

I %+ 8 d! %+ 120 &.%+ 8 , !! !! 1 $

! ( # ' ! ! # "

I - ! ! ' # "

Riferimenti

Documenti correlati

•  Nel 1981 il CERN decide di costruire il più grande acceleratore del mondo: il LEP, Collisore elettrone-positrone di 27 km di circonferenza Gli elettroni, al contrario dei

• There is need of accurate new data on neutron cross-section both for astrophysics and advanced nuclear technology. • Since 2001, n_TOF@CERN has provided an

• CERN Accelerator School, Second General Accelerator Physics Course, CERN Report 87-10, 1987E. • CERN Accelerator School, Fourth General Accelerator Physics Course, CERN Report

Particles are accelerated in the gaps, and &#34;hide&#34; inside the drift tubes when the electric field reverses.. If a particle was in the gap when the polarity was reversed it

Because of the details of the collision process the antiprotons coming off the target will have a very large spread in energy.. This large spread in energy of the pbars will

The Recycler is a fixed-energy storage ring placed in the Main Injector tunnel directly above the Main Injector beamline, near the ceiling.. The purpose of the Recycler is to

The cryogenic system consists of a: Central Helium Liquifier which consists of four 4000 hp helium compressors (flow rate of 539 g/sec at 175 psi) two 40 ft tall cold boxes. helium

Because of the details of the collision process the antiprotons coming off the target will have a very large spread in energy.. This large spread in energy of the pbars will