A
Acute respiratory failure
associated with tuberculosis, 91-93, 103 associated with viral infections, 57-62 African trypanosomiasis, 145-162
central nervous system (CNS) disease, 148 clinical presentation of, 149-150
diagnosis of, 150-151
diminazene, for treatment of, 153, 158 elfornitrine, for treatment of, 156, 158 epidemiology of, 146
future therapies for, 157 immunology of, 148
melarsoprol, for treatment of, 154-156, 158 morphology of, 146
nifurtimox, for treatment of, 156-158 pathogenesis of, 147-148
pentamidine, for treatment of, 153, 158 suramin, for treatment of, 152-153, 158 treatment of, 152-159
vector of, 147
vector control and social programs for, 159 Amoebiasis, 167-171
amoebic liver abscess, 168 acute amoebic colitis, 168
complications of amoebic colitis, 168 detection of amoebae, 170
diagnosis of, 169-170 extraintestinal amoebiasis, 168 geographical distribution of, 167
non-specific laboratory findings in, 169-170 pathogenesis and clinical presentation of, 167 serological tests for, 170
transmission cycle of, 167 treatment of, 170-171
Artmesinins, for treatment of malaria, 6-7, 23 Aspergillosis, 186-187
B
Blastomycosis, 204-211
clinical manifestations of, 206-208 diagnosis of, 208-210
epidemiology of, 204-205 pathogenesis of, 205-206 treatment of, 210-211
C
Candidiasis, 184-186 clinical features of, 185-186
treatment of systemic candidiasis, 186 Coccidioidomycosis, 189, 211-221
clinical manifestations of, 213-216 diagnosis of, 216-218
epidemiology of, 211-212 pathogenesis of, 212-213 treatment of, 218-221 Cryptococcal infection, 182-184
central nervous system infection, 182-183 clinical presentation of, 182-183
other organs, 183
pulmonary cryptococcosis, 183 treatment of, 183-184
Cytomegaloviras (CMV), 46-47, 67, 68, 73
F
Fungal infections, 181-193, 195-226 aspergillosis, 186-187
blastomycosis, 204-211 candidiasis, 184-186
cryptococcal infection, 182-184 coccidiodomycosis, 189, 211-221 histoplasmosis, 187-189, 196-204 Penicillium marneffei, 190
H
Hantavirus, 61
Hemorrhagic fever viruses, 39-41, 63-65, 70-71 Hepatitis, 44-45, 68
Herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis, 46, 59, 65-67 Histoplasmosis, 187-189, 196-204
acute pneumonitis due to, 187-188 chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, 188 clinical manifestations of, 198 diagnosis of, 200-203
disseminated histoplasmosis, 188-189 epidemiology of, 196-197
histoplasmosis and AIDS, 189 histoplasmosis and the ICU, 189 pathogenesis of, 197-198
progressive disseminated histoplasmosis, 198-200 the pathogen, 196-197
treatment of, 203-204
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 117-125, 127-144 advance directives in, 122
AIDS-associated malignancies, 132 burns and, 120
central nervous system infections in association with, 136-137 CD4 T-lymphocytes in, 121-122
Guillain-Barre syndrome and, 120 gynaecological conditions and, 120 HIV-associated drug toxicities in, 131-132 HIV-associated organ damage, 131
highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for, 120-121 implications for critical care, 117-118
mycobacterial infections, in association with, 134-135 occupational exposure to HIV infection, 122-123
opportunistic infections in the ICU, in association with, 132-137 outcome in, 119
other pneumonias, in association with, 135-136 Pneumocystis pneumonia in, 133-134, 139
predictors of ICU outcomes in HIV-infected patients, 137-138, 140 reasons for ICU admission in HIV-infected patients, 129-137 surgical patients and, 119-120
I
Influenza virus, 41-42, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 72, 73
M
Malaria, 1-16, 17-37 acidosis in, 10
adjunctive therapy for, 26 anaemia in, 7-8, 32 artmesinins for, 6-7, 23 bleeding disorders in, 32 cerebral malaria, 8, 30
clinical manifestations of, 2-3, 20
complications of malaria and their management, 7-13 diagnosis of, 3-4, 21-22
definition of severe malaria, 18
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in, 9-10 epidemiology of malaria in US travelers, 18
exchange transfusion for, 12-13, 26-27 fever in, 31-32
fluid, electrolyte and acid base disturbances in, 28-29 haemaglobinuria and Blackwater fever in, 10, 32-33 hepatic dysfunction in, 9-10
HIV and severe malaria, 12 hypoglycaemia in, 11, 31 hypotension/shock in, 29 indicators of severe malaria, 3 laboratory diagnosis of, 3-4
management of severe malaria and its complications, 27-33 non-falciparum malaria, 11
other drugs for, 7, 25
pathogenesis of severe malaria, 2, 18-19 predictors of mortality in, 13
pregnancy and, 11 prognosis of, 33
pulmonary edema in, 9, 29-30 quinidine gluconate for, 6, 23-25
quinine for, 5-6, 22-25 renal failure in, 8-9, 30 respiratory failure in, 9 secondary infection in, 10 seizures in, 30-31 shock in, 11
treatment of severe malaria, 4-7, 22-26 Measles, 45-46
Meningitis
associated with tuberculosis, 94-95, 106 viral meningitis and encephalitis, 65
P
Parasitic infections, 163-179 amoebiasis, 167-171
pulmonary eosinophilic syndromes, 175-176 schistosomiasis, 171-175
strongyloidiasis, 163-166 Penicillum marneffei, 190 Pericarditis
associated with tuberculosis, 93-94, 106 Pulmonary eosinophilic syndromes, 175-176
tropical eosinophilia,, 175-176 loffler’s syndrome, 175-176
Q
Quinidine, for treatment of malaria, 6, 23-25 Quinine, for treatment of malaria, 5-6, 23-25
R
Respiratory syncitial virus, 42-43, 57, 58, 59, 60
S
Schistosomiasis, 171-175 clinical features of, 172-173 diagnosis of, 173-174 geographic distribution of, 171 life cycle of, 172
parasitological diagnosis of, 173 radiological diagnosis of, 174 serological diagnosis of, 174 stage of invasion of, 172 stage of maturation of, 172-173 treatment of, 174-175
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 47-52, 60 clinical definition of, 49
clinical features of, 49 diagnosis of, 48 infection control for, 51 mortality of, 50 organism causing, 48
treatment of, 49-50 Smallpox, 69-70 Strongyloidiasis, 163-166
clinical features of severe, complicated infection, 165 diagnosis of, 165-166
geographic distribution of, 163 life cycle of, 163-164
pathogenesis and clinical presentation of, 164 severe, complicated strongylodiasis, 164-165 treatment of, 166
T
Trypanosomiasis, 145-162 see also African trypanosomiasis Tuberculosis, 89-99, 101-116
advances in diagnosis of, 107-108 acute respiratory failure in, 91-93, 103 adrenocortical insufficiency in, 95, 104
controlling TB transmission in the ICU, 109-110
critical illness in association with tuberculosis, 91-96, 102 drug toxicity in, 95-96
epidemiology of, 101-102
forms of tuberculosis pertinent to the intensivist, 102-103 future of tuberculosis treatment and prevention, 96, 111-112 massive hemoptysis due to, 104-105
meningitis in, 94-95
other presentations of, 105-106 pericarditis in, 93-94
resurgence of tuberculosis, 90-91 respiratory failure in, 91-93, 103 septic shock in, 103-104
treatment and management advice for, 108-109
V
Varicella virus, 43,-44 Viral infections, 39-56, 57-87
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to, 61 acute respiratory failure due to, 57-62
bioterrorism agents, 69-71 cytomegalovirus (CMV), 46-47 dengue fever, 62-63
fulminant hepatitis due to, 68 Guillain-Barre syndrome, 61-62 Hantaviruses, 61
hepatitis, 44-45, 68 hepatitis viruses, 68
Herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis, 46 Herpes viruses, 67, 73
influenza, 41-42 measles, 45-46 pancreatitis due to, 68
respiratory syncitial virus, 42-43
rhabdomyolysis due to, 68
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 47-51, 60 shock due to, 62-65
smallpox, 69-70
special or immunosupressed hosts and, 71-74 varicella pneumonia, 43-44
viral hemorrhagic fevers, 39-41, 63-65, 70-71 viral meningitis and encephalitis, 46, 65-67 West Nile virus, 65, 66
W
West Nile virus, 65, 66
