Study of Z Boson Production in PbPb Collisions at
p
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
s
NN¼ 2:76 TeV
S. Chatrchyan et al.* (CMS Collaboration)
(Received 1 March 2011; published 24 May 2011)
A search for Z bosons in the þdecay channel has been performed in PbPb collisions atpffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffisNN¼
2:76 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, in a 7:2 b1 data sample. The number of opposite-sign
muon pairs observed in the60–120 GeV=c2invariant mass range is 39, corresponding to a yield per unit of rapidity (y) and per minimum bias event of ½33:8 5:5ðstatÞ 4:4ðsystÞ 108, in the jyj < 2:0 range. Rapidity, transverse momentum, and centrality dependencies are also measured. The results agree with next-to-leading order QCD calculations, scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions.
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.212301 PACS numbers: 25.75.Cj, 12.38.Bx, 14.70.Hp
The hot and dense matter produced in heavy-ion colli-sions, often referred to as the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), can be studied in various ways. One approach is to compare measurements made in heavy-ion (AA) collisions to those in proton-proton (pp) and proton- (or deuteron-)nucleus collisions. Another way is to compare in the same AA sample the yields of particles that are modified by the QGP to those of unmodified reference particles. At the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), direct photons play the reference role [1], although their measurement is complicated by copious background from 0 and other decays, and by the existence of a parton fragmentation component which is potentially modified by the medium [2]. At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies, a new and cleaner reference becomes available: the Z boson, decaying into leptons [3,4].
Electroweak boson production is an important bench-mark process at hadron colliders. At 7 TeV center-of-mass energy, measurements in pp collisions at the LHC [5,6] are well described by calculations based on higher-order per-turbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD), using recent parton distribution functions (PDFs). In AA collisions, Z boson production can be affected by various initial-state effects, though predictions indicate that these contributions are rather small [3,7–10]. First, the mix of protons and neutrons in AA collisions (the so-called isospin effect) is estimated to modify the Z yield by less than 3% compared to pp collisions [9]. Second, energy loss and multiple scattering of the initial partons can also alter the Z produc-tion, by about 3% [10]. The PDFs however are modified in nuclei and a depletion (shadowing) is expected for Z bosons at the LHC, modifying their yield by as much as
20% [9]. Precise measurements of Z production in heavy-ion collisheavy-ions can therefore help to constrain nuclear PDFs. Once produced, Z bosons decay within the medium, with a lifetime of 0:1 fm=c. Their leptonic decays are of particular interest since leptons lose negligible energy in the produced medium regardless of its nature (partonic or hadronic) and properties [4]. Dileptons from Z bosons can thus serve as a reference to the processes expected to be heavily modified in the QGP, such as quarkonia produc-tion, or the production of an opposite-side jet in Z þ jet processes [3,11]. The Z bosons are therefore ideally suited to serve as a standard candle of the initial state in PbPb collisions at the LHC energies.
During the first PbPb LHC run at the end of 2010, at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffisNN ¼ 2:76 TeV, Z bosons were observed by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. The measurement reported in this Letter is performed with a 55 106 minimum bias (MB) event sample, corresponding to an integrated lumi-nosity of7:2 b1.
A detailed description of the CMS detector can be found in [12]. Its central feature is a superconducting solenoid of 6 m internal diameter, providing a magnetic field of 3.8 T. Within the field volume are the silicon pixel and strip tracker, the crystal electromagnetic calorimeter, and the brass or scintillator hadron calorimeter. Muons are mea-sured in gas-ionization detectors embedded in the steel return yoke. In addition, CMS has extensive forward calo-rimetry, in particular, two steel or quartz-fiber Cˇ erenkov, hadron forward (HF) calorimeters, which cover the pseu-dorapidity range2:9 < jj < 5:2.
In this analysis, Z bosons are measured through their dimuon decays. The silicon pixel and strip tracker mea-sures charged particle trajectories in the rangejj < 2:5. It consists of 66 M pixel and 10 M strip detector channels. It provides a distance-to-vertex resolution of15 m in the transverse plane. Muons are detected in the jj < 2:4 range, with detection planes based on three technologies: drift tubes, cathode strip chambers, and resistive plate chambers. A matching of the muons to the tracks measured
*Full author list given at the end of the article.
Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distri-bution of this work must maintain attridistri-bution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.
in the silicon tracker results in a pTresolution between 1% and 2%, for pT values up to100 GeV=c.
The centrality of AA collisions, i.e., the geometrical overlap of the incoming nuclei, is related to the energy released in the collisions. In CMS, centrality is defined as percentiles of the distribution of the energy deposited in the HFs [13,14]. The centrality classes used in this analysis are 30%–100%, 10%–30%, and 0%–10% (most central), or-dered from the lowest to the highest HF energy deposit.
Events are preselected if they contain a reconstructed primary vertex made of at least two tracks, and an offline coincidence of both of the HFs with a total deposited energy of at least 9 GeV. These criteria reduce contribu-tions from single-beam interaccontribu-tions with the environment (e.g., beam-gas and beam halo collisions with the beam pipe), ultraperipheral electromagnetic collisions, and cosmic-ray muons. The acceptance of this selection is (97 3)% of the hadronic inelastic cross section [13].
The events are also selected by the two-level trigger of CMS. At the first hardware level, two muon candidates in the muon detectors are required. At the software-based higher level, two reconstructed tracks in the muon detec-tors are required, each with a pT of at least3 GeV=c. In order to study the dimuon trigger efficiency, events are also collected with a single-muon trigger, requiring pT > 20 GeV=c. For Z bosons, the trigger efficiency is estimated to be’ 94%.
Muon offline reconstruction is seeded with’ 99% effi-ciency by tracks in the muon detectors, called stand-alone muons. These tracks are then matched to tracks recon-structed in the silicon tracker by means of an algorithm optimized for the heavy-ion environment [14,15]. For a muon from Z decays the tracking efficiency is ’ 85%, less than in the pp case, as the track reconstruction requires more pixel hits to lower the number of combinations, due to the high multiplicity. Global fits of the muon and tracker tracks, called global muons, are used to obtain the results presented in this Letter.
Background muons from cosmic rays and heavy-quark semileptonic decays are rejected by requiring a transverse (longitudinal) impact parameter of less than 0.3 (1.5) mm from the measured vertex. Loose criteria applied on the reconstructed muons result in the dimuon mass spectrum shown in Fig.1. No muon isolation criteria are applied, as they are expected to have reduced efficiency in the high particle density of the PbPb environment. The fraction of Z decays removed by the applied selection criteria is esti-mated to be’ 2:6%. A conservative upper limit of 4% for the residual background is estimated by extrapolations of various shapes from the low mass region, and no correction is applied. Thirty-nine Z candidates are observed in the mass interval 60–120 GeV=c2. Their distribution is con-sistent with the one from pp data at 7 TeV [6], scaled down to 39 counts and limited to the60–120 GeV=c2mass range as displayed by the histogram in Fig.1.
Muon trigger, reconstruction, and selection efficiencies, as well as acceptance, are estimated using thePYTHIA6.424 simulation [16] with CTEQ6L PDFs [17] and fullGEANT4 [18] detector simulation. To take into account the effect of the higher PbPb underlying-event activity, simulated Z decays are embedded in measured PbPb events at the level of detector hits and with generated vertices matched to the measured ones. These events were processed through the trigger emulation and event reconstruction chain. Track characteristics, such as the number of hits and the 2 of the track fit, have similar distributions in data and simula-tion. The detector acceptance , defined as the fraction of Z bosons produced at rapidity jyj < 2:0 that decay into muons withjj < 2:4 and pT> 10 GeV=c, is estimated to be 78%. Within this acceptance, the overall trigger, recon-struction, and identification efficiency " averages to 67%, and varies by less than 10% as a function of centrality.
The individual components of this efficiency are also estimated with a data-driven technique, called tag-and-probe, similar to the one used for the corresponding pp measurement [6]. It consists in counting the Z candidates with and without applying the probed selection on one of the muons: (1) the stand-alone muon reconstruction effi-ciency is probed with tracker tracks; (2) the silicon tracker reconstruction efficiency is probed with stand-alone muons; (3) the trigger efficiency is probed by testing the trigger response to global muons from a sample triggered by a single-muon requirement. The last is also checked with high-quality reconstructed muons from MB events. In all cases, these data-driven efficiencies agree with those derived from simulation within the statistical uncertainties. The total systematic uncertainty on the Z yield is esti-mated to be 13% by summing in quadrature the following contributions. The largest one is associated with the tracking efficiency and taken as the 9.8% precision of the above-mentioned data-driven efficiency determination. Similarly, the uncertainty associated with the dimuon
)
2
Dimuon mass (GeV/c
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 ) 2 Events/(2 GeV/c 0 5 10 15 Opposite-sign Same-sign -1 CMS pp 7 TeV 2.9 pb = 2.76 TeV NN s CMS PbPb -1 b µ Ldt = 7.2
∫
< 2.4 µ η > 10 GeV/c, µ T p ) 2Dimuon mass (GeV/c
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 ) 2 Events/(2 GeV/c 0 5 10 15
FIG. 1 (color online). Dimuon invariant mass spectra. Full squares are opposite-sign dimuons, while the empty circle shows a unique like-sign dimuon candidate. The histogram shows the corresponding distribution measured in pp collisions at 7 TeV within60–120 GeV=c2, scaled to the 39 PbPb candidates.
trigger is 4.5%. The 4% maximum contribution from un-subtracted background is taken as a systematic uncertainty. The uncertainty associated with the muon-pair selection is considered to be equal to the 2.6% loss of events. The MB trigger efficiency is known at the 3% level. The uncertainty coming from the acceptance correction is estimated to be less than 3%, by varying the underlying generated kinematics (y, pT) beyond reasonable modifications. Other systematic uncertainties are estimated to sum to less than 1.5%.
The yield of Z ! þdecays per MB event is defined as dN=dyðjyj < 2:0Þ ¼ NZ=ð"NMByÞ, where NZ¼ 39 is the number of dimuons counted in the mass window of 60–120 GeV=c2, N
MB¼ 55 106is the number of corre-sponding MB events, corrected for trigger efficiency, and " are the acceptance and overall efficiency, and y ¼ 4:0 is the rapidity bin width. We find dN=dyðjyj < 2:0Þ ¼ ð33:8 5:5 4:4Þ 108, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The analysis de-scribed above is repeated after subdividing the data into three bins for each of the following variables: event cen-trality and Z boson y and pT. The total systematic uncer-tainty does not vary significantly with these variables and is considered to be constant and dominantly uncorrelated.
In the absence of in-medium modifications, the yield of perturbative processes such as the Z boson production is supposed to scale with the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon binary collisions [19]. In order to compare the PbPb measured yields to available pp cross-section calcu-lations, a scaling factor TAB is necessary. This nuclear overlap function is equal to the number of elementary nucleon-nucleon binary collisions divided by the elemen-tary NN cross section, and can be interpreted as the NN equivalent integrated luminosity per AA collision, at a given centrality. In units ofmb1, the average TABamounts to1:45 0:18, 11:6 0:7, and 23:2 1:0, for the central-ity ranges 30%–100%, 10%–30%, and 0%–10%, respec-tively, and5:66 0:35 for MB events. These numbers are computed with a Glauber model calculation [19], using the same parameters as in [13]. The quoted uncertainties are derived by varying within uncertainties the Glauber pa-rameters and the MB trigger and selection efficiency.
The full circles in Fig.2(a)show the centrality depen-dence of the Z yield divided by TAB, while the open square is for MB events. The variable used on the abscissa is the average number of participating nucleons Npart corre-sponding to the selected centrality intervals, computed in the same Glauber model. No centrality dependence of the binary-scaled Z yields is observed in data. A similar result was recently published by the ATLAS collaboration [20].
The normalized yields ðdN=dyÞ=TAB are compared to various calculations: (1) using the nucleon CT10 and modified nuclear EPS09 PDFs [9,21], (2) using MSTW08 PDFs [22] and modeling incoming-parton en-ergy loss [11], and (3) provided by the POWHEG [23]
part N 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 (pb) AB dN/dy (|y|<2.0) / T 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 POWHEG + PYTHIA 6.4 Paukkunen et al., CT10+isospin Paukkunen et al., idem+EPS09 Neufeld et al., MSTW+isospin Neufeld et al., idem+eloss
a) CMS PbPb 7.2 µb-1 at sNN = 2.76 TeV [30-100]% [10-30]% [0-10]% [0-100]% Rapidity 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 dN/dy 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 CMS POWHEG + PYTHIA 6.4 Paukkunen et al., CT10+isospin Paukkunen et al., idem+EPS09 Neufeld et al., MSTW+isospin Neufeld et al., idem+eloss
b) CMS PbPb 7.2 µb-1 at sNN = 2.76 TeV -8
x10
Transverse momentum (GeV/c)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 -1 (GeV/c) T N/dydp 2 d 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 CMS, |y|<2.0 POWHEG + PYTHIA 6.4 c) CMS PbPb 7.2 µb-1 at sNN = 2.76 TeV -8 x10
FIG. 2 (color online). The yields of Z ! per event: (a) dN=dy divided by the expected nuclear overlap function TAB and as a function of event centrality parametrized as the
number of participating nucleons Npart, (b) dN=dy versus the Z
boson y, (c) d2N=dydpT versus the Z boson pT. Data points
are located horizontally at average values measured within a given bin. Vertical lines (bands) correspond to statistical (systematic) uncertainties. Theoretical predictions are computed within the same bins as the data, and are described in the text.
generator interfaced with thePYTHIA parton-shower gen-erator and using CTEQ6.6 PDFs [17]. Only a marginal centrality dependence is predicted: the inhomogeneous (i.e., depending on the radial position in nuclei) shadowing is predicted to have negligible impact [7] and the energy-loss prediction drops by 3% from peripheral to central collisions [11].
Figures 2(b) and 2(c) show the differential yields, dN=dy and d2N=dydpT, as a function of the Z boson y and pT. They are compared to the same theoretical calcu-lations as used for the centrality distribution (when avail-able) multiplied by the minimum bias TAB value. In all bins, no significant deviations from binary-collision scal-ing are observed.
Nuclear modification factors, RAA¼ dN=ðTABdppÞ, are computed from the AA measured yields dN, the nuclear overlap function TAB, and the pp ! Z cross sections dpp given by thePOWHEGcalculation (solid lines on Fig.2, e.g., dpp=dy ¼ 59:6 pb in jyj < 2:0). The RAAsystematic un-certainty includes TABuncertainties, but no uncertainty is assigned to the theoretical pp cross section. All RAAvalues are found compatible with unity. They are reported in Table I, together with the number of observed Z bosons and their yield per event.
In conclusion, the Z boson yield in PbPb collisions at ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
sNN
p ¼ 2:76 TeV has been measured inclusively and as a function of rapidity, transverse momentum, and centrality. Within uncertainties, no modification is observed with respect to theoretical next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamics proton-proton cross sections scaled by the number of elementary nucleon-nucleon collisions. This measurement confirms the validity of the Glauber scaling for perturbative cross sections in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC and establishes the
feasibility of carrying out detailed Z physics studies in heavy-ion collisions with the CMS detector. With upcom-ing PbPb collisions at higher luminosity, the Z boson promises to be a powerful reference tool for final-state heavy-ion related signatures as well as providing a means to study the modifications of the parton distribution functions.
We thank Bryon Neufeld, Hannu Paukkunen, Carlos Salgado, Ivan Vitev, and Ramona Vogt for fruitful theoreti-cal inputs on the nuclear effects involved in Z production. We wish to congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC machine in 2010. We thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS institutes, and acknowledge support from FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania);
CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI
(Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).
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TABLE I. For eachjyj, pT, and centrality interval, number of
Z bosons NZ, associated yield per event dN=dy, and nuclear
modification factor RAA derived by using aPOWHEG pp
refer-ence. The quantity d2N=dydpTis given in units ofðGeV=cÞ1.
The first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
jyj NZ dN=dy (108) RAA [0, 2.0] 39 33:8 5:5 4:4 1:00 0:16 0:14 [0, 0.5] 13 38:1 10:7 5:0 1:03 0:29 0:15 [0.5, 1.0] 12 35:6 10:4 4:6 0:98 0:29 0:14 [1.0, 2.0] 14 30:0 8:1 3:9 0:97 0:26 0:14 pTðGeV=cÞ NZ d2N=dydpT (108) RAA [0, 6] 11 1:65 0:50 0:22 0:84 0:26 0:12 [6, 12] 15 2:05 0:54 0:27 1:32 0:34 0:19 [12, 36] 12 0:44 0:13 0:06 1:06 0:31 0:15 Centrality NZ dN=dy (108) RAA [30, 100]% 7 7:9 3:0 1:0 0:92 0:35 0:16 [10, 30]% 14 59:5 16:0 7:7 0:86 0:23 0:12 [0, 10]% 18 165 40 22 1:20 0:29 0:16
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S. Chatrchyan,1V. Khachatryan,1A. M. Sirunyan,1A. Tumasyan,1W. Adam,2T. Bergauer,2M. Dragicevic,2J. Ero¨,2 C. Fabjan,2M. Friedl,2R. Fru¨hwirth,2V. M. Ghete,2J. Hammer,2,bS. Ha¨nsel,2C. Hartl,2M. Hoch,2N. Ho¨rmann,2
J. Hrubec,2M. Jeitler,2G. Kasieczka,2W. Kiesenhofer,2M. Krammer,2D. Liko,2I. Mikulec,2M. Pernicka,2 H. Rohringer,2R. Scho¨fbeck,2J. Strauss,2F. Teischinger,2P. Wagner,2W. Waltenberger,2G. Walzel,2E. Widl,2 C.-E. Wulz,2V. Mossolov,3N. Shumeiko,3J. Suarez Gonzalez,3L. Benucci,4E. A. De Wolf,4X. Janssen,4T. Maes,4
L. Mucibello,4S. Ochesanu,4B. Roland,4R. Rougny,4M. Selvaggi,4H. Van Haevermaet,4P. Van Mechelen,4 N. Van Remortel,4F. Blekman,5S. Blyweert,5J. D’Hondt,5O. Devroede,5R. Gonzalez Suarez,5A. Kalogeropoulos,5 J. Maes,5M. Maes,5W. Van Doninck,5P. Van Mulders,5G. P. Van Onsem,5I. Villella,5O. Charaf,6B. Clerbaux,6 G. De Lentdecker,6V. Dero,6A. P. R. Gay,6G. H. Hammad,6T. Hreus,6P. E. Marage,6L. Thomas,6C. Vander Velde,6
P. Vanlaer,6J. Wickens,6V. Adler,7S. Costantini,7M. Grunewald,7B. Klein,7A. Marinov,7J. Mccartin,7 D. Ryckbosch,7F. Thyssen,7M. Tytgat,7L. Vanelderen,7P. Verwilligen,7S. Walsh,7N. Zaganidis,7S. Basegmez,8 G. Bruno,8J. Caudron,8L. Ceard,8E. Cortina Gil,8C. Delaere,8D. Favart,8A. Giammanco,8G. Gre´goire,8J. Hollar,8
V. Lemaitre,8J. Liao,8O. Militaru,8S. Ovyn,8D. Pagano,8A. Pin,8K. Piotrzkowski,8N. Schul,8N. Beliy,9 T. Caebergs,9E. Daubie,9G. A. Alves,10D. De Jesus Damiao,10M. E. Pol,10M. H. G. Souza,10W. Carvalho,11
E. M. Da Costa,11C. De Oliveira Martins,11S. Fonseca De Souza,11L. Mundim,11H. Nogima,11V. Oguri,11 W. L. Prado Da Silva,11A. Santoro,11S. M. Silva Do Amaral,11A. Sznajder,11F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo,11 F. A. Dias,12T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei,12E. M. Gregores,12,cC. Lagana,12F. Marinho,12P. G. Mercadante,12,c
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S. Choudhury,29M. Dejardin,29D. Denegri,29B. Fabbro,29J. L. Faure,29F. Ferri,29S. Ganjour,29F. X. Gentit,29 A. Givernaud,29P. Gras,29G. Hamel de Monchenault,29P. Jarry,29E. Locci,29J. Malcles,29M. Marionneau,29 L. Millischer,29J. Rander,29A. Rosowsky,29I. Shreyber,29M. Titov,29P. Verrecchia,29S. Baffioni,30F. Beaudette,30
L. Benhabib,30L. Bianchini,30M. Bluj,30,gC. Broutin,30P. Busson,30C. Charlot,30T. Dahms,30L. Dobrzynski,30 S. Elgammal,30R. Granier de Cassagnac,30M. Haguenauer,30P. Mine´,30C. Mironov,30C. Ochando,30P. Paganini,30
D. Sabes,30R. Salerno,30Y. Sirois,30C. Thiebaux,30B. Wyslouch,30,hA. Zabi,30J.-L. Agram,31,iJ. Andrea,31 D. Bloch,31D. Bodin,31J.-M. Brom,31M. Cardaci,31E. C. Chabert,31C. Collard,31E. Conte,31,iF. Drouhin,31,i C. Ferro,31J.-C. Fontaine,31,iD. Gele´,31U. Goerlach,31S. Greder,31P. Juillot,31M. Karim,31,iA.-C. Le Bihan,31 Y. Mikami,31P. Van Hove,31F. Fassi,32D. Mercier,32C. Baty,33S. Beauceron,33N. Beaupere,33M. Bedjidian,33 O. Bondu,33G. Boudoul,33D. Boumediene,33H. Brun,33N. Chanon,33R. Chierici,33D. Contardo,33P. Depasse,33
H. El Mamouni,33A. Falkiewicz,33J. Fay,33S. Gascon,33B. Ille,33T. Kurca,33T. Le Grand,33M. Lethuillier,33 L. Mirabito,33S. Perries,33V. Sordini,33S. Tosi,33Y. Tschudi,33P. Verdier,33V. Roinishvili,34D. Lomidze,35 G. Anagnostou,36M. Edelhoff,36L. Feld,36N. Heracleous,36O. Hindrichs,36R. Jussen,36K. Klein,36J. Merz,36
M. Weber,36B. Wittmer,36M. Ata,37W. Bender,37M. Erdmann,37J. Frangenheim,37T. Hebbeker,37A. Hinzmann,37 K. Hoepfner,37C. Hof,37T. Klimkovich,37D. Klingebiel,37P. Kreuzer,37D. Lanske,37,aC. Magass,37G. Masetti,37
M. Merschmeyer,37A. Meyer,37P. Papacz,37H. Pieta,37H. Reithler,37S. A. Schmitz,37L. Sonnenschein,37 J. Steggemann,37D. Teyssier,37M. Tonutti,37M. Bontenackels,38M. Davids,38M. Duda,38G. Flu¨gge,38 H. Geenen,38M. Giffels,38W. Haj Ahmad,38D. Heydhausen,38T. Kress,38Y. Kuessel,38A. Linn,38A. Nowack,38 L. Perchalla,38O. Pooth,38J. Rennefeld,38P. Sauerland,38A. Stahl,38M. Thomas,38D. Tornier,38M. H. Zoeller,38 M. Aldaya Martin,39W. Behrenhoff,39U. Behrens,39M. Bergholz,39,jK. Borras,39A. Cakir,39A. Campbell,39 E. Castro,39D. Dammann,39G. Eckerlin,39D. Eckstein,39A. Flossdorf,39G. Flucke,39A. Geiser,39J. Hauk,39 H. Jung,39M. Kasemann,39I. Katkov,39P. Katsas,39C. Kleinwort,39H. Kluge,39A. Knutsson,39M. Kra¨mer,39
D. Kru¨cker,39E. Kuznetsova,39W. Lange,39W. Lohmann,39,jR. Mankel,39M. Marienfeld,39 I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann,39A. B. Meyer,39J. Mnich,39A. Mussgiller,39J. Olzem,39D. Pitzl,39A. Raspereza,39
A. Raval,39M. Rosin,39R. Schmidt,39,jT. Schoerner-Sadenius,39N. Sen,39A. Spiridonov,39M. Stein,39 J. Tomaszewska,39R. Walsh,39C. Wissing,39C. Autermann,40S. Bobrovskyi,40J. Draeger,40H. Enderle,40 U. Gebbert,40K. Kaschube,40G. Kaussen,40J. Lange,40B. Mura,40S. Naumann-Emme,40F. Nowak,40N. Pietsch,40 C. Sander,40H. Schettler,40P. Schleper,40M. Schro¨der,40T. Schum,40J. Schwandt,40H. Stadie,40G. Steinbru¨ck,40
J. Thomsen,40C. Barth,41J. Bauer,41V. Buege,41T. Chwalek,41W. De Boer,41A. Dierlamm,41G. Dirkes,41 M. Feindt,41J. Gruschke,41C. Hackstein,41F. Hartmann,41S. M. Heindl,41M. Heinrich,41H. Held,41 K. H. Hoffmann,41S. Honc,41T. Kuhr,41D. Martschei,41S. Mueller,41Th. Mu¨ller,41M. Niegel,41O. Oberst,41 A. Oehler,41J. Ott,41T. Peiffer,41D. Piparo,41G. Quast,41K. Rabbertz,41F. Ratnikov,41N. Ratnikova,41M. Renz,41
C. Saout,41A. Scheurer,41P. Schieferdecker,41F.-P. Schilling,41M. Schmanau,41G. Schott,41H. J. Simonis,41 F. M. Stober,41D. Troendle,41J. Wagner-Kuhr,41T. Weiler,41M. Zeise,41V. Zhukov,41,kE. B. Ziebarth,41 G. Daskalakis,42T. Geralis,42K. Karafasoulis,42S. Kesisoglou,42A. Kyriakis,42D. Loukas,42I. Manolakos,42 A. Markou,42C. Markou,42C. Mavrommatis,42E. Ntomari,42E. Petrakou,42L. Gouskos,43T. J. Mertzimekis,43
A. Panagiotou,43I. Evangelou,44C. Foudas,44P. Kokkas,44N. Manthos,44I. Papadopoulos,44V. Patras,44 F. A. Triantis,44A. Aranyi,45G. Bencze,45L. Boldizsar,45C. Hajdu,45,bP. Hidas,45D. Horvath,45,lA. Kapusi,45 K. Krajczar,45,mF. Sikler,45G. I. Veres,45,mG. Vesztergombi,45,mN. Beni,46J. Molnar,46J. Palinkas,46Z. Szillasi,46
V. Veszpremi,46P. Raics,47Z. L. Trocsanyi,47B. Ujvari,47S. Bansal,48S. B. Beri,48V. Bhatnagar,48N. Dhingra,48 R. Gupta,48M. Jindal,48M. Kaur,48J. M. Kohli,48M. Z. Mehta,48N. Nishu,48L. K. Saini,48A. Sharma,48 A. P. Singh,48J. B. Singh,48S. P. Singh,48S. Ahuja,49S. Bhattacharya,49B. C. Choudhary,49P. Gupta,49S. Jain,49
S. Jain,49A. Kumar,49K. Ranjan,49R. K. Shivpuri,49R. K. Choudhury,50D. Dutta,50S. Kailas,50V. Kumar,50 A. K. Mohanty,50,bL. M. Pant,50P. Shukla,50T. Aziz,51M. Guchait,51,nA. Gurtu,51M. Maity,51,oD. Majumder,51
G. Majumder,51K. Mazumdar,51G. B. Mohanty,51A. Saha,51K. Sudhakar,51N. Wickramage,51S. Banerjee,52 S. Dugad,52N. K. Mondal,52H. Arfaei,53H. Bakhshiansohi,53S. M. Etesami,53A. Fahim,53M. Hashemi,53
A. Jafari,53M. Khakzad,53A. Mohammadi,53M. Mohammadi Najafabadi,53S. Paktinat Mehdiabadi,53 B. Safarzadeh,53M. Zeinali,53M. Abbrescia,54a,54bL. Barbone,54a,54bC. Calabria,54a,54bA. Colaleo,54a D. Creanza,54a,54cN. De Filippis,54a,54cM. De Palma,54a,54bA. Dimitrov,54aL. Fiore,54aG. Iaselli,54a,54c L. Lusito,54a,54b,bG. Maggi,54a,54cM. Maggi,54aN. Manna,54a,54bB. Marangelli,54a,54bS. My,54a,54cS. Nuzzo,54a,54b
N. Pacifico,54a,54bG. A. Pierro,54aA. Pompili,54a,54bG. Pugliese,54a,54cF. Romano,54a,54cG. Roselli,54a,54b G. Selvaggi,54a,54bL. Silvestris,54aR. Trentadue,54aS. Tupputi,54a,54bG. Zito,54aG. Abbiendi,55aA. C. Benvenuti,55a
D. Bonacorsi,55aS. Braibant-Giacomelli,55a,55bL. Brigliadori,55aP. Capiluppi,55a,55bA. Castro,55a,55b F. R. Cavallo,55aM. Cuffiani,55a,55bG. M. Dallavalle,55aF. Fabbri,55aA. Fanfani,55a,55bD. Fasanella,55a P. Giacomelli,55aM. Giunta,55aS. Marcellini,55aM. Meneghelli,55a,55bA. Montanari,55aF. L. Navarria,55a,55b
F. Odorici,55aA. Perrotta,55aF. Primavera,55aA. M. Rossi,55a,55bT. Rovelli,55a,55bG. Siroli,55a,55b R. Travaglini,55a,55bS. Albergo,56a,56bG. Cappello,56a,56bM. Chiorboli,56a,56b,bS. Costa,56a,56bA. Tricomi,56a,56b C. Tuve,56aG. Barbagli,57aV. Ciulli,57a,57bC. Civinini,57aR. D’Alessandro,57a,57bE. Focardi,57a,57bS. Frosali,57a,57b
E. Gallo,57aS. Gonzi,57a,57bP. Lenzi,57a,57bM. Meschini,57aS. Paoletti,57aG. Sguazzoni,57aA. Tropiano,57a,b L. Benussi,58S. Bianco,58S. Colafranceschi,58,pF. Fabbri,58D. Piccolo,58P. Fabbricatore,59R. Musenich,59 A. Benaglia,60a,60bF. De Guio,60a,60b,bL. Di Matteo,60a,60bA. Ghezzi,60a,60b,bM. Malberti,60a,60bS. Malvezzi,60a
A. Martelli,60a,60bA. Massironi,60a,60bD. Menasce,60aL. Moroni,60aM. Paganoni,60a,60bD. Pedrini,60a S. Ragazzi,60a,60bN. Redaelli,60aS. Sala,60aT. Tabarelli de Fatis,60a,60bV. Tancini,60a,60bS. Buontempo,61a
F. Fabozzi,61a,qA. O. M. Iorio,61aL. Lista,61aM. Merola,61a,61bP. Noli,61a,61bP. Paolucci,61aP. Azzi,62a N. Bacchetta,62aP. Bellan,62a,62bD. Bisello,62a,62bA. Branca,62aR. Carlin,62a,62bP. Checchia,62aM. De Mattia,62a,62b
T. Dorigo,62aU. Dosselli,62aF. Fanzago,62aF. Gasparini,62a,62bU. Gasparini,62a,62bS. Lacaprara,62a,r I. Lazzizzera,62a,62cM. Margoni,62a,62bM. Mazzucato,62aA. T. Meneguzzo,62a,62bM. Nespolo,62aL. Perrozzi,62a,b
N. Pozzobon,62a,62bP. Ronchese,62a,62bF. Simonetto,62a,62bE. Torassa,62aM. Tosi,62a,62bS. Vanini,62a,62b P. Zotto,62a,62bG. Zumerle,62a,62bP. Baesso,63a,63bU. Berzano,63aS. P. Ratti,63a,63bC. Riccardi,63a,63bP. Torre,63a,63b
P. Vitulo,63a,63bC. Viviani,63a,63bM. Biasini,64a,64bG. M. Bilei,64aB. Caponeri,64a,64bL. Fano`,64a,64b P. Lariccia,64a,64bA. Lucaroni,64a,64b,bG. Mantovani,64a,64bM. Menichelli,64aA. Nappi,64a,64bA. Santocchia,64a,64b
S. Taroni,64a,64bM. Valdata,64a,64bR. Volpe,64a,64b,bP. Azzurri,65a,65cG. Bagliesi,65aJ. Bernardini,65a,65b T. Boccali,65a,bG. Broccolo,65a,65cR. Castaldi,65aR. T. D’Agnolo,65a,65cR. Dell’Orso,65aF. Fiori,65a,65bL. Foa`,65a,65c
A. Giassi,65aA. Kraan,65aF. Ligabue,65a,65cT. Lomtadze,65aL. Martini,65a,sA. Messineo,65a,65bF. Palla,65a F. Palmonari,65aG. Segneri,65aA. T. Serban,65aP. Spagnolo,65aR. Tenchini,65aG. Tonelli,65a,65b,bA. Venturi,65a,b P. G. Verdini,65aL. Barone,66a,66bF. Cavallari,66aD. Del Re,66a,66bE. Di Marco,66a,66bM. Diemoz,66aD. Franci,66a,66b
M. Grassi,66aE. Longo,66a,66bS. Nourbakhsh,66aG. Organtini,66a,66bA. Palma,66a,66bF. Pandolfi,66a,66b,b R. Paramatti,66aS. Rahatlou,66a,66bN. Amapane,67a,67bR. Arcidiacono,67a,67cS. Argiro,67a,67bM. Arneodo,67a,67c C. Biino,67aC. Botta,67a,67b,bN. Cartiglia,67aR. Castello,67a,67bM. Costa,67a,67bN. Demaria,67aA. Graziano,67a,67b,b C. Mariotti,67aM. Marone,67a,67bS. Maselli,67aE. Migliore,67a,67bG. Mila,67a,67bV. Monaco,67a,67bM. Musich,67a,67b M. M. Obertino,67a,67cN. Pastrone,67aM. Pelliccioni,67a,67b,bA. Romero,67a,67bM. Ruspa,67a,67cR. Sacchi,67a,67b
V. Sola,67a,67bA. Solano,67a,67bA. Staiano,67aD. Trocino,67a,67bA. Vilela Pereira,67a,67b,bS. Belforte,68a F. Cossutti,68aG. Della Ricca,68a,68bB. Gobbo,68aD. Montanino,68a,68bA. Penzo,68aS. G. Heo,69S. K. Nam,69
S. Chang,70J. Chung,70D. H. Kim,70G. N. Kim,70J. E. Kim,70D. J. Kong,70H. Park,70S. R. Ro,70D. Son,70 D. C. Son,70Zero Kim,71J. Y. Kim,71S. Song,71S. Choi,72B. Hong,72M. S. Jeong,72M. Jo,72H. Kim,72J. H. Kim,72
T. J. Kim,72K. S. Lee,72D. H. Moon,72S. K. Park,72H. B. Rhee,72E. Seo,72S. Shin,72K. S. Sim,72M. Choi,73 S. Kang,73H. Kim,73C. Park,73I. C. Park,73S. Park,73G. Ryu,73Y. Choi,74Y. K. Choi,74J. Goh,74M. S. Kim,74 J. Lee,74S. Lee,74H. Seo,74I. Yu,74M. J. Bilinskas,75I. Grigelionis,75M. Janulis,75D. Martisiute,75P. Petrov,75 T. Sabonis,75H. Castilla-Valdez,76E. De La Cruz-Burelo,76R. Lopez-Fernandez,76A. Sa´nchez-Herna´ndez,76
L. M. Villasenor-Cendejas,76S. Carrillo Moreno,77F. Vazquez Valencia,77H. A. Salazar Ibarguen,78 E. Casimiro Linares,79A. Morelos Pineda,79M. A. Reyes-Santos,79D. Krofcheck,80P. H. Butler,81R. Doesburg,81 H. Silverwood,81M. Ahmad,82I. Ahmed,82M. I. Asghar,82H. R. Hoorani,82W. A. Khan,82T. Khurshid,82S. Qazi,82
M. Cwiok,83W. Dominik,83K. Doroba,83A. Kalinowski,83M. Konecki,83J. Krolikowski,83T. Frueboes,84 R. Gokieli,84M. Go´rski,84M. Kazana,84K. Nawrocki,84K. Romanowska-Rybinska,84M. Szleper,84G. Wrochna,84
P. Zalewski,84N. Almeida,85P. Bargassa,85A. David,85P. Faccioli,85P. G. Ferreira Parracho,85M. Gallinaro,85 P. Musella,85A. Nayak,85J. Seixas,85J. Varela,85S. Afanasiev,86I. Belotelov,86P. Bunin,86I. Golutvin,86 A. Kamenev,86V. Karjavin,86G. Kozlov,86A. Lanev,86P. Moisenz,86V. Palichik,86V. Perelygin,86S. Shmatov,86
V. Smirnov,86A. Volodko,86A. Zarubin,86V. Golovtsov,87Y. Ivanov,87V. Kim,87P. Levchenko,87V. Murzin,87 V. Oreshkin,87I. Smirnov,87V. Sulimov,87L. Uvarov,87S. Vavilov,87A. Vorobyev,87A. Vorobyev,87Yu. Andreev,88
A. Dermenev,88S. Gninenko,88N. Golubev,88M. Kirsanov,88N. Krasnikov,88V. Matveev,88A. Pashenkov,88 A. Toropin,88S. Troitsky,88V. Epshteyn,89V. Gavrilov,89V. Kaftanov,89,aM. Kossov,89,bA. Krokhotin,89 N. Lychkovskaya,89V. Popov,89G. Safronov,89S. Semenov,89V. Stolin,89E. Vlasov,89A. Zhokin,89E. Boos,90
A. Demiyanov,90A. Ershov,90A. Gribushin,90O. Kodolova,90I. Lokhtin,90S. Obraztsov,90S. Petrushanko,90 L. Sarycheva,90V. Savrin,90A. Snigirev,90I. Vardanyan,90V. Andreev,91M. Azarkin,91I. Dremin,91 M. Kirakosyan,91A. Leonidov,91S. V. Rusakov,91A. Vinogradov,91I. Azhgirey,92S. Bitioukov,92V. Grishin,92,b
V. Kachanov,92D. Konstantinov,92A. Korablev,92V. Krychkine,92V. Petrov,92R. Ryutin,92S. Slabospitsky,92 A. Sobol,92L. Tourtchanovitch,92S. Troshin,92N. Tyurin,92A. Uzunian,92A. Volkov,92P. Adzic,93,tM. Djordjevic,93
D. Krpic,93,tJ. Milosevic,93M. Aguilar-Benitez,94J. Alcaraz Maestre,94P. Arce,94C. Battilana,94E. Calvo,94 M. Cepeda,94M. Cerrada,94N. Colino,94B. De La Cruz,94A. Delgado Peris,94C. Diez Pardos,94
D. Domı´nguez Va´zquez,94C. Fernandez Bedoya,94J. P. Ferna´ndez Ramos,94A. Ferrando,94J. Flix,94M. C. Fouz,94 P. Garcia-Abia,94O. Gonzalez Lopez,94S. Goy Lopez,94J. M. Hernandez,94M. I. Josa,94G. Merino,94 J. Puerta Pelayo,94I. Redondo,94L. Romero,94J. Santaolalla,94C. Willmott,94C. Albajar,95G. Codispoti,95
J. F. de Troco´niz,95J. Cuevas,96J. Fernandez Menendez,96S. Folgueras,96I. Gonzalez Caballero,96 L. Lloret Iglesias,96J. M. Vizan Garcia,96J. A. Brochero Cifuentes,97I. J. Cabrillo,97A. Calderon,97
M. Chamizo Llatas,97S. H. Chuang,97J. Duarte Campderros,97M. Felcini,97,uM. Fernandez,97G. Gomez,97 J. Gonzalez Sanchez,97C. Jorda,97P. Lobelle Pardo,97A. Lopez Virto,97J. Marco,97R. Marco,97
C. Martinez Rivero,97F. Matorras,97F. J. Munoz Sanchez,97J. Piedra Gomez,97,vT. Rodrigo,97 A. Y. Rodrı´guez-Marrero,97A. Ruiz-Jimeno,97L. Scodellaro,97M. Sobron Sanudo,97I. Vila,97 R. Vilar Cortabitarte,97D. Abbaneo,98E. Auffray,98G. Auzinger,98P. Baillon,98A. H. Ball,98D. Barney,98 A. J. Bell,98,wD. Benedetti,98C. Bernet,98,dW. Bialas,98P. Bloch,98A. Bocci,98S. Bolognesi,98M. Bona,98 H. Breuker,98G. Brona,98K. Bunkowski,98T. Camporesi,98G. Cerminara,98J. A. Coarasa Perez,98B. Cure´,98 D. D’Enterria,98A. De Roeck,98S. Di Guida,98A. Elliott-Peisert,98B. Frisch,98W. Funk,98A. Gaddi,98S. Gennai,98
G. Georgiou,98H. Gerwig,98D. Gigi,98K. Gill,98D. Giordano,98F. Glege,98R. Gomez-Reino Garrido,98 M. Gouzevitch,98P. Govoni,98S. Gowdy,98L. Guiducci,98M. Hansen,98J. Harvey,98J. Hegeman,98B. Hegner,98 H. F. Hoffmann,98A. Honma,98V. Innocente,98P. Janot,98K. Kaadze,98E. Karavakis,98P. Lecoq,98C. Lourenc¸o,98
T. Ma¨ki,98L. Malgeri,98M. Mannelli,98L. Masetti,98F. Meijers,98S. Mersi,98E. Meschi,98R. Moser,98 M. U. Mozer,98M. Mulders,98E. Nesvold,98,bM. Nguyen,98T. Orimoto,98L. Orsini,98E. Perez,98A. Petrilli,98
A. Pfeiffer,98M. Pierini,98M. Pimia¨,98G. Polese,98A. Racz,98J. Rodrigues Antunes,98G. Rolandi,98,x T. Rommerskirchen,98C. Rovelli,98,yM. Rovere,98H. Sakulin,98C. Scha¨fer,98C. Schwick,98I. Segoni,98 A. Sharma,98P. Siegrist,98M. Simon,98P. Sphicas,98,zM. Spiropulu,98,aaF. Sto¨ckli,98M. Stoye,98P. Tropea,98
A. Tsirou,98P. Vichoudis,98M. Voutilainen,98W. D. Zeuner,98W. Bertl,99K. Deiters,99W. Erdmann,99 K. Gabathuler,99R. Horisberger,99Q. Ingram,99H. C. Kaestli,99S. Ko¨nig,99D. Kotlinski,99U. Langenegger,99
F. Meier,99D. Renker,99T. Rohe,99J. Sibille,99,bbA. Starodumov,99,ccP. Bortignon,100L. Caminada,100,dd Z. Chen,100S. Cittolin,100G. Dissertori,100M. Dittmar,100J. Eugster,100K. Freudenreich,100C. Grab,100A. Herve´,100
W. Hintz,100P. Lecomte,100W. Lustermann,100C. Marchica,100,ddP. Martinez Ruiz del Arbol,100P. Meridiani,100 P. Milenovic,100,eeF. Moortgat,100P. Nef,100F. Nessi-Tedaldi,100L. Pape,100F. Pauss,100T. Punz,100A. Rizzi,100
F. J. Ronga,100M. Rossini,100L. Sala,100A. K. Sanchez,100M.-C. Sawley,100B. Stieger,100L. Tauscher,100,a A. Thea,100K. Theofilatos,100D. Treille,100C. Urscheler,100R. Wallny,100M. Weber,100L. Wehrli,100J. Weng,100 E. Aguilo´,101C. Amsler,101V. Chiochia,101S. De Visscher,101C. Favaro,101M. Ivova Rikova,101B. Millan Mejias,101
C. Regenfus,101P. Robmann,101A. Schmidt,101H. Snoek,101Y. H. Chang,102E. A. Chen,102K. H. Chen,102 W. T. Chen,102S. Dutta,102C. M. Kuo,102S. W. Li,102W. Lin,102M. H. Liu,102Z. K. Liu,102Y. J. Lu,102 D. Mekterovic,102J. H. Wu,102S. S. Yu,102P. Bartalini,103P. Chang,103Y. H. Chang,103Y. W. Chang,103Y. Chao,103
K. F. Chen,103W.-S. Hou,103Y. Hsiung,103K. Y. Kao,103Y. J. Lei,103R.-S. Lu,103J. G. Shiu,103Y. M. Tzeng,103 M. Wang,103A. Adiguzel,104M. N. Bakirci,104,ffS. Cerci,104,ggZ. Demir,104C. Dozen,104I. Dumanoglu,104 E. Eskut,104S. Girgis,104G. Gokbulut,104Y. Guler,104E. Gurpinar,104I. Hos,104E. E. Kangal,104T. Karaman,104
A. Kayis Topaksu,104A. Nart,104G. Onengut,104K. Ozdemir,104S. Ozturk,104A. Polatoz,104K. Sogut,104,hh D. Sunar Cerci,104,ggB. Tali,104H. Topakli,104,ffD. Uzun,104L. N. Vergili,104M. Vergili,104C. Zorbilmez,104 I. V. Akin,105T. Aliev,105S. Bilmis,105M. Deniz,105H. Gamsizkan,105A. M. Guler,105K. Ocalan,105A. Ozpineci,105
M. Serin,105R. Sever,105U. E. Surat,105E. Yildirim,105M. Zeyrek,105M. Deliomeroglu,106D. Demir,106,ii E. Gu¨lmez,106A. Halu,106B. Isildak,106M. Kaya,106,jjO. Kaya,106,jjS. Ozkorucuklu,106,kkN. Sonmez,106,ll L. Levchuk,107P. Bell,108F. Bostock,108J. J. Brooke,108T. L. Cheng,108E. Clement,108D. Cussans,108R. Frazier,108
J. Goldstein,108M. Grimes,108M. Hansen,108D. Hartley,108G. P. Heath,108H. F. Heath,108B. Huckvale,108 J. Jackson,108L. Kreczko,108S. Metson,108D. M. Newbold,108,mmK. Nirunpong,108A. Poll,108S. Senkin,108
V. J. Smith,108S. Ward,108L. Basso,109,nnK. W. Bell,109A. Belyaev,109,nnC. Brew,109R. M. Brown,109 B. Camanzi,109D. J. A. Cockerill,109J. A. Coughlan,109K. Harder,109S. Harper,109B. W. Kennedy,109E. Olaiya,109
D. Petyt,109B. C. Radburn-Smith,109C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous,109I. R. Tomalin,109W. J. Womersley,109 S. D. Worm,109R. Bainbridge,110G. Ball,110J. Ballin,110R. Beuselinck,110O. Buchmuller,110D. Colling,110 N. Cripps,110M. Cutajar,110G. Davies,110M. Della Negra,110J. Fulcher,110D. Futyan,110A. Guneratne Bryer,110
G. Hall,110Z. Hatherell,110J. Hays,110G. Iles,110G. Karapostoli,110B. C. MacEvoy,110A.-M. Magnan,110 J. Marrouche,110R. Nandi,110J. Nash,110A. Nikitenko,110,ccA. Papageorgiou,110M. Pesaresi,110K. Petridis,110
M. Pioppi,110,ooD. M. Raymond,110N. Rompotis,110A. Rose,110M. J. Ryan,110C. Seez,110P. Sharp,110 A. Sparrow,110A. Tapper,110M. Vazquez Acosta,110T. Virdee,110S. Wakefield,110T. Whyntie,110M. Barrett,111 M. Chadwick,111J. E. Cole,111P. R. Hobson,111A. Khan,111P. Kyberd,111D. Leslie,111W. Martin,111I. D. Reid,111
L. Teodorescu,111K. Hatakeyama,112T. Bose,113E. Carrera Jarrin,113C. Fantasia,113A. Heister,113J. St. John,113 P. Lawson,113D. Lazic,113J. Rohlf,113D. Sperka,113L. Sulak,113A. Avetisyan,114S. Bhattacharya,114J. P. Chou,114
D. Cutts,114A. Ferapontov,114U. Heintz,114S. Jabeen,114G. Kukartsev,114G. Landsberg,114M. Narain,114 D. Nguyen,114M. Segala,114T. Speer,114K. V. Tsang,114R. Breedon,115M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez,115
S. Chauhan,115M. Chertok,115J. Conway,115P. T. Cox,115J. Dolen,115R. Erbacher,115E. Friis,115W. Ko,115 A. Kopecky,115R. Lander,115H. Liu,115S. Maruyama,115T. Miceli,115M. Nikolic,115D. Pellett,115J. Robles,115
S. Salur,115T. Schwarz,115M. Searle,115J. Smith,115M. Squires,115M. Tripathi,115R. Vasquez Sierra,115 C. Veelken,115V. Andreev,116K. Arisaka,116D. Cline,116R. Cousins,116A. Deisher,116J. Duris,116S. Erhan,116 C. Farrell,116J. Hauser,116M. Ignatenko,116C. Jarvis,116C. Plager,116G. Rakness,116P. Schlein,116,aJ. Tucker,116
V. Valuev,116J. Babb,117A. Chandra,117R. Clare,117J. Ellison,117J. W. Gary,117F. Giordano,117G. Hanson,117 G. Y. Jeng,117S. C. Kao,117F. Liu,117H. Liu,117O. R. Long,117A. Luthra,117H. Nguyen,117B. C. Shen,117,a R. Stringer,117J. Sturdy,117S. Sumowidagdo,117R. Wilken,117S. Wimpenny,117W. Andrews,118J. G. Branson,118 G. B. Cerati,118E. Dusinberre,118D. Evans,118F. Golf,118A. Holzner,118R. Kelley,118M. Lebourgeois,118J. Letts,118
B. Mangano,118S. Padhi,118C. Palmer,118G. Petrucciani,118H. Pi,118M. Pieri,118R. Ranieri,118M. Sani,118 V. Sharma,118,bS. Simon,118Y. Tu,118A. Vartak,118S. Wasserbaech,118,ppF. Wu¨rthwein,118A. Yagil,118D. Barge,119
R. Bellan,119C. Campagnari,119M. D’Alfonso,119T. Danielson,119K. Flowers,119P. Geffert,119J. Incandela,119 C. Justus,119P. Kalavase,119S. A. Koay,119D. Kovalskyi,119V. Krutelyov,119S. Lowette,119N. Mccoll,119 V. Pavlunin,119F. Rebassoo,119J. Ribnik,119J. Richman,119R. Rossin,119D. Stuart,119W. To,119J. R. Vlimant,119 A. Apresyan,120A. Bornheim,120J. Bunn,120Y. Chen,120M. Gataullin,120Y. Ma,120A. Mott,120H. B. Newman,120 C. Rogan,120V. Timciuc,120P. Traczyk,120J. Veverka,120R. Wilkinson,120Y. Yang,120R. Y. Zhu,120B. Akgun,121
R. Carroll,121T. Ferguson,121Y. Iiyama,121D. W. Jang,121S. Y. Jun,121Y. F. Liu,121M. Paulini,121J. Russ,121 H. Vogel,121I. Vorobiev,121J. P. Cumalat,122M. E. Dinardo,122B. R. Drell,122C. J. Edelmaier,122W. T. Ford,122 A. Gaz,122B. Heyburn,122E. Luiggi Lopez,122U. Nauenberg,122J. G. Smith,122K. Stenson,122K. A. Ulmer,122
S. R. Wagner,122S. L. Zang,122L. Agostino,123J. Alexander,123D. Cassel,123A. Chatterjee,123S. Das,123 N. Eggert,123L. K. Gibbons,123B. Heltsley,123W. Hopkins,123A. Khukhunaishvili,123B. Kreis,123 G. Nicolas Kaufman,123J. R. Patterson,123D. Puigh,123A. Ryd,123X. Shi,123W. Sun,123W. D. Teo,123J. Thom,123 J. Thompson,123J. Vaughan,123Y. Weng,123L. Winstrom,123P. Wittich,123A. Biselli,124G. Cirino,124D. Winn,124
S. Abdullin,125M. Albrow,125J. Anderson,125G. Apollinari,125M. Atac,125J. A. Bakken,125S. Banerjee,125 L. A. T. Bauerdick,125A. Beretvas,125J. Berryhill,125P. C. Bhat,125I. Bloch,125F. Borcherding,125K. Burkett,125 J. N. Butler,125V. Chetluru,125H. W. K. Cheung,125F. Chlebana,125S. Cihangir,125W. Cooper,125D. P. Eartly,125 V. D. Elvira,125S. Esen,125I. Fisk,125J. Freeman,125Y. Gao,125E. Gottschalk,125D. Green,125K. Gunthoti,125 O. Gutsche,125J. Hanlon,125R. M. Harris,125J. Hirschauer,125B. Hooberman,125H. Jensen,125M. Johnson,125 U. Joshi,125R. Khatiwada,125B. Klima,125K. Kousouris,125S. Kunori,125S. Kwan,125C. Leonidopoulos,125
P. Limon,125D. Lincoln,125R. Lipton,125J. Lykken,125K. Maeshima,125J. M. Marraffino,125D. Mason,125 P. McBride,125T. Miao,125K. Mishra,125S. Mrenna,125Y. Musienko,125,qqC. Newman-Holmes,125V. O’Dell,125
R. Pordes,125O. Prokofyev,125N. Saoulidou,125E. Sexton-Kennedy,125S. Sharma,125W. J. Spalding,125 L. Spiegel,125P. Tan,125L. Taylor,125S. Tkaczyk,125L. Uplegger,125E. W. Vaandering,125R. Vidal,125 J. Whitmore,125W. Wu,125F. Yang,125F. Yumiceva,125J. C. Yun,125D. Acosta,126P. Avery,126D. Bourilkov,126
M. Chen,126G. P. Di Giovanni,126D. Dobur,126A. Drozdetskiy,126R. D. Field,126M. Fisher,126Y. Fu,126 I. K. Furic,126J. Gartner,126S. Goldberg,126B. Kim,126J. Konigsberg,126A. Korytov,126A. Kropivnitskaya,126 T. Kypreos,126K. Matchev,126G. Mitselmakher,126L. Muniz,126Y. Pakhotin,126C. Prescott,126R. Remington,126 M. Schmitt,126B. Scurlock,126P. Sellers,126N. Skhirtladze,126D. Wang,126J. Yelton,126M. Zakaria,126C. Ceron,127
V. Gaultney,127L. Kramer,127L. M. Lebolo,127S. Linn,127P. Markowitz,127G. Martinez,127J. L. Rodriguez,127 T. Adams,128A. Askew,128D. Bandurin,128J. Bochenek,128J. Chen,128B. Diamond,128S. V. Gleyzer,128J. Haas,128
V. Hagopian,128M. Jenkins,128K. F. Johnson,128H. Prosper,128L. Quertenmont,128S. Sekmen,128 V. Veeraraghavan,128M. M. Baarmand,129B. Dorney,129S. Guragain,129M. Hohlmann,129H. Kalakhety,129 R. Ralich,129I. Vodopiyanov,129M. R. Adams,130I. M. Anghel,130L. Apanasevich,130Y. Bai,130V. E. Bazterra,130
R. R. Betts,130J. Callner,130R. Cavanaugh,130C. Dragoiu,130L. Gauthier,130C. E. Gerber,130D. J. Hofman,130 S. Khalatyan,130G. J. Kunde,130,rrF. Lacroix,130M. Malek,130C. O’Brien,130C. Silvestre,130A. Smoron,130 D. Strom,130N. Varelas,130U. Akgun,131E. A. Albayrak,131B. Bilki,131W. Clarida,131F. Duru,131C. K. Lae,131
E. McCliment,131J.-P. Merlo,131H. Mermerkaya,131A. Mestvirishvili,131A. Moeller,131J. Nachtman,131 C. R. Newsom,131E. Norbeck,131J. Olson,131Y. Onel,131F. Ozok,131S. Sen,131J. Wetzel,131T. Yetkin,131K. Yi,131
G. Hu,132P. Maksimovic,132S. Rappoccio,132M. Swartz,132N. V. Tran,132A. Whitbeck,132P. Baringer,133 A. Bean,133G. Benelli,133O. Grachov,133M. Murray,133D. Noonan,133S. Sanders,133J. S. Wood,133V. Zhukova,133
A. F. Barfuss,134T. Bolton,134I. Chakaberia,134A. Ivanov,134M. Makouski,134Y. Maravin,134S. Shrestha,134 I. Svintradze,134Z. Wan,134J. Gronberg,135D. Lange,135D. Wright,135A. Baden,136M. Boutemeur,136S. C. Eno,136
D. Ferencek,136J. A. Gomez,136N. J. Hadley,136R. G. Kellogg,136M. Kirn,136Y. Lu,136A. C. Mignerey,136 K. Rossato,136P. Rumerio,136F. Santanastasio,136A. Skuja,136J. Temple,136M. B. Tonjes,136S. C. Tonwar,136 E. Twedt,136B. Alver,137G. Bauer,137J. Bendavid,137W. Busza,137E. Butz,137I. A. Cali,137M. Chan,137V. Dutta,137
P. Everaerts,137G. Gomez Ceballos,137M. Goncharov,137K. A. Hahn,137P. Harris,137Y. Kim,137M. Klute,137 Y.-J. Lee,137W. Li,137C. Loizides,137P. D. Luckey,137T. Ma,137S. Nahn,137C. Paus,137D. Ralph,137C. Roland,137
G. Roland,137M. Rudolph,137G. S. F. Stephans,137K. Sumorok,137K. Sung,137E. A. Wenger,137S. Xie,137 M. Yang,137Y. Yilmaz,137A. S. Yoon,137M. Zanetti,137P. Cole,138S. I. Cooper,138P. Cushman,138B. Dahmes,138
A. De Benedetti,138P. R. Dudero,138G. Franzoni,138J. Haupt,138K. Klapoetke,138Y. Kubota,138J. Mans,138 V. Rekovic,138R. Rusack,138M. Sasseville,138A. Singovsky,138L. M. Cremaldi,139R. Godang,139R. Kroeger,139 L. Perera,139R. Rahmat,139D. A. Sanders,139D. Summers,139K. Bloom,140S. Bose,140J. Butt,140D. R. Claes,140 A. Dominguez,140M. Eads,140J. Keller,140T. Kelly,140I. Kravchenko,140J. Lazo-Flores,140H. Malbouisson,140 S. Malik,140G. R. Snow,140U. Baur,141A. Godshalk,141I. Iashvili,141S. Jain,141A. Kharchilava,141A. Kumar,141
S. P. Shipkowski,141K. Smith,141G. Alverson,142E. Barberis,142D. Baumgartel,142O. Boeriu,142M. Chasco,142 S. Reucroft,142J. Swain,142D. Wood,142J. Zhang,142A. Anastassov,143A. Kubik,143N. Odell,143 R. A. Ofierzynski,143B. Pollack,143A. Pozdnyakov,143M. Schmitt,143S. Stoynev,143M. Velasco,143S. Won,143 L. Antonelli,144D. Berry,144M. Hildreth,144C. Jessop,144D. J. Karmgard,144J. Kolb,144T. Kolberg,144K. Lannon,144 W. Luo,144S. Lynch,144N. Marinelli,144D. M. Morse,144T. Pearson,144R. Ruchti,144J. Slaunwhite,144N. Valls,144
M. Wayne,144J. Ziegler,144B. Bylsma,145L. S. Durkin,145J. Gu,145C. Hill,145P. Killewald,145K. Kotov,145 M. Rodenburg,145G. Williams,145N. Adam,146E. Berry,146P. Elmer,146D. Gerbaudo,146V. Halyo,146P. Hebda,146 A. Hunt,146J. Jones,146E. Laird,146D. Lopes Pegna,146D. Marlow,146T. Medvedeva,146M. Mooney,146J. Olsen,146 P. Piroue´,146X. Quan,146H. Saka,146D. Stickland,146C. Tully,146J. S. Werner,146A. Zuranski,146J. G. Acosta,147
X. T. Huang,147A. Lopez,147H. Mendez,147S. Oliveros,147J. E. Ramirez Vargas,147A. Zatserklyaniy,147 E. Alagoz,148V. E. Barnes,148G. Bolla,148L. Borrello,148D. Bortoletto,148A. Everett,148A. F. Garfinkel,148 L. Gutay,148Z. Hu,148M. Jones,148O. Koybasi,148M. Kress,148A. T. Laasanen,148N. Leonardo,148C. Liu,148 V. Maroussov,148P. Merkel,148D. H. Miller,148N. Neumeister,148I. Shipsey,148D. Silvers,148A. Svyatkovskiy,148
H. D. Yoo,148J. Zablocki,148Y. Zheng,148P. Jindal,149N. Parashar,149C. Boulahouache,150V. Cuplov,150 K. M. Ecklund,150F. J. M. Geurts,150B. P. Padley,150R. Redjimi,150J. Roberts,150J. Zabel,150B. Betchart,151
A. Bodek,151Y. S. Chung,151R. Covarelli,151P. de Barbaro,151R. Demina,151Y. Eshaq,151H. Flacher,151 A. Garcia-Bellido,151P. Goldenzweig,151Y. Gotra,151J. Han,151A. Harel,151D. C. Miner,151D. Orbaker,151 G. Petrillo,151D. Vishnevskiy,151M. Zielinski,151A. Bhatti,152R. Ciesielski,152L. Demortier,152K. Goulianos,152
G. Lungu,152C. Mesropian,152M. Yan,152O. Atramentov,153A. Barker,153D. Duggan,153Y. Gershtein,153 R. Gray,153E. Halkiadakis,153D. Hidas,153D. Hits,153A. Lath,153S. Panwalkar,153R. Patel,153A. Richards,153
K. Rose,153S. Schnetzer,153S. Somalwar,153R. Stone,153S. Thomas,153G. Cerizza,154M. Hollingsworth,154 S. Spanier,154Z. C. Yang,154A. York,154J. Asaadi,155R. Eusebi,155J. Gilmore,155A. Gurrola,155T. Kamon,155 V. Khotilovich,155R. Montalvo,155C. N. Nguyen,155I. Osipenkov,155J. Pivarski,155A. Safonov,155S. Sengupta,155 A. Tatarinov,155D. Toback,155M. Weinberger,155N. Akchurin,156J. Damgov,156C. Jeong,156K. Kovitanggoon,156 S. W. Lee,156Y. Roh,156A. Sill,156I. Volobouev,156R. Wigmans,156E. Yazgan,156E. Appelt,157E. Brownson,157
D. Engh,157C. Florez,157W. Gabella,157M. Issah,157W. Johns,157P. Kurt,157C. Maguire,157A. Melo,157 P. Sheldon,157S. Tuo,157J. Velkovska,157M. W. Arenton,158M. Balazs,158S. Boutle,158M. Buehler,158S. Conetti,158
B. Cox,158B. Francis,158R. Hirosky,158A. Ledovskoy,158C. Lin,158C. Neu,158R. Yohay,158S. Gollapinni,159 R. Harr,159P. E. Karchin,159P. Lamichhane,159M. Mattson,159C. Milste`ne,159A. Sakharov,159M. Anderson,160 M. Bachtis,160J. N. Bellinger,160D. Carlsmith,160S. Dasu,160J. Efron,160K. Flood,160L. Gray,160K. S. Grogg,160
M. Grothe,160R. Hall-Wilton,160,bM. Herndon,160P. Klabbers,160J. Klukas,160A. Lanaro,160C. Lazaridis,160 J. Leonard,160R. Loveless,160A. Mohapatra,160D. Reeder,160I. Ross,160A. Savin,160W. H. Smith,160
J. Swanson,160and M. Weinberg160 (CMS Collaboration)
1Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia 2Institut fu¨r Hochenergiephysik der OeAW, Wien, Austria 3National Centre for Particle and High Energy Physics, Minsk, Belarus
4Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium 5Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium 6Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
7Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
8Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium 9
Universite´ de Mons, Mons, Belgium
10Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 11Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 12Instituto de Fisica Teorica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil
13Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria 14University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
15Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
16State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China 17Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
18Technical University of Split, Split, Croatia 19University of Split, Split, Croatia 20Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia
21University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus 22Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
23Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt,
Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Egypt
24
National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
25Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 26Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
27Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
28Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, IN2P3-CNRS, Annecy-le-Vieux, France 29DSM/IRFU, CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
30Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
31Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Universite´ de Strasbourg, Universite´ de Haute Alsace Mulhouse,
CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France
32Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Villeurbanne, France 33Universite´ de Lyon, Universite´ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS-IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucle´aire de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
34E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Academy of Science, Tbilisi, Georgia 35Institute of High Energy Physics and Informatization, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
36RWTH Aachen University, I. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, Germany 37RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany 38RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, Germany
39Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany 40University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 41Institut fu¨r Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany 42Institute of Nuclear Physics ‘‘Demokritos,’’ Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
43University of Athens, Athens, Greece 44University of Ioa´nnina, Ioa´nnina, Greece
45KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary 46
Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
47University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary 48Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
49University of Delhi, Delhi, India 50Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India 51Tata Institute of Fundamental Research—EHEP, Mumbai, India 52Tata Institute of Fundamental Research—HECR, Mumbai, India 53Institute for Research and Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran 54INFN Sezione di Bari, Universita` di Bari, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
54a
INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
54bUniversita` di Bari, Bari Italy 54cPolitecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
55INFN Sezione di Bologna, Universita` di Bologna, Bologna, Italy 55aINFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
55bUniversita` di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
56INFN Sezione di Catania, Universita` di Catania, Catania, Italy 56aINFN Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
56bUniversita` di Catania, Catania, Italy
57INFN Sezione di Firenze, Universita` di Firenze, Firenze, Italy 57aINFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
57bUniversita` di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
58INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy 59
INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
60INFN Sezione di Milano-Biccoca, Universita` di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy 60aINFN Sezione di Milano-Biccoca, Milano, Italy
60bUniversita` di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
61INFN Sezione di Napoli, Universita` di Napoli ‘‘Federico II,’’ Napoli, Italy 61aINFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
61bUniversita` di Napoli ‘‘Federico II,’’ Napoli, Italy
62INFN Sezione di Padova, Universita` di Padova, Universita` di Trento (Trento), Padova, Italy 62aINFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
62bUniversita` di Padova, Padova, Italy 62cUniversita` di Trento (Trento), Padova, Italy 63INFN Sezione di Pavia, Universita` di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
63aINFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy 63bUniversita` di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
64INFN Sezione di Perugia, Universita` di Perugia, Perugia, Italy 64aINFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
64b
Universita` di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
65INFN Sezione di Pisa, Universita` di Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy 65aINFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
65bUniversita` di Pisa, Pisa, Italy 65cScuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
66INFN Sezione di Roma, Universita` di Roma ‘‘La Sapienza,’’ Roma, Italy 66aINFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
66bUniversita` di Roma ‘‘La Sapienza,’’ Roma, Italy
67INFN Sezione di Torino, Universita` di Torino, Universita` del Piemonte Orientale (Novara), Torino, Italy 67aINFN Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
67bUniversita` di Torino, Torino, Italy
67cUniversita` del Piemonte Orientale (Novara), Torino, Italy 68INFN Sezione di Trieste, Universita` di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
68aINFN Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy 68bUniversita` di Trieste, Trieste, Italy 69Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
70Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
71Chonnam National University, Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Kwangju, Korea 72Korea University, Seoul, Korea
73University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea 74Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
75Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
76Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico 77
Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
78Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico 79Universidad Auto´noma de San Luis Potosı´, San Luis Potosı´, Mexico
80University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 81University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
82National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 83Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
84Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland
85Laborato´rio de Instrumentac¸a˜o e Fı´sica Experimental de Partı´culas, Lisboa, Portugal 86
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
87Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina (St Petersburg), Russia 88Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia
89Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia 90Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
91P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia
92State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia 93University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics and Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
94Centro de Investigaciones Energe´ticas Medioambientales y Tecnolo´gicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain 95Universidad Auto´noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
96Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
97Instituto de Fı´sica de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain 98CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
99
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
100Institute for Particle Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 101Universita¨t Zu¨rich, Zurich, Switzerland
102National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan 103National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
104Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
105Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara, Turkey 106Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
107National Scientific Center, Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov, Ukraine 108University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
109Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom 110Imperial College, London, United Kingdom 111Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
112Baylor University, Waco, USA 113Boston University, Boston, USA 114Brown University, Providence, USA 115
University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
116University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA 117University of California, Riverside, Riverside, USA 118University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA 119University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA
120California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA 121Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA 122University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, USA
123Cornell University, Ithaca, USA 124Fairfield University, Fairfield, USA
125Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, USA 126University of Florida, Gainesville, USA 127Florida International University, Miami, USA
128Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA 129Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA 130University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, USA
131The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA 132Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA 133The University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA 134Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA 135Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA
136University of Maryland, College Park, USA 137Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
138
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
139University of Mississippi, University, USA 140University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA 141State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
142Northeastern University, Boston, USA 143Northwestern University, Evanston, USA 144University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
145The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA 146Princeton University, Princeton, USA 147
University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, USA
148Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA 149Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, USA
150Rice University, Houston, USA 151University of Rochester, Rochester, USA
152The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
153Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA 154University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
155Texas A&M University, College Station, USA 156Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA 157Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA 158University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
159Wayne State University, Detroit, USA 160
University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
aDeceased.
bAlso at CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland. cAlso at Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil.
dAlso at Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France. eAlso at Suez Canal University, Suez, Egypt.
fAlso at British University, Cairo, Egypt.
gAlso at Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland. hAlso at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.
iAlso at Universite´ de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France.
jAlso at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany. kAlso at Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
lAlso at Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary. m
Also at Eo¨tvo¨s Lora´nd University, Budapest, Hungary.
nAlso at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research - HECR, Mumbai, India. oAlso at University of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India.
pAlso at Facolta` Ingegneria Universita` di Roma ‘‘La Sapienza,’’ Roma, Italy. qAlso at Universita` della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
rAlso at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro dell’INFN, Legnaro, Italy. sAlso at Universita` degli studi di Siena, Siena, Italy.
tAlso at Faculty of Physics of University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. uAlso at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA. vAlso at University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
wAlso at Universite´ de Gene`ve, Geneva, Switzerland. xAlso at Scuola Normale e Sezione dell’ INFN, Pisa, Italy.
yAlso at INFN Sezione di Roma, Universita` di Roma ‘‘La Sapienza,’’ Roma, Italy. zAlso at University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
aaAlso at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA. bb
Also at The University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA.
ccAlso at Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia. ddAlso at Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland.
eeAlso at University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics and Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. ffAlso at Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
ggAlso at Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey. hhAlso at Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
iiAlso at Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey. jjAlso at Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
kkAlso at Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. llAlso at Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
mmAlso at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom.
nnAlso at School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. ooAlso at INFN Sezione di Perugia, Universita` di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
ppAlso at Utah Valley University, Orem, USA. qq
Also at Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia.
