Conclusioni

L’EUS-FNA delle lesioni pancreatiche è una procedura sensibile e specifica, soprattutto per le lesioni solide pancreatiche altamente sospette per maligne, sicura e con un ottimo rapporto costo/beneficio, ormai fondamentale per una corretta e rapida diagnosi ed un adeguato management del paziente con malattia neoplastica.

Nonostante ciò, è nostro compito perseverare nel raggiungimento di target maggiori in termini di efficacia: mantenersi al passo delle nuove tecnologie testando nuove tecniche ed aghi e, soprattutto, garantire un adeguato training ed un elevato grado di expertise sono le basi fondamentali per permettere il progresso nella diagnosi precoce e migliorare l’outcome clinico delle patologie maligne pancreatiche.

47 Bibliografia

1. Chirurgia pancreas Verona. [Online] 2019.

2. Demographics, epidemiology, and inheritance of pancreatic. TP, Yeo. s.l.: Semin Oncol., 2015, Semin Oncol., Vol. 42, pp. 8-18.

3. Cigarette smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Vrieling A, et al. 2010, Int J Cancer, p. 2394-403.

4. Alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis in the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4). Lucenteforte E, et al. 2012, Ann Oncol, p. 374-82.

5. Body mass index and risk, age of onset, and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Li D1, Morris JS, Liu J, Hassan MM, Day RS, Bondy ML, Abbruzzese JL. 2009, JAMA.

6. Germ line Fanconi anemia complementation group C mutations and pancreatic cancer. Couch FJ, Johnson MR, Rabe K, Boardman L, McWilliams R, de Andrade M,

Petersen G. s.l.: Cancer Res, 2005.

7. Fanconi anemia gene mutations in young-onset pancreatic cancer. van der Heijden MS, Yeo CJ, Hruban RH, Kern SE. s.l.: Cancer Res, 2003.

8. PALB2 mutations in European familial pancreatic cancer families. Slater EP1, Langer P, Niemczyk E, Strauch K, Butler J, Habbe N, Neoptolemos JP, Greenhalf W, Bartsch DK. s.l.: Clin Genet, 2010.

9. Hereditary pancreatitis is caused by a mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene. Whitcomb DC, et al. s.l.: Nat Genet, 1996 .

10. Hereditary pancreatitis and the risk of pancreatic cancer. International Hereditary Pancreatitis Study Group. Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P Fau, et al. s.l.: J Natl Cancer Inst, 1997.

11. Mutations in the gene encoding the serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type 1 are associated with chronic pancreatitis. Witt H, Luck W, Hennies HC, Classen M, Kage A,

Lass U, Landt O, Becker M. s.l.: Nat Genet, 2000.

12. Very high risk of cancer in familial Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Giardiello FM1, Brensinger JD, Tersmette AC, Goodman SN, Petersen GM, Booker SV, Cruz-Correa M, Offerhaus JA. s.l.: Gastroenterology, 2000.

13. Predicting the risk of pancreatic cancer: on CDKN2A mutations in the melanoma- pancreatic cancer syndrome in Italy. Ghiorzo P, Gargiulo S, Nasti S, Pastorino L,

48

Fornarini G, Romagnoli P, Iiritano E, Savarino V, Bianchi-Scarrà G. s.l.: J Clin Oncol., 2007.

14. Update on familial pancreatic cancer. Hruban RH, Canto MI, Goggins M, Schulick R, Klein AP. s.l.: Adv Surg, 2010.

15. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: From genetics to biology to radiobiology to oncoimmunology and all the way back to the clinic. Fokas E, O'Neill E, Gordon-Weeks A,

Mukherjee S, et al. s.l.: Biochimica et Biofisica Acta, 2015.

16. Clinical implications of biological markers in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Giovinazzo F, Turri G, Zanini S, Butturini G, Scarpa A, Bassi C. s.l.: Surgical Oncology, 2012.

17. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) with high-grade dysplasia is a risk factor for the subsequent development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Rezaee N,

Barbon C, Zaki A, et al. s.l.: HPB (Oxford), 2016.

18. Staging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by imaging studies. Wong JC, Lu DS. s.l.: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol., 2008.

19. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Pancreas Cancer in 2016: A Review. Fogel EL, Shahda S, Sandrasegaran K, et al. s.l.: Am J Gastroenterol, 2017.

20. AIOM 2018, carcinoma del pancreas. [Online] 2018.

21. American Gastroenterological Association Technical Review on the Diagnosis and Management of Asymptomatic Neoplastic Pancreatic Cysts. . Scheiman JM, Hwang JH,

Moayyedi P. s.l.: Gastroenterology , Vol. 2015.

22. Pancreatic cystic tumours. Salvia R, Festa I, Butturini G et al. s.l.: Minerva Chir, 2004. 23. Cystic lesions of the pancreas. . NV, Adsay. s.l.: Mod Pathol, 2007.

24. International Association of Pancreatology. International consensus guidelines for management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Tanaka M, Chari S, Adsay V et al. s.l.: Pancreatology, 2006. 25. Differential diagnosis of cystic tumors of the pancreas by endoscopic ultrasonography. Kubo H, Nakamura K, Itaba S et al. s.l.: Endoscopy, 2009.

26. Macrocystic pancreatic cystadenoma: The role of EUS and cyst fluid analysis indistinguishing mucinous and serous lesions. . O'Toole D, Palazzo L, Hammel P et al. s.l.: Gastrointest Endosc, 2004.

27. Discrimination of unilocular macrocystic serous cystadenoma from pancreatic pseudocyst and mucinous cystadenoma with CT: initial observations. . Cohen-Scali F,

49

28. Pancreatic serous oligocystic adenomas: clinicopathologic features and a comparison with serous microcystic adenomas and mucinous cystic neoplasms. Goh BK, Tan Y, Yap

YM et al. s.l.: World j Surg, 2006.

29. Precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer: molecular pathology and clinical implications. . Singh M, Maitra A. s.l.: Pancreatology, 2007.

30. International Association of Pancreatology, guidelines 2012. [Online]

31. Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: challenges presented by an unusual pancreatic neoplasm. . K., Washington. s.l.: Ann Surg Oncol , 2002.

32. Solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas: review of 718 patients reported in English literature. . Papavramidis T, Papavramidis S. s.l.: J Am Coll Surg, 2005.

33. Malignant potential of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas. . Tipton SG, Smyrk TC, Sarr MG, Thompson GB. s.l.: Brit J of Surgery , 2006.

34. Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: its origin revisited. . Kosmahl M, Seada LS, Janig U, Harms D, Kloppel G. s.l.: Virchows Arch, 2000.

35. Solid and cistyc tumor of the pancreas with massive hemoperitoneum. Omori H, Asahi H, Inoue Y, Irinoda T, Saito K. s.l.: Hepatogastrenterology, 2005.

36. A case of radical resection for solid cystic tumor of the pancreas with widespread metastases in the liver and greater omentum. Ogawa T, Isaji S, Okamura K et al. s.l.: Am J Gastroenterol , 1993.

37. Preoperative gemcitabine for unresectable, solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas. Maffuz A, Bustamante Fde T, Silva JA, Torres-Vargas S. s.l.: Lancet Oncol, 2005.

38. Cervical esophageal perforations at the time of endoscopic ultrasound: a prospective evaluation of frequency, outcomes, and patient management. Eloubeidi MA1, Tamhane

A, Lopes TL, Morgan DE, Cerfolio RJ. s.l.: Am J Gastroenterol., 2009.

39. Adverse events associated with EUS and EUS with FNA.ASGE Standards of Practice Committee et al. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. june 2013.

40. Complications of endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration on pancreatic cystic lesions: Final results from a large prospective multicenter study. Tarantino I et al. Digestive and liver disease. january 2014.

41. Outcomes of single-dose peri-procedural antibiotic prophylaxis for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of pancreatic cystic lesions. Marinos E. et AL. Gastroenterology journal. 2014.

50

43. Severe bleeding and perforation are rare complications of endoscopic ultrasound- guided fine needle aspiration for pancreatic masses: an analysis of 3,090 patients from 212 hospitals.T, Hamada. Gut Liver. 2014.

44. EUS-guided FNA for diagnosis of solid pancreatic neoplasms: a meta-analysis. Hewitt MJ, McPhail MJW, Possamai L, Dhar A, Vlavianos P, Monahan. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2012.

45. Endoscopic ultrasonography guided-fine needle aspiration for the diagnosis of solid pancreaticobiliary lesions: Clinical aspects to improve the diagnosis.Hiroyuki

Matsubayashi, Toru Matsui, Yohei Yabuuchi, Kenichiro Imai, Masaki Tanaka, Naomi Kakushima, Keiko Sasaki, and Hiroyuki Ono. World Journal of gastroenterology. 2016. 46. EUS-guided FNA diagnostic yield of malignancy in solid pancreatic masses: a benchmark for quality performance measurement.Savides TJ, Donohue M Fau - Hunt G,

Hunt G Fau - Al-Haddad M, et al. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2007.

47. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided techniques for diagnosing pancreatic mass lesions: Can we do better? AC, Storm. World journal of gastroenterology. 2016.

48. Role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses. Yoshinaga S, Suzuki H, Oda I, Saito Y. Digestive Endoscopy. 2011.

49. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration needles: which one and in what situation?Karadsheh Z, Al-Haddad M. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2014.

50. Randomized Trial Comparing the Flexible 19G and 25G Needles for Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration of Solid Pancreatic Mass Lesions. Ramesh J1,

Bang JY, Hebert-Magee S, Trevino J, Eltoum I, Frost A, Hasan MK, Logue A, Hawes R, Varadarajulu S. Pancreas. 2015.

51. Assessment of the technical performance of the flexible 19-gauge EUS-FNA needle. Varadarajulu S, Bang JY, Hebert-Magee S. Gastrointestinal Endsocopy . 2012.

52. A meta-analysis comparing ProCore and standard fine-needle aspiration needles for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition . Ji Young Bang, Robert Hawes, Shyam

Varadarajulu. Endoscopy. 2016.

53. Rapid on-site evaluation by endosonographer during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for pancreatic solid masses.Hayashi T, Ishiwatari H, Yoshida M, et

al. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2013.

54. Diagnostic value of EUS elastography in differentiation of benign and malignant solid pancreatic masses: a meta-analysis. Pei Q, Zou X Fau - Zhang X, Zhang X Fau - Chen M,

51

55. Utility of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography for diagnosis of small pancreatic carcinomas. Sakamoto H, Kitano M, Suetomi Y, et al. 2008, Ultrasound Med Biol, p. 34:525-32.

56. Alcolizzazione del plesso celiaco sotto guida EUS. P.Arcidiacono. SIED.

57. How to Perform EUS-FNA.Sahai, Sarto C Paquin et Anand V. Endosonography. 2019. 58. Endoscopic ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration for histological diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses: a meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies. Omar Banafea

et al. BMC Gastroenterology. 2016.

59. Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Staging of Pancreatic Cancer. Bruno Goncalves et al. Portoguese journal of gastroenterology. March 2015.

60. A randomized clinical trial comparing 22G and 25G needles in endoscopic ultrasound- guided fine-needle aspirationof solid lesions. Camellini et al. Endoscopy. 2011.

61. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration with 22- and 25-gauge needles in solid pancreatic masses: a prospective comparative study with randomisation of needle sequence. Fabbri C. et al. Digestive Liver Diseases. 2011.

62. The diagnostic accuracy of 22-gauge and 25-gaugeneedles in endoscopic ultrasound- guided fine needle aspira-tion of solid pancreatic lesions: a meta-analysis. Madhoun MF

et al. Endoscopy. 2013.

63. Performance of a new histology needle for EUS-guided fine needle biopsy: A retrospective multicenter study. Attili Fabia et al. Digestive and Liver Disease. May 2018, Vol. Volume 50.

64. A multicenter randomized trial comparing a 25-gauge EUS fine-needle aspiration device with a 20-gauge EUS fine-needle biopsy device. van Riet Priscilla A. et al. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. February 2019, Vol. Volume 89.

65. L'ecoendoscopia nelle lesioni cistiche del pancreas. Luca Barresi et al. SIED.

66. Comparative accuracy of needle sizes and designs for EUS tissue sampling of solid pancreatic masses: a network meta-analysis. A. Facciorusso et al. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2019.

67. Comparison of FNA and fine-needle biopsy for EUS-guided sampling of suspected GI stromal tumors. Abdul Hamid El Chafic MD et al. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2017