May 21. cicloergometro, intervallati da 4 minuti di recupero attivo,
4. Risultati e conclusion
Precedenti revisioni sistematiche e meta-analisi hanno già dimostrato che il nitrato alimentare riduce significativamente la pressione sanguigna sistolica e che può avere un potenziale terapeutico in pazienti con malattie cardiovascolari, ma con la presente revisione abbiamo visto soprattutto come l’utilizzo di succo di barbabietola ricco di nitrati aumenti la performance nell’esercizio fisico.
In particolare si evidenzia, in 7 studi, come l’ingestione di succo di barbabietola, ricco o meno di nitrati, una volta ingerito, diminuisca la pressione sanguigna e favorisca un aumento della concentrazione plasmatica di nitrito.
L’effetto più marcato del succo di barbabietola concentrato, che si evince in ben 10 studi, è quello di essere ergogenico, ossia di migliorare la performance durante l’esercizio fisico.
Approfondendo in cosa consiste tale miglioramento della performance, si nota che:
• 5 studi evidenziano un aumento della potenza fisica, dovuto ad una maggiore velocità di accorciamento della fibre muscolari; infatti nello studio di Rimer EG et al. 2016 si specifica come il succo concentrato di barbabietola apporti discreti vantaggi negli sport di potenza.
• altri 5 studi evidenziano un minor consumo di ossigeno ed dunque una miglior tolleranza all’esercizio, con tempi di recupero migliori;
• altri 4 studi invece evidenziano come in particolare la miglior performance si abbia in esercizi intermittenti ad alta intensità;
Questi effetti potrebbero risultare interessanti in soggetti che mirano al potenziale miglioramento della tolleranza e della performance dell’esercizio sportivo.
In particolare l'integrazione tramite il succo di barbabietola non è invasiva, il succo è facilmente reperibile e costituisce un apporto di nutrienti sano da parte degli atleti.
Da notare comunque che in 3 studi, dove si evidenzia l’effetto ergogenico o l’aumento della potenza del soggetto dopo l’ingestione del succo di barbabietola concentrato, al contempo non si nota alcuna differenza, tra la somministrazione di succo di barbabietola concentrato ed il placebo, nel miglioramento della forza o della resistenza del soggetto.
Un solo studio in particolare non evidenzia alcun effetto nello sprint ripetuto e nessuna differenza di potenza nei soggetti che hanno ingerito il succo di barbabietola concentrato o il placebo.
La seguente revisione potrebbe fornire le basi per una futura metanalisi e dare indicazioni per studi futuri, dove la ricerca dovrebbe incentrarsi anche sulla dose e sulla durata dell'integrazione, al fine di fornire raccomandazioni specifiche per l’integrazione in ogni tipo di popolazione.
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