Fabio Bianconi
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale DICA (University of the Study of Perugia) mail: fabio.bianconi@unipg.it
Marco Filippucci
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale DICA (University of the Study of Perugia) mail: marco.filippucci@unipg.it
Michela Meschini
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale DICA (University of the Study of Perugia) mail: michela.meschini@yahoo.com
Abstract
The present research work is related to the study made by the University of Perugia of a masterplan
that includes the Hospital Center in Perugia; in particular, the focus is on the project for the
construction of a new building that will result in the extension of the current Special Residences for patients in outpatient therapy. This project is part of the organic plan that involves the spaces of the
“Comitato per la Vita Daniele Chianelli”, a non-profit organization that was created by a group of
parents who felt the need to intervene more directly in carrying out activities to support the public
structure and to be alongside those who suffer and struggle for life. The functional requirement
is to increase the reception capacity of Chianelli Residence and at the same time to extend the
services offered in the area of the hospital pole by integrating commercial and nursery spaces with
a dedicated and protected green area, in order to provide global assistance to families who care for children and adults throughout their illness.
Abstract
Il presente lavoro di ricerca è relativo allo studio di un masterplan che ingloba il Polo Unico Ospedaliero di Perugia, in particolare l’attenzione è posta al progetto per la realizzazione di un
nuovo edificio ad ampliamento delle attuali Residenze per accogliere i malati adulti e bambini in
cura presso i reparti di Oncoematologia Pediatrica ed Ematologia.
Tale progetto si inserisce all’interno di una proposta di piano organico per l’area del Polo Unico Ospedaliero (Azienda ospedaliera ed Università di Perugia) quale iniziativa del Comitato per la Vita
“Daniele Chianelli”, un’associazione senza fini di lucro che nasce per opera di un gruppo di genitori
che ha sentito l’esigenza d’intervenire in maniera più diretta nel realizzare attività di supporto alla
struttura pubblica e di dover essere al fianco di chi soffre e lotta per la vita.
L’esigenza funzionale è quella di incrementare la capacità di accoglienza del Residence Chianelli e
al contempo ampliare i servizi offerti nell’area del polo ospedaliero integrando spazi commerciali ed
asilo nido con area verde dedicata e protetta, in modo da fornire un’assistenza globale alle famiglie che assistono i pazienti bambini ed adulti per tutto il decorrere della loro malattia.
Introduction
The Hospital Pole has been operating in San Sisto area since 20081. It is the result of a transfer lasted almost a decade, which saw the moving of all the activities historically carried out in the former Polyclinic of Monteluce. The hospital already named after the illustrious clinical of School of Medicine of Perugia Prof. Silvestrini, inaugurated in 19852, following the 1967 project, written by the group of Signorini, Casciotti, Capocchia, Bolli3. The structure, named after Santa Maria della Misericordia in continuity with the ancient hospital founded in 13054, is located between Sant’Andrea delle Fratte and the district of S. Sisto, in what was considered to all intents and purposes a few decades ago the outskirts of the city of Perugia5. San Sisto, only 4 km away from Perugia, known in historical chronicles6 for being the seat of the encampment of Frederick II in 12357, and qualified as a castrum in 1495, 1491, and 15018.
In the first Regulatory Plan of Perugia, drawn up with Bruno Zevi, Giuseppe Grossi, Mario Coppa
and Francesco Zannetti and approved in 19589, the production vocation of the area is highlighted10, which from 196111 will host the new Perugina plant, present in the neighborhood of Fontivegge since 1913-1512. However, in the city as early as 190713, space of one million square meters of occupied
1 Santa Maria della Misericordia da Monteluce al Polo Unico Ospedaliero Universitario di Perugia, Regione Umbria, Azienda Ospedaliera
Perugia, Quattroemme Editore, Perugia, 2009
2 M. Pitzurra, L’Ospedale di Santa Maria della Misericordia a Perugia dalle origini ad oggi, Università degli Studi, Perugia, 1992. 3“Domus Misericordie” Settecento anni di storia dell’Ospedale di Perugia, C. Cutini (a cura di), Perugia, Deputazione di storia patria per
l’Umbria, 2006.
4 L. Tittarelli, Gli esposti all’Ospedale di S. Maria della Misericordia in Perugia nei secoli XVIII e XIX, in “Bollettino della Deputazione di
storia patria per l’Umbria”, n. 82, 1985; Istituti di assistenza e servizi sociali a Perugia dal medioevo ai nostri giorni: ciclo di conferenze
sulla città, F. Bozzi (a cura di), Perugia, Provincia di Perugia, 1999; L. Tittarelli, Le balie di campagna dell’ospedale di S. Maria della
Misericordia di Perugia a metà dell’Ottocento, in “Bollettino della Deputazione di storia patria per l’Umbria”, vol. 88, 1991, pp. 131–183; Domus misericordiae: settecento anni di storia dell’ospedale di Perugia. Atti del convegno, Perugia 16 e 17 dicembre 2005, C. Cutini (a cura
di), Perugia, Azienda ospedaliera, 2006; L. Tittarelli, L. Calzola, D. Lanari, Gli esposti all’Ospedale di S. Maria della Misericordia di Perugia
dal XIV al XIX secolo, Selci-Lama, Pliniana, 2003; N. Ramacciati, Infermieri nello Spedale Grande di Perugia: contesti generali e profili locali
dall’Unita d’Italia all’epoca fascista, Morlacchi, Perugia, 2003; Le pergamene dell’Ospedale di S. Maria della Misericordia di Perugia. Dalle origini al 1400, A. M. Sartore (a cura di), Archivio di Stato di Perugia, Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali. Dipartimento per i Beni
Archivistici e Librari, Direzione Generale per gli Archi, Perugia, 2005
5 S. Siepi, Descrizione topologico-istorica della città di Perugia, Perugia, 1822
6 A. Grohmann, Città e territorio tra Medioevo ed età moderna, v. II, Perugia, Volumnia, 1981, p. 999 7P. Pellini, Dell’historia di Perugia, I, Venetia, appresso Gio. Giacomo Hertz, 1664, p. 251
8 A. Fabretti, Documenti di Storia Perugina, II, Torino, coi tipi privati dell’editore, 1892, p. 86, digitalizzato in cdwdoc.demo.alchimedia.it
[2011]
9 Il Piano Regolatore di Perugia entra in vigore con l’atto normativo del Decreto Presidente della Repubblica, siglato il 12/11/1958, anche se è
già approvato dal G.P.A. il 01/08/56.
10 Perugia, Piano Regolatore Generale. Relazione, p. 32, in www.rapu.it [2019]; Ivi, p. 43. 11 F. Cavallucci, San Sisto. Da territorio a quartiere, Protagon, Perugia, 1990, p. 49
12 S. Massimo, L. D’Amico, R. Di Pietra, Accounting and Food: Some Italian Experiences. Routledge, Londra, 2016, p. 404 13 Perugia, Piano Regolatore Generale. Relazione, p. 32, in www.rapu.it [2011]; Ivi, p. 43.
and, of which 70,000 occupied only by the establishment14. The productive space faces the interest
and the need to form “urban districts” that emerged “already implemented without thinking”15. These addresses of the Plan favor and induce the transfer of the Perugina factory right to this area16, a condition that is realized in determining the real birth of the same district of San Sisto. Until then, the district was just composed of a few houses leaning against the Pievaiola, a small aggregate urban that
“explodes” following the construction of the new industrial plant, increasing its population from 700
to 7000 units in a few years17. The attraction of the work center in fact creates a residential pressure, exercised mainly by low-income families18, whose planning tries to keep up with the construction of subsidized housing19. The advent of the “Cittadella Sanitaria” led to the centralization of the
Medicine Center and two important services for the citizen, the Hemato-Oncology Research Center
(CREO), inaugurated in 2015, and the Chianelli Special Residences, in the hospital area, present since 2006. Infrastructural interventions concerning fast mobility redesigned the area, which already has its own railway line stop, although little frequented, with overloaded car parks that reach peaks of 18,000 visitors per day20. Despite its orographic conformation, the area sees a strong presence
of green: in the southern slope are developed a series of cultivated areas with urban gardens for the
elderly owned by the Province of Perugia21, and in the east, a wooded area acts as a caesura with the nearby residential district of via Settevalli.
Fig.1 San Sisto, the evolution of the place in technical papers (1940; 1960; 1990)
14 F. Cavallucci, San Sisto. Da territorio a quartiere, p. 47 15 Perugia, Piano Regolatore Generale. Relazione, p. 23. 16 Perugia, Piano Regolatore Generale. Relazione, pp. 19-20 17 F. Cavallucci, San Sisto. Da territorio a quartiere, p. 87
18 L. Quaroni, L’abitazione per le famiglie a basso reddito, in “Urbanistica”, 31, 1960, pp. 106-113
19 A. Quartulli, I protagonisti dell’edilizia popolare, in “Edilizia Popolare”, 79, 1967, pp. 3-6; E. Capodaglio, Realtà e prospettive della
GESCAL, in “Edilizia Popolare”, 81, 1968, pp. 49-50
20 http://www.umbria24.it/attualita/ospedale-perugia-picchi-18-mila-auto-al-giorno-dati-cinque-telecamere-sorvegliare-varchi [2019] 21 F. Tei, P. Benincasa, M. Farneselli, M. Caprai, Allotment Gardens for Senior Citizens in Italy: Current Status and Technical Proposals, 2nd
The Committee for Life “Daniele Chianelli” finds here the seat of its residence, correlated to the
interests of the association that was born in Perugia, on 26 October 1990, by a group of parents who, lived the painful experience of the disease of their own children, felt the need to intervene more directly in carrying out activities to support the public structure and to be at the side of those who
suffer and fight for life. In close collaboration with Perugia Hospital, the committee promoted the creation of a special residence for patients in outpatient therapy (Residence “Daniele Chianelli”), an
architecture designed in particular by Fabio Bianconi.
The space aims at supporting in the best possible way the patients admitted to the same departments, guaranteeing housing for the patient family members during the hospitalization period and making available at the time of discharge, after careful evaluation with the chiefs of the various structures, an apartment in the structure that guarantees the best situation for the patient.
The present research is in continuity with this relation of professional collaboration, but it develops within the agreement stipulated between Onlus and the Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering of the Engineering Department of Perugia, whose goal is “design studies of architecture for multifunctional urban spaces”. It is therefore an “ethical” collaboration, developed in support of
the Foundation by virtue of its particular mission, aimed at promoting innovation paths and testing multiple solutions.
Fig.2 The Hospital Pole of the city of Perugia
Methodology
The present research was born as an architectural design application22, with the aim of hypothesizing a master plan for the area and estimating and simulating an enlargement project capable of having continuity with the existing structure, guaranteeing in any case the recognizability of the evolution23. The image is set at the center, also due to the spatial correlation and the value of perception, linked above all to the health of patients. Image and design are closely connected. Vittorio Ugo, in a volume
about urban design perhaps too forgotten, emphasizes that in Greek there is one word, eidos, “to draw both the form and the idea, quality and beauty; and it is no coincidence that it has its root –fid – in common with the Greek verb orao (to see) and with the term istoria”24. In the centrality of the
event, the “perceptive principle of intelligibility” focuses on geometry and thus recalls the concept of “topology”25, literally “study of places”, a subject that is fully inserted into the representation of
architecture, which is founded precisely on a synchrase between space and time. “The cognitive
process in the study of an object (architectural, urban, territorial) has as its purpose the construction of an ideological-mental image of the same, obtained through critical reading and interpretation
of its historical genesis and its contingent physical reality”26. The images are therefore the starting
point and the main tool that engages the process of knowledge based on the “constructive” capacity of the drawing, which finds the concretization and the verification of what has been analyzed in
the graphic act. The current Residence, inaugurated in 2006, was classified according to the idea
of a “Roman villa” closed to the outside and organized with internal courtyards; it is bounded by
a system of walls that generate two courtyards destined to host collective functions (children’s
play, small-equipped park, outdoor music and physical activities). The building develops on five
levels, one of which is underground, and it intends to be primarily the accommodation of the 27 residential units of approximately 35sqm each. The complex includes some specialist clinics, a gym for therapeutic activities, a space for educational activities, a multipurpose room for meetings and shows, a playroom, a small library and a media library, a kitchen, a laundry room and an open court looking at the entrance hall and a recreation area. There are also some commercial activities, such as
a health center, a bar/restaurant and a hairdresser: all services designed for a greater comfort for the
parents of the patients, who no longer need to move away from the hospital.
At the present state, the functional need is to expand the reception capacity of Chianelli Residence
and at the same time to increase the services offered in the area of the Hospital Center: in fact, the
existing commercial spaces are to be increased and a nursery with a dedicated and protected green area is to be inserted.
The proposal foresees the construction of a new isolated building, with an L-shaped area, consisting
of two buildings, one of four floors and one of two floors, where one floor is a basement. On the ground floor, there is the raised pedestrian connection to the existing residences.
22 F. Purini, Comporre l’architettura, Edizioni Laterza, Bari, 2009 23 F. Purini, Luogo e progetto, Edizioni Kappa, Roma, 1981
24 V. Ugo, Contributi alla problematica del disegno urbano, Eliotecnica, Palermo 1973, p.128 25 A. Sgrosso, Topologia e architettura, in “Op. Cit.”, n. 45, Edizioni “Il centro”, Napoli, 1979
26 D. Coppo, G. Ceiner, Specificità delle immagini nella cartografia storica e nel rilievo per la costruzione dell’immagine formale, in “L’immagine nel rilievo”, C. Cundari (a cura di), Atti del Seminario di Studio, Gangemi, Roma, 1992, p.260.
Fig.3 Concept of the expansion of the Chianelli Residence
The project sees on the first and second floor no. 10 special residences for patients in outpatient therapy, five residences of about 37.50 square meters on each floor, overlooking the “Parco Del Sorriso” (Smile Park).
Each residence has an entrance hall, utility room, service bathroom, living room with kitchenette, double room with bathroom also accessible with a wheelchair and a terrace, accessible from both the bedroom and from the living room. Each residence will have an electromagnetic induction cooktop. The concept of the design of each accommodation is based on the assumption that all surfaces must be easily accessible and cleanable, avoiding situations that could compromise full health for the guests in therapy. In this sense the room for the hospitalization, including the bathroom of relevance,
will have a set of fixed and mobile furnishings reduced to the bare minimum.
From the first floor, it will be possible to access the flat roof of the ground floor of the lower building.
This coverage was intended, partly as a terrace and partly as a green cover. The guests of the residences can use both spaces for recreational activities.
On the ground floor, in correspondence with the floors of the residences, there is a connection with the current residences and spaces have been identified for offices, storage rooms and common aggregative spaces to be used for the residences. The service distribution corridor is flanked, on the
southwest, by a bioclimatic solar greenhouse. Fig.4 The actual Residence Chianelli
On the ground floor, in correspondence with the lower part of the building, a commercial activity was set up consisting of a sales area, open towards the internal courtyard and the “Menghini” parking lot, an office, a storage/changing room and a toilet. The commercial space is connected to a local
warehouse, located in the basement, by means of a double ramp staircase.
The nursery takes place in the basement, in correspondence with the building that runs parallel to Via Martiri 28 March, the public road on which the driveway and pedestrian access is located. The main entrance is located on the northwest elevation and it opens onto a report space intended for welcoming guests. On the opposite side, compared to the entrance, there are some classrooms for ordered activities, for free activities and for rest. Along the corridor connecting the entrance to the spaces for children, there are a meeting room for the educators and toilets.
Still along the corridor, on the southwest side, there are large glazed French windows that overlook a porch space and an internal courtyard, destined for private greenery. Particular attention is given to
architectural barriers: starting from the nursery, the project foresees the respect of the accessibility
requirement, for both the internal spaces and the external spaces reserved for educational activities (porch and private green space). As far as the internal spaces are concerned, all spaces of relationship and educations and the children’s toilets are accessible. In addition, for employees and visitors, in addition to the minimum equipment of toilets (a toilet for men and a toilet for women), there is a toilet that can be used by people with reduced or impaired motor or sensory capabilities to the requirements.
On the ground floor, in the space dedicated to the commercial activity, the requisite of visitability of
the sales area is respected, while in the part dedicated to services relating to special residences the accessibility requirement is guaranteed to all the report spaces open to the public.
Fig.5 Rendered view of the expansion of the Chianelli Residence
Fig.6 Ground floor plan
The access is via the covered connection, placed at a height with the ground floor, with the residences
already completed. The covered connection is reachable via a path, accessible also by people with
reduced or impeded motor or sensory capabilities, from the “Menghini” car park. In the toilets of the floor, there is a toilet usable also by people with reduced or impaired motor or sensory capabilities to the requirements. Finally, on the first and second floors, dedicated to special residences, the project
envisages the requirement of accessibility to all the relationship spaces and residences. The access to the relationship spaces takes place through the covered connection, placed at a height with the
ground floor, and an elevator which, placed in a central position between the new residences and
the existing ones, vertically distributes the new building. Each residence respects the accessibility requirements and it is equipped with a room, with a bathroom, accessible by people with reduced or impaired motor or sensory capabilities.
Fig.7 Standard apartment plan
Conclusion
The proposal is defined as the natural continuation, even conceptual, of the existing structure and is directed towards the “Parco Del Sorriso”: the physical connection between these two environments,
between these two worlds, expresses the need to create a social cohesion and support for those who come to live these spaces. The relation with landscape, with the green, with the horizon of
the city, the search for tranquility and well-being, is combined with the services offered to a city
in the city as the hospital is. The presence of a nursery, the enlargement of the commercial spaces,
remain congruent to the needs of the person who cannot always afford to move from the hospital.
In the proposal, man is placed in the center, and inserted in a context that is not just only a hospital room, but also a place to feel at home, to live and discover the value of the community. The study of perception, architecture, vision, the rewriting of classical design themes such as building typology, shows the need for a marriage between ethics and aesthetics, where one serves the other, and the