Valutazione del percorso personale di ricerca

Questo elaborato è stato per me una vera sfida poiché reclutare i partecipanti, raccogliere i dati, analizzarli ed interpretarli è stato molto più complesso rispetto a ciò che avrei immaginato accettando di partecipare al progetto. Tutto questo mi ha permesso però d’immergermi in prima persona nell’ambito della ricerca e, nonostante le difficoltà, ha rappresentato sicuramente un fattore di crescita sia personale che professionale.

I test di valutazione sono una parte indispensabile nel nostro lavoro ma la loro analisi passa molto spesso in secondo piano. Grazie a questo progetto invece ho appreso quanto sia importante conoscere i punti di forza e debolezza di uno strumento di misura e capire quanto la sua misura sia stabile e valida, per utilizzarlo con maggior consapevolezza nella pratica professionale. Ho potuto anche avvicinarmi in prima persona al mondo dell’analisi statistica e dell’Evidence Based Practice, provando ad interpretare i dati ottenuti. Ho appreso come utilizzare al meglio gli strumenti esistenti per valutare la coordinazione dell’arto superiore e di quali elementi questa abilità si componga; ciò mi sarà sicuramente utile nel mio futuro da professionista. Non da ultimo, attraverso questo elaborato ho potuto mettere in luce le prime scoperte ed evidenziare alcune criticità che potrebbero aprire la strada per studi futuri rispetto alla validazione dell’Index Test in ambito clinico. In definitiva dunque, nonostante le difficoltà, mi ritengo soddisfatta dei risultati ottenuti.

51

Bibliografia

Ballatori, E. (2011). Randomizzazione; statistica per concetti. volume 1(n°2). Recuperato da http://casco- online.com/r.php?v=1030&a=11249&l=15466&f=allegati/01030_2011_02/fulltext/09_statistica.p df

Berret, B., Bisio, A., Jacono, M., & Pozzo, T. (2014). Reach endpoint formation during the visuomotor planning of free arm pointing. European Journal of Neuroscience, 40(10), 3491–3503. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12721

Bufacchi, R. J., & Iannetti, G. D. (2018). An Action Field Theory of Peripersonal Space. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22(12), 1076–1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.09.004

Cambier, J., Masson, M., Dehen, H., & Masson, C. (2009). Neurologia (11o _{ed.). Edra Masson.}

Christianson, M., & Leathem, J. (2004). Development and Standardisation of the Compterised Finger Tapping Test: Comparison with other finger tapping instruments. New Zeland Journal of Psychology, 33(n°3), 45–49.

Clapham, C., & Nicholson, J. (2009). Normal distribution. In The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Mathematics. Recuperato da

https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199235940.001.0001/acref- 9780199235940-e-1977

Collyer, C. E., Broadbent, H. A., & Church, R. M. (1994). Preferred rates of repetitive tapping and categorical time production. Perception & Psychophysics, 55(4), 443–453.

https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03205301

Correlation. (s.d.). In Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary. Recuperato da https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/correlation

di Pellegrino, G., & Làdavas, E. (2015). Peripersonal space in the brain. Neuropsychologia, 66, 126–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.011

Dodrill, C. (1979). Sex differences on the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological battery and on other neuropsychological measures. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35(n° 2), 6.

52

Ferri, F., Costantini, M., Huang, Z., Perrucci, M. G., Ferretti, A., Romani, G. L., & Northoff, G. (2015). Intertrial Variability in the Premotor Cortex Accounts for Individual Differences in Peripersonal Space. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(n° 50), 16328–16339.

https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1696-15.2015

Fetters, L., & Tilson, J. (2018). Evidence Based Physical Therapy. F.A. Davis.

Franchignoni, F., Ferriero, G., & Ottonello, M. (2016). New psychometric strategies for an appropriate selection and use of outcome measures in physical and rehabilitation medicine. 17.

Franchignoni, F., & Michail, X. (2003). European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. Selecting an outcome measure in Rehabilitation Medicine. Recuperato da

https://www.minervamedica.it/en/getfreepdf/0M7L5X%252BCQRuhIcXSReb40F5UJ9to70JBrvJEP QpWC9PrSy3b%252BwahyM2ApeDsw1Uqbb6gqlPE4clbjqAIclageg%253D%253D/R33Y2003N02A0 067.pdf

Franchignoni, F., & Ring, H. (2006). Measuring change in rehabilitation medicine. Europea Medicophysica, 42(1), 4.

Gagnon, C., Mathieu, J., & Desrosiers, J. (2004). Standardized Finger-Nose Test Validity for Coordination Assessment in an Ataxic Disorder. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 31(04), 484– 489. https://doi.org/10.1017/S031716710000367X

Gelb, D. (2012). The detailed neurologic examination in adults. Recuperato da https://www-uptodate- com.proxy2.biblio.supsi.ch/contents/the-detailed-neurologic-examination-in-

adults?search=coordinazione&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default& display_rank=1#H47

Gribble, P. L., Everling, S., Ford, K., & Mattar, A. (2002). Hand-eye coordination for rapid pointing movements: Arm movement direction and distance are specified prior to saccade onset. Experimental Brain Research, 145(3), 372–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-002-1122-9 Herbert, R., Jamtvedt, G., Birger Hagen, K., & Mead, J. (2012). Fisioterapia basata sulle evidenze. Milano:

53

Higgins, J. P. (2011). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Recuperato da www.handbook.cochrane.org.

Hunley, S. B., & Lourenco, S. F. (2018). What is peripersonal space? An examination of unresolved empirical issues and emerging findings. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 9(6), e1472. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1472

Kent, M. (2007a). Coordination. In The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science & Medicine. Recuperato da https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198568506.001.0001/acref- 9780198568506-e-1643

Kent, M. (2007b). Normal distribution. In The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science & Medicine (3o _ed.).

https://doi.org/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100238552

Keszei, A. P., Novak, M., & Streiner, D. L. (2010). Introduction to health measurement scales. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 68(4), 319–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.01.006 Koehn, D. (1994). The Ground of Professional Ethics. Routledge.

Manto, M. (2009). Mechanisms of human cerebellar dysmetria: Experimental evidence and current conceptual bases. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 6(1), 10.

https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-6-10

Mathiowetz, V., Weber, K., & Volland, G. (1985). Adult Norms For The Nine-Hole Peg Test Of Finger Dexterity. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 5(1), 24–38.

https://doi.org/10.1177/153944928500500102

Moreno-Briseño, P., Díaz, R., Campos-Romo, A., & Fernandez-Ruiz, J. (2010). Sex-related differences in motor learning and performance. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 6(1), 74.

https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-6-74

Mukaka, M. M. (2012). Statistics Corner: A guide to appropriate use of Correlation coefficient in medical research. 3.

Oldfield, R. C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4

54

Oxford Grice, K., Vogel, K. A., Le, V., Mitchell, A., Muniz, S., & Vollmer, M. A. (2003). Adult Norms for a Commercially Available Nine Hole Peg Test for Finger Dexterity. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 57(5), 570–573. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.57.5.570

Prigatano, G. P., & Borgaro, S. R. (2003). Qualitative features of finger movement during the Halstead finger oscillation test following traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International

Neuropsychological Society, 9(1), 128–133. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617703000134 Rizzolatti, G., Scandolara, C., Matelli, M., & Gentilucci, M. (1981). Afferent properties of periarcuate

neurons in macaque monkeys. II. Visual responses. Behavioural Brain Research, 2(2), 147–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(81)90053-X

Rizzolatti, G., & Sinigaglia, C. (2006). So quel che fai. Il cervello che agisce e i neuroni specchio (Prima). Milano: Raffaello Cortina.

Rothstein, J. M. (1985). Measurement and Clinical Practice: Theory and Application. In Measurement in Physical Therapy (pag. Chapter 1, pagg. 1–46). Recuperato da

http://www.library.mmu.ac.uk/secure/index.php?cat_file=&filename=m_28150002_rothstein_m easurement.pdf

RSI Svizzera. (2014, maggio 3). Ticino, più donne che uomini [Giornale]. Recuperato 13 giugno 2019, da RSI website: https://www.rsi.ch/news/svizzera/cronaca/Ticino-pi%C3%B9-donne-che-uomini- 526681.html

Santullo, A. (2009). Le scale di valutazione in sanità. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Scotti, F. (2006, maggio). Il test di Student.

Seidler, R. D., Bernard, J. A., Burutolu, T. B., Fling, B. W., Gordon, M. T., Gwin, J. T., … Lipps, D. B. (2010). Motor control and aging: Links to age-related brain structural, functional, and biochemical effects. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 34(5), 721–733.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.10.005

Shumway-Cook, A., & Woollacott, M. (2011). Motor Control: Translating Research into Clinical Practice (4o

55

Simundic, A.-M. (2013). Bias in research. Biochemia Medica, 12–15. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2013.003

Souza, A. C. de, Alexandre, N. M. C., Guirardello, E. de B., Souza, A. C. de, Alexandre, N. M. C., &

Guirardello, E. de B. (2017). Propriedades psicométricas na avaliação de instrumentos: Avaliação da confiabilidade e da validade. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 26(3), 649–659.

https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742017000300022

Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M. S., & Spreen, O. (2006). A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms and Commentary (Terza Edizione). Oxford University Press.

Tezenas du Montcel, S. T., Charles, P., Ribai, P., Goizet, C., Le Bayon, A., Labauge, P., … Durr, A. (2008). Composite cerebellar functional severity score: Validation of a quantitative score of cerebellar impairment. Brain, 131(5), 1352–1361. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn059

Todd, P., & Shakkottai, V. (2018). Overview of cerebellar ataxia in adults. Recuperato da https://www- uptodate-com.proxy2.biblio.supsi.ch/contents/overview-of-cerebellar-ataxia-in-

adults?search=coordinazione&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default& display_rank=3#H17305679

Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., & Liszkowski, U. (2007). A New Look at Infant Pointing. Child Development, 78(3), 705–722. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01025.x

Urbaniak, G., & Plous, S. (2013). Research Randomizer (Version 4.0). Recuperato da http://www.randomizer.org/

Vafadar, A. K., Côté, J. N., & Archambault, P. S. (2012). The Effect of Muscle Fatigue on Position Sense in an Upper Limb Multi-joint Task. Motor Control, 16(2), 265–283.

https://doi.org/10.1123/mcj.16.2.265

Vallar, G., & Papagno, C. (2011). Manuale di Neuropsicologia (Seconda). Bologna: Il Mulino.

Wang, Y.-C., Magasi, S. R., Bohannon, R. W., Reuben, D. B., McCreath, H. E., Bubela, D. J., … Rymer, W. Z. (2011). Assessing Dexterity Function: A Comparison of Two Alternatives for the NIH Toolbox. Journal of Hand Therapy, 24(4), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2011.05.001

57

ALLEGATI