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Studio sul contenuto in lipidi, polifenoli e carotenoidi in foglie di vite sottoposte a taglio meccanico.

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Academic year: 2021

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34

Localized fruit thinning with Metamitron on

apple trees

Christian A.

christian.andergassen@laimburg.it

Centro di Sperimentazione Laimburg

Fruit thinning is one of the most important measure-ments to improve the fruit quality of apples. In Italy, there are different molecules available and since 2014 Metamitron a photosynthesis II inhibitor has had a registra-tion and was introduced as the commercial product Brevis®. Past studies at Research Center Laimburg showed problems of overthinning on the lower part of Metamitron treated trees, if the product was applied on the whole tree, however, the thinning in the top part of the tree was not fully satisfying. The same problem was observed in the commercial orchard in these three years since the registra-tion. In this present study, the application of only specific parts of the plant (e.g. top treatments) with Metamitron was valuated. The impact on fruit set, fruit quality at harvest and return bloom was investigated on different cultivars. The trials were carried out at the Research Center Laimburg in Northern Italy. Trees were arranged in a ran-domised block design with five trees within the block and three replicates. Treatments were performed with an exper-imental orchard sprayer. The results indicated a good response on the localized application of Metamitron. But the adaption of dosage of the product on the area allotted to an increased thinning efficacy of Metamitron still seems to be a crucial factor. This increase of dose improves the risk of a phytotoxic reaction on the leaves, however in the pre-sent study over different years this has not occurred. To sum up these results show a promising possibility of a stronger thinning on specific parts of the apple trees and at the same time saving fruits in other parts. However, further data is needed to fully understand some of the side effects on the lower canopy of the apple trees especially if combi-nations of different fruit thinner molecules were used. Parole chiave:Metamitron, Apples, Fruit Thinning, Localized treatment, Brevis

Studio sul contenuto in lipidi, polifenoli e

caro-tenoidi in foglie di vite sottoposte a taglio

mec-canico

Zulini L.1*, Chitarrini G.1,2, Masuero D.1, Vrhovsek U.1

luca.zulini@fmach.it

1 Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund

Mach (FEM), San Michele all’Adige (TN)

2 Institute for Agricultural Chemistry and Food Quality,

Laimburg Research Centre, Bolzano

In viticoltura, gli studi riguardanti la risposta biochimica conseguente a differenti tipologie di stress biotici vengono spesso effettuati mediante l’utilizzo di dischetti fogliari. Nonostante ciò, ad oggi, le conoscenze sugli effetti con-seguenti a taglio meccanico sulle foglie di vite non appaiono particolarmente approfondite. Il principale obiet-tivo di questo lavoro è stato quello di analizzare le vari-azioni di sostanze polifenoliche, lipidiche e carotenoidi contenuti in dischetti fogliari di vite ritagliati meccanica-mente. I risultati ottenuti possono consentire una migliore comprensione delle perturbazioni metaboliche conseguenti a stress biotici, scindendole da quelle dovute a stress abioti-ci (taglio). In particolare, questa ricerca è stata focalizzata sui meccanismi biochimici coinvolti nella resistenza alle malattie; è stata quindi utilizzata come “caso studio” la varietà “Bianca” per via della sua buona resistenza sia a peronospora (Plasmopara viticola [Berk. and Curt.] Berl. & de Toni) che oidio (Erysiphe necator Schwein), nonché della sua tolleranza al freddo.

La ricerca è stata condotta considerando diversi tempi di analisi successivi al taglio (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 e 120 ore post taglio) e due differenti dimensioni di dischetti fogliari (1,1 e 2,8 cm di diametro).

I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato come l’effetto del taglio abbia provocato un accumulo di stilbeni e stilbenoidi (es. trans-resveratrolo, trans-piceide, Zmiyabenolo C, E-cis-miyabenolo C e ampelopsina D + quadrangularina A). Si è osservato un incremento di acidi grassi (es. acido linoleico, acido linolenico e acido oleico + cis-vaccenico) nelle prime 12 ore dal taglio, per poi rientrare successiva-mente ai livelli iniziali. È stato inoltre riscontrato l’effetto dovuto alle dimensioni dei dischetti tagliati: in quelli a diametro minore (1,1 cm) gli accumuli di metaboliti sono risultati generalmente più elevati rispetto ai dischetti più grandi.

Parole chiave:taglio meccanico, vite, stress abiotici, resistenza, peronospora, oidio, metabolismo.

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