2012 2012 INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL PIACENZA 2011 978-88-387-6238-3 640
€ 30,00
Landscape in sequence. Dwelling the wall.
edited by: Guya Bertelli - Dipartimento di Architettura e Studi Urbani Michele Roda - Dipartimento di Architettura e Studi Urbani ISBN 978-88-387-6238-3
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Graphic Design by arch. Ester Dedè
Workshop photos and images by OC organization and coordination. Special thanks to arch. Vito Marco Marinaccio
Finito di stampare nel mese di agosto 2013 da DigitalPrint Service s.r.l. – Segrate (Milano)
Ordine degli Architetti, P., P. e C.
della Provincia di Piacenza Piacenza Urban Center Comune di Piacenza Provincia di Piacenza
Promoters: Con il patrocinio di:
Ordine degli Architetti, P., P. e C. della Provincia di Piacenza
Evento supportato da:
Provincia di Piacenza
Media Partner: Partners:
State University of New York at Albany, NY Department of Geography and Planning University of applied sciences HTWK, Leipzig
Si ringraziano il Comune di Piacenza e l’Ordine degli Architetti, Pianificatori, Paesaggisti e Conservatori per aver contribuito alla pubblicazione di questo volume
Il Premio Piacenza 2012 è stato sostenuto da:
Fondazione degli Architetti, P., P. e C. di Parma e Piacenza
LANDSCAPE
IN SEQUENCE
OC - Open City
INTERNATIONAL
SUMMER SCHOOL
Piacenza 2012
from landscape to exterior design
Direction:
Guya Bertelli, Politecnico di Milano, Scuola di Architettura e Società, Dipartimento di Architettura e Pianifi cazione Luca Molinari, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Facoltà di Architettura Luigi Vanvitelli
Promoters:
Politecnico di Milano | Dipartimento di Architettura e Pianifi cazione - Centro per lo sviluppo del Polo di Piacenza, Polipiacenza, Ordine degli Architetti, P. P. e C. della Provincia di Piacenza, Piacenza Urban Center
Patronages:
Regione Emilia Romagna, Provincia di Piacenza, Comune di Piacenza, Confi ndustria Piacenza
Partners:
Escuela Tècnica Superior de Arquitectura de Sevilla (ETSAS - Spagna) University of Applied Sciences HTWK-Leipzig, Faculty of Architecture
Media Partner:
Il Giornale dell’Architettura
Sponsorship:
Polipiacenza, Provincia di Piacenza, Camera di Commercio Piacenza, Fondazione Architetti Parma e Piacenza
Prize Piacenza 2012:
Fondazione degli Architetti P. P. C. di Parma e Piacenza
Operational Committee:
Alberto Aschieri, Anna Barbara, Chiara Bertoli, Marco Bovati, Marco Bozzola, Gianluca Catellani, Barbara Coppetti, Maddalena D’Alfonso, Andrea di Franco, Stefano Di VIta, Carlo Ezechieli, Marco Facchinetti, Fabio Fusco, Simona Gabrielli, Massimo Galluzzi, Marco Ghilotti, Carlos Gomez Arciniegas, Andrea Gritti, Francesco Infussi, Miguel Jaime, Eugenia Lopez Reus, Marco Mareggi, Pasquale Miano, Silvia Milesi, Henrique Pessoa Pereira, Paola Pucci, Gaia Re-daelli, Madì Reggio, Massimiliano Roca, PierAntonio Val, Stefan Vieths, Fabrizio Zanni, Vincenzo Zucchi
Coordination:
Juan Carlos Dall’Asta Michele Roda Alisia Tognon Organization: Felipe Barrera Paola Bracchi Milad Farahaninia Giulia Setti Tutors:
Cecilia Anselmi, Felipe Barrera Castellani, Benedetta Bisotti, Paola Bracchi, Giovanni Carli, Massimo Galluzzi, Dario Giordanelli, Sara Impera, Marina di Iorio, Alessandro Leanti La Rosa, Vitomarco Marinaccio, Mauro Marinelli, Pasquale Mei, Marco Merigo, Paolo Nordi, Caterina Padoa Schioppa, Raffaele Pe, Sandro Rolla, Giulia Setti, Alisia Tognon, Patrizia Toscano, Ruchi Varma, Fabio Zinna.
9
Scientifi c committee:
Marco Albini Architect Professor at Politecnico di Milano, Scuola di Architettura e Società
Michele Arnaboldi Architect Professor at USI Accademia d’Architettura, Mendrisio
Sandro Balducci Urban Planner Professor at Politecnico di Milano and Pro-rector
Alberico Belgiojoso Architect Professor at Politecnico di Milano, Scuola di Architettura e Società
Paola Bertola Designer Professor at Politecnico di Milano, Facolty of Industrial Design, Arts,
Comunication and Fashion
Tito Boeri Economist Professor at Università Bocconi, Milano
Angelo Bugatti Architect Director of Building and Territorial Engineering Department,
Università di Pavia
Stefano Ceri Engineer Professor at Politecnico di Milano, Director of ASP - Alta Scuola
Politecnica’s Executive Board
Alain Charre Architecture Historian Professor at École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture, Clermont-Ferrand
Luisa Collina Designer Professor at Politecnico di Milano, Facolty of Industrial Design, Arts,
Comunication and Fashion
Pierre Alain Croset Architect Professor at Politecnico di Torino
Sergio Crotti Architect Professor at Politecnico di Milano, Scuola di Architettura e Società
Giangiacomo D’Ardia Architect Professor at Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara
Benito Dodi Architect President of Ordine degli Architetti, Pianifi catori, Paesaggisti e
servatori della Provincia di Piacenza
Pierre Donadieu Landscaper and Agronomist Professor at École nationale supérieure du Paysage, Versailles
Hervé Dubois Architect Professor at École nationale supérieure d’Architecture, Marseille
Aurelio Galfetti Architect Professor at USI Accademia d’Architettura, Mendrisio
Carlos García Vázquez Architect Professor at Escuela Superior de Arquitectura de Sevilla
Aldo Grasso Journalist and critic Professor at Università Cattolica, Milano
Grafton Architects Architects Professors at USI Accademia d’Architettura, Mendrisio
Bernard Lassus Landscaper Professor at École Nationale Supérieure du Paysage, Versailles
Ennio Macchi Mechanical Engineer Director of Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano
Renzo Marchesi Mechanical Engineer Professor at Politecnico di Milano, Director of Polipiacenza
Elena Mussinelli Architect Professor at Politecnico di Milano, Scuola di Architettura e Società
Walter A. Noebel Architect Professor at Fakultät Bauwesen Universität, Dortmund
Piercarlo Palermo Urban Planner Director of School of Architecture and Society, Politecnico di Milano
Gabriele Pasqui Urban Planner Professor at Politecnico di Milano, Director of Dipartimento di
tettura e Pianifi cazione
Franco Purini Architect Professor at Università degli Studi La Sapienza, Facoltà di
tura Valle Giulia, Roma
Ferran Sagarra Trias Urban Planner Director of Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Barcelona
Roberto Spagnolo Architect Professor at Politecnico di Milano, Scuola di Architettura e Società
Ilaria Valente Architect Professor at Politecnico di Milano, Coordinator of PHD School (DrPAU)
Massimo Venturi Ferriolo Philosopher and Landscaper Professor at Politecnico di Milano, Scuola di Architettura e Società
Andreas Wolf Architect Professor at University of applied sciences HTWK-Leipzig
INDEX
PREFACE
Politecnico Piacenza Campus and its International Summer School
Guya Bertelli
BACKGROUND
Dwelling the wall: signs, ruins and traces of the contemporary age
Guya Bertelli
Wall-Scape, between the urban lines
Michele Roda
ISSUES
An historical and morphological introduction to the wall of Piacenza
Juan Carlos Dall’Asta and Pasquale Mei
Wall stories
Caterina Padoa Schioppa
Piacenza Diary
Summer School coordination
A diary of an experience
Marina Di Iorio
PROJECTS
Landscape in sequence. Dwelling the wall.
Project areas and subjects introduction
Paola Bracchi, Juan Carlos Dall’Asta, Pasquale Mei, Giulia Setti
pag. 14 pag. 25 pag. 35 pag. 51 pag. 61 pag. 75 pag. 101 pag. 108
Piacenza Prize 2012 A competition for Piacenza Press Review
Focus thematic area 1: “archaeological park”
Project: “Draping biodiversity” - Group 1A Project: “Reversing horizons” - Group 1B Project: “Fun city” - Group 1C
Focus thematic area 2: “agricultural park”
Project: “Energy and production” - Group 2A Project: “Urban agriculture” - Group 2B Project: “Cultural diversity” - Group 2C
Focus thematic area 3: “technological park”
Project: “From walls to thresholds” - Group 3A Project: “Urban rooms in sequence” - Group 3B Project: “Discontinuous sequence” - Group 3C
Bibliography pag. 136 pag. 144 pag. 154 pag. 160 pag. 164 pag. 170 pag. 176 pag. 182 pag. 186 pag. 192 pag. 198 pag. 204 pag. 208 pag. 214 pag. 220 pag. 226
51
Juan Carlos Dall’Asta, Pasquale Mei
Bastion Farnesian
The walls of Piacenza with its ramparts that surrounded the city were built by Farnese (sixteenth century) to defend the city represents today one of the greatest examples of military architecture of the Italian Renaissance, in which architects Antonio Sangallo (ju-nior) and Sanmicheli took part in the design team.
Following the demolition of various interventions that took place at the turn of the nine-teenth century and the twentieth century there are only four out of six kilometers border-ing the city. Of the eleven original bulwarks, only two no longer exist (Fodesta and St. Lazzaro), making Piacenza one of the few walled cities in the Emilia region.
The city of Piacenza, founded by the Romans in 218 BC, has always occupied a strategic role within the Po Valley. City roads and major intersections are a result of its geographi-cal position on the border between the North-West regions: Lombardy, Piedmont, Liguria and Tuscany. First among the cities of Emilia-Romagna, it has always been an important node: it is bordered by the Po, fi rst used as a waterway and therefore the route of trade and attacks. It has been at crossroads between the ancient roads that linked the North to the South and West to the East, namely the Via Francigena and the Via Emilia.
Also, essential was its military role and logistics, as a defensive outpost: therefore these walls were always reinforced, rebuilt and restored and even today it is quite possible to see the perimeter walls of the Farnese that draws a trough around the consolidated city. Bordering town and Nodal city, crossing river and temporary deposit of goods, this is the modern role of Piacenza: the city of logistics, not military anymore but commercial.
AN HISTORICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL
INTRODUCTION TO THE WALL OF PIACENZA
ISSUES
The architectural interpretation of walls as a common thread reveals the shape of the city, highlighting the processes of transformation in the relationship between interior and exterior, but also can be taken as a metaphor of the border-opening and closing to another reality.
The interpretation of the wall system as a limit, threshold or interval is important to high-light this relationship of an opposition, which long time ago was built between the city as urbs closed by walls and the country, is now impossible, as the relationship between the inside and the outside, results in the explosion of the shape of the city beyond its city limits. The loss of limens, which opens the limit, has important consequences for the identity of the individual and the status of the inhabitants of a city that has lost its con-notation of civitas.
ACTUAL CONDITION
The walls delineate the urban limit and we have the city as the interval between the outer border of the Farnesian city and the fi rst border of the twentieth century city. From a morphological point of view, therefore, we can interpret this limit according to different scales of observation: the fi gure of the territorial scale, the different areas of the system constituting the overall design to the urban scale, the elements of the different spatial categories at an architectural scale.
Territorial scale: background and fi gure
The interval recognizable through the system of walls constitutes again a complete fi gure recognizable in which the threshold defi nes the consolidated city identifi ed for traces re-ciprocating the relationship with the interior and exterior. The fi gure, at north, is related in a tangential way to the system of infrastructure (railway, highway, engineering and technology) and nature (fl uvial landscape of the Po), while at south the features remain and the spatial geometry of the Roman centuriatio which continues to form the structure and the agricultural use of the Po Valley.
Urban scale: continuity and discontinuity
At an intermediate scale, the physical presence of the wall in the south-eastern and north-western portion is clear, while, contrary, in south-western area with the ramparts of the old fortifi ed town and north-eastern portion with the band of rail infrastructure,
An historical and morphological introduction to the wall of Piacenza
55
map of Piacenza city (approx. XVIII century) the system of walls compromise the knocking down and remaining traces constitute a discontinuous sequence of pieces and archaeological fragments.
Architectural scale: components and sequences
At the local scale, the discontinuity of the internal tissues and external diffi culties related to each other in a continuous and homogeneous system clearly emerges. It can also be identifi ed with the presence of a punctual settlement of notable buildings of great quality that constitute a reference system (churches, convents, palaces, hospitals, etc.) in which many are not of minor importance, some pieces of agricultural land preserved in the ex-isting morphological system.
From this condition, the system of wall appears to us today from a morphological point of view, an extended threshold, a limit that reconfi gures in its spatial and formal identity, both as a unitary system, that as a system specifi cally related to the parts with which its confi gured.
From a typological point of view, the loss of identity followed from the knocking down of the system of walls, today requires a re-identifi cation of equal allocation of function and signifi cance. The actual state of abandonment and partial demolition of the walls requires, for the recovery of its degree of artifi ciality, a new defi nition of spatial mean-ing as a specifi c technical resource that can change the new confrontation between open space and the persistent nature. The walls, today, however, play a new role for specifi c infrastructure capable of putting an appropriate hierarchy between the different possible connections in the area.
OBJECTIVES
From this observation, the project should target to redefi ne the system of wall at different scales of intervention.
At the larger scale, the ring defi ned by the former system of wall must identify itself as a large urban system, a linear park connected to the articulation of open spaces identifi ed on the outside and inside the city, and that weaves new relationships with larger systems existing today at the territorial context of Piacenza (river system, agricultural system,
ISSUES
infrastructure system.)
The linear park will be defi ned as a new urban device of six kilometers long urban path with a continuous bike path in its entire length measured by a rhythmic succession of threshold spaces (for most of the part coincide with the ancient bulwarks) capable of becoming the new places of accessibility that can allow the interchange between the dif-ferent levels of mobility.
In this sense, each urban gateway will also need the underground parking with a capacity of 100-200 parking spaces and bike-share points (pavilion for switching from/bicycle). map of Piacenza (approx. XV century)
57
At the intermediate scale, from the morphological point of view, each single segment should be re-identifi ed as an important new relational space between the inside and the outside of the city through the creation of transverse connections. These connections are specifi cally defi ned to link the remarkable places, emerging points and residual open spaces of the city, involving different internal undeveloped areas and not always with an urban identity, such as parks, gardens, squares, etc.
From a typological point of view, each segment must meet specifi c requirements dictated by local conditions predefi ning the typological meaning of the complex capable to put to interpretative diagram of the contemporary urban situation
ISSUES
system the existing buildings, abandoned fragments and degraded residual areas.
In this way, each segment will be able to, on one hand, identify itself as part of a complex system, and on the other, to identify itself as a highly specifi c place from the viewpoint of its functional use.
At the local scale, we must act on all the constituting parts of the system in order to re-store meaning and sense to the individual urban fragments, belonging to the places they are built, places that are unbuiltor open spaces as spaces of relationship.
The project must be expressed through different types of actions, ranging from unstruc-tured parts of the urban transformation, regeneration of urban fabrics, up to the reuse
diagrams in sequence: urban development
59
of existing parts.
In summary, the program of redevelopment of the ring wall is proposed to:
- redevelopthe park into a linear system that can connect the open spaces of the inner city;
- defi nea system of slow mobility consisting of a new bike path, bike-share points, and interchange point between different levels of mobility (underground parking);
- recovermeaning and signifi cance of existing urban fragments along the walls under a new system of congruent functions.From this condition, the system of wall system as it appears to us today, from a morphological point of view, an extended limit by reconfi gur-ing its spatial identity, in its unity and its sgur-ingular parts.
