0 2 000 4 000 6 000 2050 2040 2030 2020 2010 2000 1990 EU targets EU goal GHG in EU 1990 - 2020 -57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year
- 20% Million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
- 40%
- 80% - 95%
1990 - 2030
-76 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year
1990 - 2050
-76 to -91 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year 4 467
Greenhouse gas emissions by Member State
Change of GHG from 1990 to 2017 (%)Greenhouse gas emissions by Member State
kg CO₂ equivalent per person, 2017More than 12 10.6 - 11.9 8.6 - 10.5 7.2 - 8.6 Less than 7.2
8.7 kg of CO2 equivalent per person in the EU kg of CO2 equivalent per person
19.7 5.5 12 10.6 8.6 7.2
Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector
Million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent, 2016
1990 2016
Fuel combustion and fugitive emissions from fuels (no transport and heating)
Fuel combustion in public electricity and heat production
Transport including international aviation
Industrial processes and product useAgriculture Waste management 2 124 1 394 1 439 1 023 856 1 080 517 374 542 430 236 138 31.4% 23.0% 24.3% 8.4% 9.7% 3.1%
4 439
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2016Greenhouse gas emissions trend
Projections and targets in the EUChange over the period 1990 - 2017 (%)
Change of GHG from 1990 to 2017
EU average: -21.9%
20% 40% 60% -20% -40% -60% 0% CY PT ES IE MT AT SI EL NL LU PL FR IT BE FI HR SE DE DK HU CZ UK BG SK EE RO LV LT EU28 1990: 5 720 2017: 4 467 Million tonnes of CO2 The European Union (EU) has been protecting the environment since the early 1970s, considering economic prosperity and environmental protection interdependent. As energy policies are a competence shared between the EU and its Member States (MS) joint strategic planning is strongly developed. Human activities can have adverse impacts on the environment, and subsequently on our well-being. Therefore, it is vital to monitor how MS perform in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy supply, considering that alongside the energy model, human behaviour of EU citizens represents the key element to prevent climate change.Living in the EU: Climate Change and Energy
EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service EUI | European University Institute
Authors: Giulio Sabbati, Members’ Research Service, EPRSCaterina Francesca Guidi, GlobalStat, EUI PE 635.564 - May 2019
AT A GLANCE
Primary energy consumption by fuel
Million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent0 400 800 1200 1600 2015 2010 2005 2000 1995 1990 0 400 800 1200 1600 1 483 Mtoe 2020 target 20% increase in energy efficiency by 2020. This means limiting annual primary energy consumption to 1 483 Mtoe. Gas (Natural & Derived)
Nuclear Heat Renewables
Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil & Petroleum Products
369 217 217 239 485 282 205 72 453 550 Primary energy 1562 1526
Share of renewable energy
In gross final energy consumption, %, 2016
Net import dependency of natural gas
% of gross inland consumption+international bunkers, 2016
Primary energy production
Million tonnes of oil equivalent - Mtoe
More than 28.9% 21.4% - 28.8% 15.3% - 21.3% 9.6% - 15.2% Less than 9.5%
17%: average share of renewable energy in EU 20%: EU 2020 target for renewable energy
Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption
53.8% 5.4% 28.8% 21.3% 15.2% 9.5% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2016 2000 48.9% 70.4% BE LT EE SE FI SI LU EL PT FR ES BG CZ SK IT DE AT LV HU PL EU28 UK IE HR RO NL DK
Note: a negative dependency rate indicates a net exporter of energy, while a dependency rate in excess of 100% indicates that energy products have been stocked. EU28 0 100 200 300 400 2015 2010 2005 2000 1995 1990 Nuclear energy Renewable energies Solid fuels Natural Gas Crude oil Other
Million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe)
Share of primary energy production (2016)
Nuclear energy Renewable
energies Solidfuels NaturalGas Crudeoil Other
28.7% 27.9% 17.5% 14.2% 9.8% 1.9%
Notes
GlobalStat is a project developed by the European University Institute’s Global Governance Programme (Italy) and the Francisco Manuel dos Santos Foundation (Portugal).
Data sources for page 1: GHG emission trends, GHG emissions by Member State, GHG emissions by source sector data are provided by European Environment Agency. Data sources for page 2: Primary energy consumption by fuel data are provided by European Environment Agency, Share of renewable energy by European Commission, Primary energy production by Eurostat and Net import dependency of natural gas data are provided by European Commision.
Extraction date: data were extracted in March 2019.
This ‘At a glance’ note is part of a series ‘Living in the EU’. The other issues in the series cover European Elections and Democracy, Demography, Asylum and Migration, the Economy, and Education and Health.
This document is prepared for, and addressed to, the Members and staff of the European Parliament as background material to assist them in their parliamentary work. The content of the document is the sole responsibility of its author(s) and any opinions expressed herein should not be taken to represent an official position of the Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. © European Union & GlobalStat, 2019.
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