Comparison of maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with HELLP syndrome and women with severe preeclampsia without HELLP syndrome

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(1)© IC. C ni. io. iz. Ed In te. rn az io na li. Or i gi nalar t i cl e.

(2) COMPARISON_Demirci.qxp:Layout 1. 11-10-2010. 12:36. Pagina 52. A. Turgut et al.. te. rn a. zi on al i. preeclamptic patients without HELLP syndrome (severe preeclamptic group) were compared with 111 patients with HELLP syndrome (HELLP group). A total of 35 intrauterine fetal deaths (29 fetuses in the severe preeclampsia group, and 6 fetuses in the HELLP group) were excluded from this study group when comparing neonatal outcomes. The demographic and clinical characteristics of these women are shown in Table I. Gestational age at diagnosis, gestational age at delivery, and the time interval between diagnosis and delivery were significantly lower in the HELLP group. Caesarean delivery was significantly higher and post-partum oliguria was significantly lower in the HELLP group. Rates of epigastric pain were also significantly higher in the women with HELLP syndrome. The comparison of presenting symptoms is shown in Table II. The pre-partum and post-partum hematological and biochemical characteristics of the women are shown in Table III. Post-partum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were significantly higher, and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were significantly lower in the HELLP group than in the severe preeclamptic group when compared pre-partum. Table IV compares maternal complications and morbidities among severe preeclamptic women with or without HELLP syndrome. It was found that more blood transfusions, especially thrombocyte, erythrocyte, and fresh frozen plasma, were used for the HELLP group (<0.001). There was a significant association between acute renal failure and HELLP syndrome. The need for the intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation was significantly higher in the HELLP group. The occurrence of at least one complication was significantly higher in the HELLP group (16.8%) than in the severe preeclamptic group (11.8%). There was one maternal mortality (0.9%) in the HELLP group and no maternal mortality among the women in severe preeclamptic group a. The neonatal outcomes are presented in Table V. It was found that HELLP syndrome cases had significantly lower gestational age and fetal bodyweight. There were significant differences between the HELLP group and the severe preeclamptic group in neonatal mortality, NEC, requirement for mechanical ventilation and the intensive care unit, and the duration of stay in the newborn intensive care unit. Table 6 compares post-partum complications according to pathology, clinical signs, labor and delivery, and laboratory data between groups. The simultaneous presence of HELLP syndrome and preeclampsia was associated with post-partum complications (OR: 8.4, 95%; CI: 5.6-13, 4), whereas that was not the case when the two conditions were considered separately. Presence of acid and pre-partum oliguria, caesarean delivery, and the time interval between diagnosis and delivery were associated with post-partum complications. A shorter interval time between diagnosis and delivery appeared to be associated with post-partum complications. A thrombocyte count of <100.000 cells/μL and a level of AST≥70 U/L were found to be statistically associated with post-partum complications (OR:7.7; CI:4.6-12.9; OR:6; CI:3.1-11.5, respectively).. ©. C. IC. Ed. iz. io. ni. In. severe preeclampsia if they met one or more of the following criteria of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program 2000 (15): systolic arterial BP ≥ 160 mmHg or diastolic arterial BP ≥ 110 mmHg on two or more consecutive occasions, at least 6 h apart, while the patient is at bed rest; cerebral or visual disturbances; epigastric or right upper-quadrant pain, ascites, or pulmonary edema; or proteinuria ≥2 g/l and oliguria of less than 400 ml/24 h or 30 ml/h. All women routinely received intravenous magnesium sulfate to prevent and control convulsions and oral nifedipine to maintain diastolic blood pressure below 110 mgHg. Oral antihypertensive medications with methyldopa or nifedipine were then used to maintain the diastolic pressure between 90-100mgHg. Blood products were used to correct severe anemia or coagulation abnormalities, as needed. Also, dexamethasone as a steroid was applied to the cases with HELLP syndrome. Gestational age was determined by using the best obstetric criteria, including either last menstrual period or ultrasonography (where available) at < 12 weeksʼ gestation, or both. Corticosteroids were used to accelerate fetal lung maturity in all cases when the gestational age was ≥ 25, but less than 34 weeks. Intrauterine growth restriction was defined as a birth weight below the 5th percentile for that gestational age. The comparison of maternal conditions was made with regard to hematological and biochemical examination results, eclampsia, duration of hospital stay, maternal mortality, requirement for transfusion of blood and blood products, abruptio placentae, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), acute renal failure, pulmonary edema, wound infection, thromboembolic complication, re-operation, atony, hematoma and neurological signs, requirement for intensive care unit, and requirement for mechanic ventilation. The DIC was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the following criteria: low platelet count (<100,000 cells/μL), low fibrinogen level (<300 mg/dL), positive D-dimers (≥40 mg/dL), or prolonged prothrombin time (≥14 seconds) and partial thromboplastin times (≥40 seconds). Acute renal failure was diagnosed in the presence of oliguria or anuria in association with a creatinine clearance of ≤20 mL/min and an elevated serum creatinine level of ≥2 mg/dL. Pulmonary edema was assessed on the basis of clinical findings and radiography of the chest. The neonatal medical records were reviewed for the following outcomes as diagnosed by the attending pediatrician: fetal growth restriction (FGR), hypoglycemia of the newborn, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), duration of stay in an intensive care unit, sepsis, and neonatal death. Data are presented as mean ± SD, median and range, or frequency, as appropriate. Categoric data were compared by the Chi-2 test-square or the Fisher exact test. Continuous variables were analyzed by the Student t test. A multivariate A P value < .05 was considered significant. Analysis was performed with logistic regression analysis.. Results. Discussion. During the study period, there were 40,908 deliveries at this tertiary medical center in Turkey, 578 of which were complicated by severe preeclampsia; and 467 severe. The HELLP syndrome has been a subject of much controversy with regard to diagnosis, incidence, and outcome. The aforementioned criteria proposed by Sibai. 52. Journal of Prenatal Medicine 2010; 4 (3): 51-58.

(3) COMPARISON_Demirci.qxp:Layout 1. 11-10-2010. 12:36. Pagina 53. Comparison of maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with HELLP syndrome and women with severe preeclampsia without HELLP syndrome Table I - Demographic and clinical characteristics of HELLP group and severe preeclamptic group Severe preeclamptic group (n:467). HELLP group (n:111). Gravidity Parity(n) Gestational age at diagnosis Gestational age at delivery Ante-partum Systolic BP(mmHg). 2.3±1.8 0.9±1.3 34.4±3.6 34.6±3.6. 2.4±1.6 1.1±1.3 33.1±3.6 33.2±3.6. NS NS NS <0.001. 174.6±16.6. 172.8±21.6. NS. Diastolic BP(mmHg) Post-partum Systolic BP(mmHg) Diastolic BP(mmHg) Time interval between diagnosis and delivery Maternal age Vaginal delivery Caesarean delivery Parity Primigravida Parous At Caesarean Section Abdominal acid Amount of acid Feature of amnion liquid Clear Meconium Uterine contraction before Caesarean Section Oliguria(400ml/24h or30ml/h) Pre-partum Post-partum Eclampsia Pre-partum Post-partum Preterm rupture of membrane Chorioamnionitis. 114.1±10.3. 113.9±14.5. NS. 153.1±16.6 100±11.1 1.5±1.7 27.6±5.7 134 (28.7) 333 (71.3). 155±15.7 101.8±11.1 0.7±1.1 27.7±5.4 21 (18.9) 90 (81.1). NS NS <0.001 NS 0.037 0.037. zi on al i. rn a te. 42(37.8) 63(56.8). NS NS. 60 (18.0) 400.8±570.8. 22 (24.4) 484.1±699.7. NS NS. 455 (97.4) 12 (2.6) 57 (17.1). 107 (96.4) 4 (3.6) 16 (17.8). NS NS NS. 115 (24.6) 85 (18.2). 24 (21.6) 37 (33.3). NS <0.001. 18 (3.9) 2 (0.4) 10 (2.1) 1 (0.2). 6 (5.4) 3 (2.7) -. NS NS NS NS. IC. Ed. iz. io. ni. In. 219(46.9) 248(53.1). p. ©. C. Table II - Presenting symptoms in women Symptoms. Severe preeclamptic group (n:467). HELLP group (n:111). Odds ratio (GA %95). p. Headache Visual change Epigastric pain Nausea and vomiting Dizziness At least 1 symptom. 280 (60.0) 132 (28.3) 26 (5.6) 38 (8.1) 12 (2.6) 162 (34.7). 58 (52.3) 40 (36.0) 36 (32.4) 7 (6.3) 1 (0.9) 32 (28.8). 1.39 (0.90-2.07) 0.70 (0.45-1.08) 0.12(0.07-0.21) 1.32(0.57-3.03) 2.90 (0.37-22.55) 1.31 (0.83-2.06). NS NS <0.001 NS NS NS. Journal of Prenatal Medicine 2010; 4 (3): 51-58. 53.

(4) COMPARISON_Demirci.qxp:Layout 1. 11-10-2010. 12:36. Pagina 54. A. Turgut et al.. Table III - Hematological and biochemical characteristics of HELLP group and severe preeclamptic group. 12.2±2 35.5±6.3 93972.5±61236.6 321.4±318.1 257.7±274.1. NS NS <0.001 <0.001 <0.001. 283.1±109.0 12.3±4.9 0.8±0.2 5.9±1.5 5.7±0.7 2.3±0.5 135.9±3.7 4.5±0.6 103.4±11.4. 758±476.8 13.1±4.2 0.8±0.2 6.1±1.3 5.6±0.6 2.3±0.6 134.7±3.6 4.5±0.6 102.7±12.6. <0.001 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS. rn a. te. 8(1.7) 459(98.3) 7.6±11.2 5 (1.1) 31 (6.6) 261 (55.9). io. iz. Ed. IC C ©. 10.7±1.7 31.7±5.1 102918.9±59266.3 36.1±19.3 37±28.4 303.3±94.2 12±5.2 0.8±0.2 5.9±1.6 5.2±0.7 2±0.5 135.6±4.1 4.6±0.6 103.5±4.1 3 (0.6) 21 (4.5) 209 (44.8). p. zi on al i. 12.1±1.7 35.6±4.7 222636.6±77574.5 36.4±28.6 36±30.7. ni. LDH(U/L) BUN(mg/dl) Creatinine(mg/dl) Uric acid(mg/dl) Total protein(g/dl) Albumin(g/dl) Sodium(mmol/L) Potassium(mmol/L) Chlorine(mmol/L) Urine protein -dipstick testing .o or trace(%) .+1.+2(%) .+3,+4(%) -proteinuria in a 24 h period(g/24h) LDH≥600(U/L) AST≥70(U/L) Uric acid≥5.5mg/dl Post-partum Hemoglobin(g/dl) Hematocrit(%) Platelet count (/mm3) 225154.4±80336 AST(U/L) ALT(U/L) LDH(U/L) BUN(mg/dl) Creatinine(mg/dl) Uric acid(mg/dl) Total protein(g/dl) Albumin(g/dl) Sodium(mmol/L) Potassium(mmol/L) Chlorine(mmol/L) LDH≥600(U/L) AST≥70(U/L) Uric acid≥5.5mg/dl. HELLP group (n:111). In. Pre-partum Hemoglobin(g/dl) Hematocrit(%) Platelet count (/mm3) AST(U/L) ALT(U/L). Severe preeclamptic group (n:467). 2(1.8) 21(18.9) 88(79.3) 5.7±6.6 54 (48.6) 93 (83.8) 76 (68.5). 10.1±2.1 29.1±6 <0.001 207.4±247.3 171.6±186.8 691.1±558.3 16±19.7 0.9±0.7 6±1.5 5.1±0.7 2.1±0.4 135.6±5 4.5±0.6 103.4±3.6 43 (38.7) 71 (64.0) 72 (64.9). <0.001. NS <0.001 <0.001 0.016 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.002 NS NS NS NS NS NS <0.001 <0.001 <0,001. AST( aspartate aminotransferase), ALT(alanine aminotransferase ), LDH( lactate dehydrogenase), BUN( blood urea nitrogen),. et al., which are the more stringent, were used in this study (14). The HELLP syndrome occurs in 0.17-0.85% of all pregnancies (16). Consistently, we found that the HELLP syndrome occurs in an average of 0.27% of all pregnancies. Consistent with the literature (3), the HELLP syndrome rate among patients in the severe. 54. preeclamptic group was 18% in our data. Our rate comes from tertiary care center data, and we do not have yet a rate for the overall population in our country. But Liu et al. reported a higher proportion than this rate (25%). The studyʼs authors explained that this difference may arise from the possibility of underestimatJournal of Prenatal Medicine 2010; 4 (3): 51-58.

(5) COMPARISON_Demirci.qxp:Layout 1. 11-10-2010. 12:36. Pagina 55. Comparison of maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with HELLP syndrome and women with severe preeclampsia without HELLP syndrome Table IV - Maternal complications in the HELLP group and severe preeclamptic group HELLP group (n:111). Post-partum complications Fever ≥38.5°C Re-operation Thromboembolic complication Wound infection Post-partum eclampsia. 18 (3.9) 6 (1.3) 11 (2.4) 2 (0.4). 3 2 3 3. Blood transfusion Thrombocyte transfusion Erythrocyte transfusion Whole blood transfusion Fresh frozen plasma transfusion DIC ARF Pulmonary edema Maternal death Boom curettage Atony Hematoma Retinal detachment Visual disturbance Occipital infarction and visual problems Hemodialysis Intracerebral hemorrhage Brain edema Abruptio placentae At least one complication Intensive care unit Mechanical ventilation The length of stay after delivery. 4 (0.9) 24 (5.1) 1 (0.2) 15 (3.2) 11 (2.4) 1 (0.2) 6 (1.3) 2 (0.4) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 3 (0.6) 1 (0.2) 21(4.5) 50 (10.7) 11.2±17.9. 55 (49.5) 34 (30.6) 2 (1.8) 33 (29.7) 1 (0.9) 9 (8.1) 1 (0.9) 1 (0.9) 1 (0.9) 4 (3.6) 1 (0.9) 1 (0.9) 1 (0.9) 1 (0.9) 7(6.3) 18 (16.2) 4(3.6) 2(1.8) 13.6±16.3. (2.7) (1.8). rn a. (2.7) (2.7). te. In. ni. io. iz. Ed. p. zi on al i. Severe preeclamptic group ( n:467). NS NS NS NS. <0.001 <0.001 NS <0.001 NS NS NS NS NS NS 0.006 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS <0.001 0.001 0.037 NS. DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation), ARF (acute renal failure). ©. C. IC. ing the incidence of severe preeclampsia cases (17). We found that the mean interval time between diagnosis and delivery is 0.7 days and 1.5 days for all pregnancies and 0.9 days and 2.2 days in pregnancies before a gestational age of 32 weeks for the HELLP group and the severe preeclamptic group, respectively. We opted for expeditious delivery when maternal conditions progressed adversely. Traditionally, women with severe preeclampsia, even if remote from term, are delivered expeditiously, regardless of gestational age. Haddad et al. reported several retrospective, case-control, observational, prospective, or randomized trials in which expectant management in women with severe preeclampsia was feasible in well-selected patients without prejudicing maternal safety (18). In our study this short interval between diagnosis and delivery is due to the high rate of complicated cases referred to our institution and also because the condition was not recognized as promptly in medical centers already visited by the women as it was in ours. Journal of Prenatal Medicine 2010; 4 (3): 51-58. The overall rate of adverse maternal complications observed in the HELLP group (16.2%) was higher than in the severe preeclamptic group (11.8%). It was found that the HELLP group cases required a statistically significant greater amount of thrombocyte, erythrocyte, and fresh frozen plasma transfusion. Similar to our study, several studies state that HELLP syndrome cases require a greater amount of blood products (8,9,19-21). We also found that acute renal failure was significantly higher in the HELLP syndrome group. Similarly, Liu et al. and Martin et al. found significantly higher acute renal failure in the HELLP group compared with the severe preeclamptic group (17,22). In this study, we found a significantly higher requirement for mechanical ventilation and the intensive care unit in the HELLP group, although only one maternal mortality was observed (0.9%) in the HELLP group and no maternal mortality in the severe preeclamptic group. Liu et al. reported that the maternal mortality rate with the HELLP syndrome was no different than the maternal mortality rate for se-. 55.

(6) COMPARISON_Demirci.qxp:Layout 1. 11-10-2010. 12:36. Pagina 56. A. Turgut et al.. Table V - Neonatal outcomes in the HELLP group and severe preeclamptic group HELLP Syndrome (n:111). Sex female male FGR 124(26.6) Apgar score ≤6 at 5 min* Neonatal mortality *. 232(49.7) 235(50.3) 28(25.2) 31(7.1) 23(5.3). 60(54.1) 51(45.9) NS 13(12.4) 15(14.3). RDS * IVH * NEC * BPD * Hypoglycemia * Hyperbiluribinemia * Sepsis * ROP * Perinatal asphyxia * Glucocorticoid therapy<34 hafta IUFD 29(6.2) Mechanical ventilation * Intensive care * Fetal body weight (g) Apgar score 1.min * Apgar score 5.min* Gestational age at delivery Period for staying in neonatal intensive care unit(d) *. 40(9.1) 9(2.1) 0(0) 5(1.1) 41(9.4) 174(39.7) 47(10.7) 8(1.8) 5(1.1) 205(43.9) 6(5.4) 62(14.2) 233(53.2) 2282.6±868.1 6.5±1.7 8.3±1.2 35.3±4.2 5.2±14.3. 14(13.3) 3(2.9) 3(2.9) 0(0) 15(14.3) 49(46.7) 15(14.3) 3(2.9) 2(1.9) 65(58.6) NS 33(31.4) 73(69.5) 1971.2±735.5 6.0±1.8 8.0±1.2 34.3±3.3 13.1±18.5. p. zi on al i. Severe preeclampsia (n:467). NS 0.001. NS NS 0.007 NS NS NS NS NS NS 0.005. <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.004 0.012 0.008 <0.001. io. ni. In. te. rn a. NS. iz. FGR (fetal growth restriction), RDS (respiratory distress syndrome), IVH (intraventricular hemorrhage), NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis), BPD (broncopulmonary dysplasia), ROP (), IUFD (intrauterine fetal death). ©. C. IC. Ed. vere preeclampsia (17). We believe that the low maternal mortality rate in our study, especially for severe preeclampsia, can be explained by the aggressive approach to delivery—i.e., that the fetus is delivered when maternal conditions warrant, regardless of gestational age. In recent publications maternal mortality was reported as ranging from 0% to 4.3 % for the HELLP syndrome group (20,23,24). We also detected that postpartum hematoma was significantly higher in the HELLP group, although instances of re-operation, DIC, and thromboembolic complications were not found to be different between the HELLP group and the severe preeclamptic group. Similarly, Haddad et al. reported no difference in DIC between the HELLP syndrome and severe preeclampsia groups (8). Conversely, Liu et al., Martin et al., and Pampus et al. reported a strong association between HELLP syndrome and coagulation abnormalities (4,17,22). In addition, although, in agreement with Haddad et al (8),we found similar rates of eclampsia in the HELLP group and in the severe preeclamptic group, Liu et al., Martin et al, and Miles et al. found, on the contrary, that eclampsia was more frequent in women with HELLP syndrome (17,22,25). In the present study, the simultaneous presence of HELLP syndrome and preeclampsia was strongly associated with post-partum complications, whereas such. 56. was not the case when the two conditions were considered separately. Deruelle et al. supported this conclusion (26). Additionally, the presence of ascites and oliguria and the shorter interval between diagnosis and delivery was found to be significantly associated with postpartum complications. Deruelle et al. supported our result regarding ascites. But, after multivariate analysis, they did not find an association linking post-partum complications with oliguria and the interval between diagnosis and delivery (26). Moreover, we determined that thrombocytopenia (<100.000 cells/ųl) and elevated liver enzymes (serum aspartate aminotransferase ≥70u/l) were indicators of post-partum complications. Deruelle et al. found an association between thrombocytopenia and post-partum complications, although they did not find an association between elevated liver enzymes and post-partum complications after multivariate analysis, as consistent with Martin et al. (22, 26). There is general agreement that both perinatal and fetal morbidity and mortality rates are increased in pregnancies complicated by HELLP syndrome. In our study, as previously reported (7-10,27,28), overall neonatal mortality and morbidities (NEC and lower 1.5-min APGAR scores) was greater in infants of women with the HELLP syndrome, and there was a greater need for mechanical ventilation, neonatal intensive care, and longer Journal of Prenatal Medicine 2010; 4 (3): 51-58.

(7) COMPARISON_Demirci.qxp:Layout 1. 11-10-2010. 12:36. Pagina 57. Comparison of maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with HELLP syndrome and women with severe preeclampsia without HELLP syndrome Table VI - Post-partum complications in women with preeclampsia and/or HELLP syndrome according to pathology, clinical signs, labor and delivery, biological features. <0.001 NS <0.001. 531 (91.9) 472 (81.7) 338 (58.5) 172 (29.8) 62 (10.7) 45 (7.8) 13 (2.2). 135 (25.4) 115 (24.4) 80 (23.7) 49 (28.5) 27 (43.5) 12 (26.7) 5 (38.5). NS NS NS NS NS NS NS. 82 (19.4) 221 (38.2). 40 (48.8) 73 (33.0). 134 (28.7) 333 (71.3) 135 (23.4). 22 (16.4) 127 (38.1) 48 (35.6). 11.6±17.6 27 (4.7) 10 (1.7) 28 (4.8) 124 (22.9) 80 (17.4) 144 (30.4) 331 (75.6). iz. Ed. 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 3.8. 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.9. 2.9 1.7. 1.6 – 5.0 1.1 – 2.8. referans <0.001 NS. 2.6 1.1. 1.2-3.8 0.5 – 2.1. 100 (28.6) 27 (38.0) 1.0±1.3. referans NS 0.009. 1.3 0.8. 0.7 – 2.5 0.7 – 0.9. 12.9±18.5 13 (48.1) 2 (20.0) 10 (35.7) 73 (58.9) 49 (61.3) 72 (50.0) 102 (30.8). NS NS NS NS <0.001 NS 0.022 NS. 1.0 1.4 0.6 1.2 7.7 1.6 6.0 0.9. 0.9 – 1.0 0.5 – 4.2 0.1 – 3.1 0.4 – 3.5 4.6 – 12.9 0.7 – 3.2 3.1 – 11.5 0.6 – 1.8. IC. Journal of Prenatal Medicine 2010; 4 (3): 51-58. <0.001 0.029. te. times in the neonatal intensive care unit. Kim et al., Haddad et al., Abramovici et al., and Magann et al. indicated that neonatal morbidity or mortality is directly related to gestational age at delivery (7-10). In the present study, mean gestational age at delivery and fetal body weight was significantly lower in the HELLP group, although the other factors affecting neonatal outcomes— such as age of the mother, fetal growth restriction, abruptio placentae, and eclampsia—were not different between the groups. In addition, all of the15 neonatal mortalities in the HELLP syndrome group had <32 weeksʼ gestational age, and 13 of these 15 neonatal mortalities were <30 weeksʼ gestational age. While 38% of the HELLP group pregnancies were below 32 weeksʼ gestational age, the rate for the pregnancies in the severe preeclamptic group was 20%. Thus our result supports the literature showing an association between gestational age and neonatal morbidity and mortality.. C ©. 0.1 – 0.2 0.1-1.2 5.6-13.4. In. 350 (82.7) 73 (17.3) 1.4±1.7. CI (%95). 0.1 0.2 8.4. rn a. 80 (17.1) 4(44.4) 65 (63.7). io. Ascites Oliguria (<400ml/24h or 30ml/h) Delivery Vaginal Caesarean Gestational age<32 hafta Caesarean Before labor During labor Time interval between diagnosis and delivery The length of stay after delivery Eclampsia Preterm membrane rupture Abruptio placenta Thrombocyte count <100.000/mm³ LDH≥600 U/L AST≥70 U/L Serum uric acid ≥5.5mg/dl. 467 (80.8) 9(1.6) 102 (17.6). ni. Type of pathology Severe preeclampsia alone HELLP syndrome alone Severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome Clinical signs Systolic BP≥160 mmHg Diastolic BP≥110mmHg Headache Visual change Epigastric pain Nausea and vomiting Dizziness. Women with post-partum complications n(%)ª p OR. zi on al i. n=578. – – – – – – –. 2.4 1.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 2.9 16.4. This study supports the idea that HELLP syndrome is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Neonatal outcomes appear to be influenced primarily by gestational age at delivery. Aggressive treatment for the pregnant women appears to decrease the maternal mortality rate. Also, this observation allows the clinician to be more attentive to clinical and biological disturbances, especially the simultaneous presence of HELLP syndrome and preeclampsia, along with oliguria, ascites, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes. Management and delivery of HELLP syndrome mothers and infants should be performed at tertiary centers, where highly trained neonatal and adult intensive care unit personnel and facilities are available, and a team approach with obstetricians and specialized pediatricians is essential to improve both the maternal and neonatal outcomes.. 57.

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