Arte non come mezzo ma come fine

(1)

(2)

*

www.psicoart.unibo.it Accademia di Belle Arti, Verona

2

I

q

u

a

d

e

r

n

i

d

i

P

s

i

c

o

A

r

t

Daniela Rosi

*

Arte non come mezzo ma come fine

!"#$%"&'$('"()$*+,("&&,("*(-.&+%$(',(%,"/,*,+"0,$&.(&.1%$2 *$3,4"(5%"&4"(6"%+,&,(',(7%.&+$(,&(81"*,+9(',(4$$%',&"+%,4.( '.**:"++,#,+9(;$4,"*.(.(%.;<$&;"/,*.(41*+1%"*.=(4$&(1&()"&2 '"+$( ;<.4,>,4$( <.%( ;#,*1<<"%.( +1++$( 4,?( 4@.( "++,&.&+.( "**:"%+.( <$;;"( 41%"%.( *.( <.%;$&.( 4$&( <"+$*$3,.( 4%$&,4@.( .( '.3.&.%"+,#.=( @$( "#1+$( )$'$( ',( ,&#.;+,3"%.( *:1+,*,00$( ',( )$*+,;;,),(")/,+,("%+,;+,4,=(4@.(#"&&$('"**"(#"*$%,00"0,$&.( '.*(<".;"33,$A_{("*(%.41<.%$(.("**"(4$*+,#"0,$&.(',(1&(3,"%',2} &$(;+$%,4$('.*(B"%"',;$CD_{('"**"(;<.%,).&+"0,$&.(',(',#.%;.(} ;41$*.( ',( "%+.+.%"<,"( "**"( +.%"<,"( '.**:"%+.C( '"**"( %."*,00"2 0,$&.(',("+.*,.%(',(*,/.%"(.;<%.;;,$&.E_{(",(',#.%;,(*"/$%"+$%,(} 4%."+,#,($("%+,3,"&"*,(',(<%$3.++"0,$&.('.*()$;",4$(%$)"&$(

(3)

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

+.+.%"<,"(.=(&.**.(%,1&,$&,(',(),3*,$%").&+$(4@.(;,;+.)"+,2 4").&+.( ,*( +.")( $<.%"+,#$( <%$)1$#.=( ,&( <,M( $44";,$&,( *"( ',>>.%.&0"(J(;+"+"(%,)"%4"+"I(

!:"%+.+.%"<,"( J( 1&"( <;,4$+.%"<,"( 4@.( 1+,*,00"=( ',( #$*+"( ,&( #$*+"=(;+%1).&+,(,4$&$3%">,4,=(<*";+,4,=()1;,4"*,=(.+4I(!"(+.2

%"<,"('.**:"%+.=()$*+$(<,M("&+,4"=(J(*"(%,;1*+"&+.(',(1&"(41%"( N&$&( ,&+.&0,$&"*.O( 4@.( 4$&;.31.( "*( %"<<$%+$( ',%.++$( >%"( *:"%+,;+"(.(,*(;1$(>"%.("%+,;+,4$I(

7%$#$( ;+%"&"( *"( 4$&>1;,$&.( 4@.( %.3&"( ;$#%"&"( >1$%,( '"*( 4.&+%$( '$#.( *"#$%$=( 81"&'$( 4,( ;,( 4$&>%$&+"( ;1( 81.;+$( +.2 )"I(-%.'$(4@.(,*(<%$/*.)"(;+,"(<%$<%,$(&.*(&$).(P"%+.+.2 %"<,"QI( 7%"++"&'$;,( ',( 1&"( <%"+,4"( <;,4$+.%"<,4"( N<.%4@K( 4$;R(J(&"+"(;+$%,4").&+.O(.(&$&(',(1&(<.%4$%;$("%+,;+,4$=(*"( >$%)1*"0,$&.('.*(#$4"/$*$(J(;1*(<,"&$(*$3,4$=(;.(&$&(.%%"2 +"=(81"&+$).&$(")/,31"IS₍₍ T&("*+%$()$+,#$('.**"(4$&>1;,$&.(;+"(&.*(>"++$(4@.("44"'.( ;<.;;$(4@.(,(%,;1*+"+,(',(1&(<.%4$%;$(<;,4$+.%"<,4$(;1(/";.( "%+,;+,4"(#.&3"&$(.;<$;+,(4$).(*"#$%,("%+,;+,4,=(;.//.&.(,&( 81.;+"(<%"+,4"(*:$/,.++,#$(&$&(;,"("%+,;+,4$=(4$&+"&'$(81,(,*( <%$4.;;$(.(&$&(,*(%,;1*+"+$I(( F.++$(81.;+$(4$).(<%.).;;"(<.%(<$+.%4,(,&+.&'.%.=(<$;;$( 4$)1&81.(">>.%)"%.(4@.(&.**"(),"(<.%;$&"*.(.;<.%,.&0"=U₍ &$&$;+"&+.( *:$/,.++,#$( <%,)"%,$( &$&( ;,"( +.%"<.1+,4$=( @$( <$+1+$(4$&;+"+"%.(4@.(;,($++.&3$&$(;<.;;$()"33,$%,(.(<,M(

(4)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 4 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( ,&+.%.;;"&+,(%,;1*+"+,(+.%"<.1+,4,V_{(&.,(<%$4.;;,(&$&(',4@,"2}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

6"(4@.(;.&;$(@"($>>%,%.("++,#,+9("%+,;+,4@.(',4@,"%"+").&+.( &$&(+.%"<.1+,4@.(,&(1&(*1$3$(',(41%"\(

-@,(@"("#1+$()$'$(',(*"#$%"%.(+"&+,("&&,(,&(81.;+$(")/,+$( "#%9(;,41%").&+.(&$+"+$(*"(;<$&+"&.,+9(4$&(*"(81"*.(+"&+.( <.%;$&.( 4@.( ;,( "))"*"&$( ;,( "##,4,&"&$( "*( *,&31"33,$( '.**:"%+.I(6$',>,4"&'$(%"',4"*).&+.(,*(*$%$(%"<<$%+$(4$&(,*( +.)<$( <.%( 4"1;.( ',( >$%0"( )"33,$%.( .( +"*#$*+"( #.&.&'$( ).&$(*"(<$;;,/,*,+9(',()"&+.&.%.(,*(*,&31"33,$(#.%/"*.(,&2 +.3%$=(81.;+.(<.%;$&.(%.41<.%"&$(*,&31"33,(.;<%.;;,#,(4@.( 81";,( ;.)<%.( "#.#"&$( "//"&'$&"&$( 4$&( *:,&>"&0,"( $( 4$&( *"(3,$#,&.00"I((

Z*(',;.3&$($(*"(<,++1%"(;$&$(;.&0:"*+%$(>%"(81.;+,I((

B.&;$( 4@.( 81.;+"( 4$&;+"+"0,$&.=( 1&,+"( "**"( <$;;,/,*,+9( ',( $>>%,%.(",()"*"+,=("(/";;$(4$;+$=('.**.("++,#,+9(4@.(<.%).+2 +"&$(*$%$(',($441<"%.(,*(+.)<$(*,/.%$=]_{("//,"(',(4.%+$(>"#$2}

%,+$(*"(&";4,+"(',(',#.%;,("+.*,.%=(*"/$%"+$%,(.;<%.;;,#,(.(',( +"&+.( <%"+,4@.( 4%."+,#.( 4@.( ;.)<%.( ;,( +%$#"&$( ,&( +1++.( *.( ;+%1++1%.( %,"/,*,+"+,#.( 4@.( "//,"&$( 1&( ,)<,"&+$( ;+"&0,"*.=( ',1%&$($("'',%,++1%"(%.;,'.&0,"*.I(

71++$( 4,?( >"( ;R( 4@.( ;,"&$( <$4@,;;,),( ,( *1$3@,( ',( 41%"( 4@.( &$&("//,"&$("+.*,.%=(*"/$%"+$%,($(<,M(3.&.%,4").&+.("++,#,2

(5)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 5 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B(

+9( 4%."+,#.I( !"( ',>>.%.&0"( ;+"( ;$*$( &.**"( 81"*,+9I( ^( 4.%+$( &$&(J(<$4"(',>>.%.&0"I((

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`.&.=(81,(*"(4$;"(4")/,"I(F,(;$*,+$=(,&(81.;+.(%.2 "*+9( ;,( <$;;$&$( >"%.=( .( ',( >"++$( ;,( >"&&$=( '.,( #.%,( <.%4$%;,( "%+,;+,4,I(

!"( ;+$%,"( ,+"*,"&"( ,&( 81.;+$( ;.&;$( J( %,44@,;;,)"=( 4$).( ;"<<,")$I(

_( '"( 81.;+"( 4$&;"<.#$*.00"( 4@.( J( &"+"( *"( <%$<$;+"( '.*( -.&+%$( ',( %,"/,*,+"0,$&.( &.1%$*$3,4"( 5%"&4"( 6"%+,&,( ',( 7%.&+$("**:H44"'.),"(',(`.**.(H%+,(',(W.%$&"(',("<%,%.(1&( a;;.%#"+$%,$( &"0,$&"*.( ',( a1+;,'.%( H%+( <.%( ,*( )$&,+$%"32 3,$( '.**.( $<.%.( ':"%+.( 4@.( .;4$&$( '",( *1$3@,( ',( 41%"I( !:"#.%*$(<%$<$;+$("(W.%$&"(+%$#"(*"(;1"()$+,#"0,$&.(&.**"( ;+$%,"( ',( 81.;+"( 4,++9=( 4@.( @"( "#1+$( 1&$( '.,( <%,),( "+.*,.%( ':"%+.( ,&( ;.&;$( )$'.%&$( .( ',( 4.%+$( 81.**$( 4@.( 4,( @"( '"+$( 1&$('.,(<,M(,)<$%+"&+,("%+,;+,(/%1+('.*()$&'$I( [1,=(&.*(AbSV=(6,4@".*(X$/*.=(1&$(;41*+$%.(;4$00.;.=("<%R( "(<%$<%,.(;<.;.(1&("+.*,.%("**:,&+.%&$('.**.()1%"('.*(6"&,2 4$),$(',(Y"&(c,"4$)$("**"(7$)/"(.(4@,.;.(.($++.&&.(4@.( ",()"*"+,(4@.("#.;;.%$(#$*1+$(>%.81.&+"%*$(&$&(#.&,;;.(,&2 ;.3&"+$(&1**"=()"(;$*$().;;$("(',;<$;,0,$&.(>$3*,=(4$*$%,(.( <.&&.**,( 4@.( >$%&,#"( *1,( ;+.;;$( .( 4@.( '$#.#"&$( .;;.%.( ',( $++,)"( 81"*,+9I( H<%R( ,&$*+%.( 1&"( ;1441%;"*.( &.**"( +.&1+"( '.**"()$3*,.(;1*(*"3$(',(c"%'"=(;<.%,).&+"&'$(4$&(3*,("%2

(6)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 6 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( +,;+,d<"0,.&+,( "&4@.( ,*( *"#$%$( '.**"( 4.%"),4"( ";;,.).( "**:"),4$( "%+,;+"( B,&$( -";+"3&"I( Z&"131%?( 4$;R( 1&( &1$#$( ).+$'$( 4@.( &$&( .%"( 81.**$( '.*( ;$*,+$( 4$%;$( ',( <,++1%"( $( 81.**$( '.**:1;$( ',"3&$;+,4$( '.*( ',;.3&$( .( +"&+$).&$( *:$>>.%+"( ',( 1&( <.%4$%;$( <;,4$+.%"<,4$=( )"( 1&( #.%$( .( <%$2 <%,$(,&41/"+$%.(',(*,/.%"(;<.%,).&+"0,$&.("%+,;+,4"I((

T&"(;$*"(%.3$*"(81,&',e(&.;;1&(,&;.3&").&+$=()"(',#.%;,( )"+.%,"*,("(',;<$;,0,$&.(<.%(1&:";;$*1+"(*,/.%+9(.;<%.;;,#"I(( Z&( 81.;+$( "+.*,.%=( 4$).( J( &$+$=( .).%;.( *"( >,31%"( ',( -"%*$( f,&.**,=( ;.&0:"*+%$( 1&$( '.,( <,M( ,)<$%+"&+,( "%+,;+,( /%1+( ',( +1++,(,(+.)<,=(1&$('.,(<,M(<%.;+,3,$;,(.;<$&.&+,('.**"(4$**.2 0,$&.(',(F1/1>>.+I((

W"( %,4$%'"+$( 4@.( 81.;+$( "+.*,.%( 4$&+"#"( "*+%,( "%+,;+,( ,&+.2 %.;;"&+,=(,(81"*,(<1%+%$<<$(;$&$(;+"+,($;41%"+,('"*(3%"&'.( ;144.;;$( '.*( <,M( 3%"&'.( f,&.**,I( a33,=( <.%?=( ;.( #$*.;;,)$( ).++.%*,( "( 4$&>%$&+$( 4$&( 3*,( "1+$%,( <,M( 4$&$;4,1+,( '.3*,( "+.*,.%($<.%"+,#,(;,"(;1*(+.%%,+$%,$(&"0,$&"*.(4@.(.;+.%$=(&.( <$+%.))$("<<%.00"%.(;.&0:"*+%$(*"(3%"&',;;,)"(81"*,+9I(( ( ( ( 5,3I( A( g( H%+,4$*$( 4$)<"%;$( ;1**"( PF$).&,4"( '.*( -$%%,.%.Q( ;1**:"+.*,.%(',(Y"&(c,"4$)$("**"(7$)/"(

(7)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 7 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( ( 5,3I(D(g(-"%*$(f,&.**,=(3-,4%$)*)"&"=(5$&'"0,$&.(f,&.**,I( ( ( 5,3I(E(g(-"%*$(f,&.**,=(3-,4%$)*)"&"=(5$&'"0,$&.(f,&.**,I( (

(8)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 8 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B(

Y$&$( "%+,;+,( "&4$%"( +1++,( '"( ;4$<%,%.=( &$&$;+"&+.( ;,"( <";2 ;"+$(<,M(',().00$(;.4$*$('"(81.**:.;<.%,.&0"(.(81.**:"+.*,.%( ;,"(&$+$(&.3*,(")/,.&+,(,&+.%&"0,$&"*,('.**:a1+;,'.%(H%+I( F,('1.(',(*$%$=(c,1;.<<.(`,"&4@,(.(F"%,$(G,3@.++,=b_(;$&$( ;+"+.(%.4.&+.).&+.(.;<$;+.(*.($<.%.("**$(;<"0,$(',(%,4.%4"( PZ;$*$(AVQ("(W.%$&"=(";;,.).("'(1&"(4$**.0,$&.(',(<%$<%,.2 +9(',(`,"&4@,=(4@.(+.;+,)$&,"(*:$<.%"("&4@.('.3*,("*+%,( 4$)<"3&,(',("+.*,.%I(6$*+.(<.%;$&.=(4@.(;,($441<"&$('.**"( ( ( ( 5,3I(L(g(c,1;.<<.(`,"&4@,=(3-,4%$)*)"&"=(AbSV2UUI( )"+.%,"( '"( )$*+$( +.)<$=( @"&&$( ',4@,"%"+$( ',( &$&( "#.%( )",("#1+$(<%,)"(*:$44";,$&.(',(#.'.%*.I( H44"&+$("*(;144.;;$("%+,;+,4$('.**:"+.*,.%("<.%+$('"(X$/*.=( 4@.( >1( &$+$( "**.( "#"&31"%',.( 41*+1%"*,( .( "%+,;+,4@.( '.**:.<$4"Ah_{( ;,"( ,+"*,"&.( 4@.( ;+%"&,.%.=( #"( ;$++$*,&."+$( 4@.(}

;,(%.3,;+%"%$&$("&4@.(&$+.#$*,(),3*,$%").&+,(',(;"*1+.('"( <"%+.( '.,( >%.81.&+"+$%,I( -"%*$( f,&.**,=( "'( .;.)<,$=( 4@.( ;,( +%$#"#"(&.*(81,&+$(<"',3*,$&.('.*()"&,4$),$('$#.(4:.%"&$( (( ( 5,3I(S(2(c,1;.<<.(`,"&4@,=(3-,4%$)*)"&"=(AbSV2UUI(

(9)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 9 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( ( ( 5,33I(U2V(g(F"%,$(G,3@.++,=(3-,4%$)*)"&"=(DhhS2DhADI( ( 5,3I(](g(F"%,$(G,3@.++,=(3-,4%$)*)"&"=(DhhS2DhADI( ( ,(<,M(3%"#,=(1&(<$:("**"(#$*+"=('$<$("#.%(,&,0,"+$("(',<,&3.2 %.=(&$&(.//.(<,M(/,;$3&$('.3*,(<;,4$>"%)"4,I(-$;"(81.;+"( <,M(#$*+.(;$++$*,&."+"(<1//*,4").&+.('"**$(<;,4@,"+%"(W,+2 +$%,&$( H&'%.$*,=( "**$%"( ;+1'.&+.( ',( ).',4,&"( .( 3%"&'.( .2 ;+,)"+$%.(.(<%$)$+$%.('.**:$<.%"(',(-"%*$(f,&.**,I(

71++$(81.;+$(4,(@"(4$&#,&+,("'("<%,%.(,&(H44"'.),"("&4@.( 1&( /,.&&,$( ',( ;<.4,"*,00"0,$&.( ,&( a1+,;,'.%( H%+(( N"**:,&+.%&$(('.*((4$%;$((',((<.%>.0,$&").&+$(,&(H%+,(#,;,#.(.((

(10)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 10 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( ( 5,3I(b(g(7,0,"&$(Y<,&.**,=(5&$6-0)*%#*"$7*$8#%,-2( ( '.**$(;<.++"4$*$O(#$*+$("(>$%)"%.(3*,(;+1'.&+,(4$).("+.*,.2 %,;+,(,&(")/,+,(<%$+.++,I( !"( &$;+%"( ,)<$;+"0,$&.( #$*.#"( .;;.%.( 81.**"( .%.',+"+"( '"( X$/*.I(W$*.#")$(>$%)"%.('.,(4$&'1++$%,(,&(3%"'$(',().+2 +.%.("(',;<$;,0,$&.().00,(.(+.4&,4@.(N;$*$(;.(%,4@,.;+.O(<.%( <.%).++.%.("3*,(1+.&+,=(4@.(;<$&+"&.").&+.("%%,#"&$(,&( ( 5,3I(Ah(2(7,0,"&$(Y<,&.**,=(5&$6-0)*%#*"$7*$8#%,-2( ( "+.*,.%=(',( .;<%,).%;,=( ;.&0"(<.%?(,&;.3&"%.( &,.&+.=(;.&0"( 4$&'1%%.=(;.&0"('"%.(+.),(.(+.)<,=(.(',4@,"%"&'$(",().',2 4,(4@.(;,(,&+.&'.($<.%"%.(;.&0"("*41&(,&+.&+$(+.%"<.1+,4$I(( H//,")$( ;+,<1*"+$( 1&"( 4$&#.&0,$&.( 4$&( ',#.%;.( "0,.&'.( ;"&,+"%,.( "<%.&'$( "+.*,.%( 4$&'$++,( '"( ;<.4,"*,00"&',AA_{( ,&(}

(11)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 11 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( ( 5,3I( AA( g( G$/.%+$( -.**,=( 5&$ 9",/*&*"$ 7-&$ :%)*/%,"$ /",$

;%7",,%$-$6%<6*,"=(DhAhI(((

( 5,3I(AD(g(G$/.%+$(-.**,=(=%$;%7",,%$/*#/-,0-=(DhAAI( (

(12)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 12 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( ( 5,3I(AE(g(H*.;;"&'%$(6$&>%,&,=(>#"*6*)"2$ $ &.1%$*$3,4"("(W.%$&"=(6"&+$#"=(7%.&+$I(

Z&( 81.;+,( "+.*,.%=( >%.81.&+"+,( '"( )$*+.( <.%;$&.=( "//,")$( "#1+$( "&4@.( *:.)$0,$&.( ',( ;4$<%,%.( 81"*4@.( "%+,;+"( #.%"2 ).&+.( )$*+$( ,&+.%.;;"&+.( <.%( &$,( .( "&4@.( <.%( *"( 4%,+,4"I( H//,")$(<1%.(;4$<.%+$(4@.(#,(.%"&$("%+,;+,()"*"+,(4@.(#.2 &,#"&$(("((41%"%;,(&.,(4.&+%,('$#.(&$,((3.;+,#")$((*:"+.*,.%=( ( 5,3I(AL(g(H*.;;"&'%$(6$&>%,&,=(>#"*6*)"2( ( )"(4@.(&$&(*$(>%.81.&+"#"&$(<.%4@K(<%.>.%,#"&$(*"#$%"%.=( 4$).("#.#"&$(;.)<%.(>"++$=(,&()$'$("1+$&$)$I(`"++,+$%,( *,/.%,(,&;$))"I( H++%"#.%;$(*:"++,#,+9('.**:a;;.%#"+$%,$(;,")$(%,1;4,+,(<.%?("( ,&4$&+%"%*,(.("('$41).&+"%.(,*(*$%$(*"#$%$(.()$*+,(',(*$%$( ;$&$(;+"+,(,&#,+"+,("'(.;<$%%.(,&()$;+%.((,+"*,"&.((.'((.;+.%.(

(13)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 13 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( ( 5,3I(AS(g(5%"&4.;4$(X"%',=(>"#)-I( ( 4$&(3%"&'.( ;144.;;$I(H*+%,("%+,;+,($1+;,'.%(<%$#.&,.&+,('"( ',#.%;,("*+%,(*1$3@,(3.$3%">,4,(;$&$(;+"+,(;.3&"*"+,('"(',#.%2 ;.(<"%+,(.()$*+,(;,(;$&$(;4$<.%+,(3%"0,.("*(<%$3.++$(',('1.( )$;+%.( 4@.( "#.#"&$( <%$<%,$( *$( ;4$<$( ',( ;4$<%,%.( +"*.&+,( ;.3&"*"+,('",(;.%#,0,(<;,4@,"+%,4,(,+"*,"&,(<.%(<$+.%(4$;R(<%$2( _{5,3I(AU(g(5%"&4.;4$(X"%',=(>"#)-I(}(

(14)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 14 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( ( 5,3I(AV(g(!"(i"**.(Y",&+2B,.%%.("(B"%,3,=(4$&(*.(<$%+.(',(5%"&4.;4$(X"%',I( ( )1$#.%&.(*:$<.%"IAD_{(!:a;;.%#"+$%,$(J("++,#$(,&(81.;+$(;.&2} ;$(.(4$&;.%#"(1&(&1+%,+$("%4@,#,$I( Z*(/,.&&,$(',(;<.4,"*,00"0,$&.( ,&(a1+;,'.%(H%+(&$&(J(;+"+$( )"&+.&1+$( '"**:H44"'.),"( &.**"( ;1"( ,)<$;+"0,$&.( $%,3,2 &"%,"=()"(;,(J()"&+.&1+$(.(")<*,"+$(g("<%.&'$*$(",(',#.%2 ;,(,&',%,00,(g(*:,&;.3&").&+$(',(Y+$%,"(;$4,"*.('.**:"%+.(4$&( 4$%;$()$&$3%">,4$(;1**:a1+;,'.%(H%+I(( ( 5,3I(A](g$Y"*"(,+,&.%"&+.('.*(<%$3.++$(PZ&(#,"33,$Q=(G$)"(DhAAI$ ( -$&(3*,(;+1'.&+,(<,M(,&+.%.;;"+,=(;.&;,/,*,(.('$+"+,(;,(4$&+,2 &1"("(*"#$%"%.(;1**"(#,"(+%"44,"+"=(4$&#,&+,(4$)1&81.(4@.( *"( ),3*,$%.( 4$;"( 4@.( ;,( <$;;"( >"%.=( 81"&'$( ;,( <%$)1$#.( 1&:"++,#,+9("%+,;+,4"(,&(1&(*1$3$(',(41%"=(;,"(81.**"(',(">>,2 '"%*"( "'( 1&( "%+,;+"I( !"( <%"+,4"( .( *:.;<.%,.&0"( %.4.&+.( ),( @"&&$("&4@.(4$&#,&+"(4@.=(;.(;,(%,.;4.=(J("&4$%"AE_().3*,$2

(15)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 15 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( ( 5,3I(Ab(g$Y"*"(,+,&.%"&+.('.*(<%$3.++$(PZ&(#,"33,$Q=(B"*.%)$(DhAA( ( 81"*.(J(3,9(',(;1$=(;+%1++1%"*).&+.=(*,/.%$('"(%.3$*.(%,3,'.I( H( +"*.( <%$<$;,+$( 4,+$( *:.;<.%,.&0"( 4$&( -"+.%,&"( 6"%,&.**,=( 1&"( ;+%"$%',&"%,"( ;41*+%,4.( ',( 4"&,=( 4@.( J( ;+"+"( ;.3&"*"+"( "**:a;;.%#"+$%,$(',(a1+;,'.%(H%+('"(1&(;,3&$%.(4@.(@"("#12 +$(*"(>$%+1&"(',(4$&$;4.%*"(<"%.44@,("&&,(>"I(

i$( ">>,'"+$( "**"( 6"%,&.**,( *"( 4$&'10,$&.( ',( *"/$%"+$%,( ',( 4%.+"(<.%(<"0,.&+,(&.1%$*$3,4,(,&(>";.(%,"/,*,+"+,#"I(!:@$(>"+2 +"( 4$**"/$%"%.( &.**"( 4$&',0,$&.( ',( "+.*,.%( >%.81.&+"+,( '"( "%+,;+,()"*"+,I(i$(%."*,00"+$(4$&(*.,(,&;+"**"0,$&,(.(<.%>$%2 )"&4.(':"%+.I(

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

(16)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 16 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( ( 5,3I(Dh(2(-"+.%,&"(6"%,&.**,=(<.%>$%)"&4.('"#"&+,("(Dhh( <;,4@,"+%,=()"33,$(DhADI( ( 5,3I(DA(2(-"+.%,&"(6"%,&.**,=(5&$;%0)*,"I(

(17)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 17 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( ( 5,3I(DD(2(-"+.%,&"(6"%,&.**,=(=%$7-!-/%4*",-2( (

<$;,0,$&.( 3.%"%4@,4"I( X$&( 4$%%.33.=( &$&( +%$#"( &1**"( ',( ;/"3*,"+$=(#.'.(,&($3&,(.%%$%.(+.4&,4$("*+%.++"&+.(<$;;,/,*,2 +9( .;<%.;;,#.=( ;1( +1++$( @"( 1&$( ;31"%'$( *,/.%$=( <%.&;,*.( .( >.4$&'$I( G.4.&+.).&+.(,&$*+%.=(-"+.%,&"(6"%,&.**,(),(@"(">>,"&4"+$( ,&(1&"(<.%>$%)"&4.(',("%+.(4$**.++,#"AL_{(,&(41,((@"((4$&'$++$((} ( 5,3I(DE(2(-"+.%,&"(6"%,&.**,=(=%$&"))%2( ( '1.4.&+$(<;,4@,"+%,("(4$;+%1,%.($3&1&$(1&(4"&.(;.31.&'$( *.(;1.(,&',4"0,$&,(;1(1&()"j,;4@.%)$I([1.;+$(@"(>"++$(;R( 4@.( >$;;.( *.,( *:,&;.3&"&+.( .( *$%$( ,( ',;4.&+,=( .( 4@.( 3*,( <;,2 4@,"+%,(<$+.;;.%$(4"*"%;,(&.**"(<"%+.(',(81.,(<"0,.&+,(4@.('"( *$%$(#.&3$&$(,&#,+"+,("(>%.81.&+"%.(,(*"/$%"+$%,(.;<%.;;,#,( '.,(4.&+%,('$#.(*"#$%"&$I( (

(18)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 18 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( ( (

5,3I( DL( g( -"+.%,&"( 6"%,&.**,( 4$&'14.( Dhh( <;,4@,"+%,( "( %."*,00"%.(1&(4"&.(',(4%.+"=()"33,$(DhADI((

(

Z*(%,;1*+"+$(J(;+"+$(.;"*+"&+.(<.%(+1++,I(c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

^44$( <.%4@K=( &.,( *1$3@,( ',( 41%"=( &$,( <$;;,")$( 4$.%.&+.2 ).&+.(>"%.("%+.(;$*$(<.%(*:"%+.I(

( (

(19)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 19 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( Xa7^( ( A_{(Z&+.%#.&.&'$(4$&(3*,(1+.&+,(;1**.(4$&>$%)"0,$&,('.,(;.&+,.%,(',()$&2} +"3&"I D_{([1.;+$(3,"%',&$(&.*(41$%.(;+$%,4$(',(7%.&+$( #,.&.(4$*+,#"+$('",(<"2} 0,.&+,(&.1%$*$3,4,(<.%(+1++"(*"(4,++"',&"&0"=(,&(1&(<%$3.++$(")/,.&+"*.( .'(.;+.+,4$(4@.(;,(4@,")"(P-1%,")$(,*(3,"%',&$(4@.(4,(41%"QI E_{([1.;+,("+.*,.%(#.&3$&$(4$&'$++,('"("%+,;+,()$*+$(',#.%;,(+%"(*$%$(N>$2} +$3%">,=( "++$%,=( <,++$%,=( ',;.3&"+$%,=( 3%">,4,=( <.%>$%).%=( #,'.$)"k.%=( $1+;,'.%OI L_{(H**"(81"*.(#,.&.(%,4$&$;4,1+"(1&"(,&',;41+,/,*.(4"<"4,+9(+.%"<.1+,4"I(} Z&(81.;+$(4";$(;"%.//.(<,M(4$%%.++$(<.%?(<"%*"%.(',(P+.%"<,"('.**:"%+.QI S_{(H(81.;+$(;,("33,1&3"("&4@.(4@.()$*+,(,&#.4.(4@,")"&$(P"%+.+.%"<,"Q=(} ,&()$'$("*+%.++"&+$(,)<%$<%,$=($3&,("++,#,+9(;#$*+"(4$&()"+,+.(.(4$*$%,( "**:,&+.%&$(',(1&(*1$3$(',(41%"(I(

U_{( X.*( -.&+%$( 5%"&4"( 6"%+,&,( ',( 7%.&+$=( 4$).( ',4.#$( ,&( "<.%+1%"=( *.(} "%+,+.%"<,.( ;$&$( %.3$*"%).&+.( "'$++"+.( &.,( <%$4.;;,( ',( 41%"( .( 81,&',( )$*+,( ;$&$( ,( '"+,( ',( 4$)<"%"0,$&.( 4@.( @$( "( ',;<$;,0,$&.( <.%( <$+.%( 4$&>%$&+"%.( ,( %,;1*+"+,( $++.&1+,( 4$&( 81.**,( $++.&1+,( ,&#.4.( '"( 1+.&+,( "%+,;+,(4@.(;,(3,$#"&$('.**"(>$%0"(+.%"<.1+,4"('.**:"%+.(,&(;KI(

U_{(Z(%,;1*+"+,=(;.(#,(;$&$=(;,(<$;;$&$(4$&;+"+"%.(;$*$("**"(>,&.('.*(<%$4.;2} ;$(4%."+,#$=(,&(81"&+$(&$&(;$&$(&K(<%$3%"))"/,*,(.(&.<<1%.(<%.#.',2

/,*,(.j("&+.I(B$;;$&$=(.#.&+1"*).&+.=(;$*$(.;;.%.("1;<,4"/,*,I(

]_{( 7.)<$( *,/.%$( ',( 41,( ',;<$&3$&$( ,&( "//$&'"&0"( '$<$( *:,&;$%3.&0"(} '.**"()"*"++,"(.(*"(4$&;.31.&+.(<.%',+"('.3*,($//*,3@,(*"#$%"+,#,(.(4@.(,( ;.%#,0,( ;$4,"*,( ;,( ;.&+$&$( ,&( '$#.%.( ',( %,.)<,%.=( "&4@.( ;.( ;,( +%$#"&$( 4$&(<$4@.(%,;$%;.(.4$&$),4@.("(',;<$;,0,$&.I

b_{(F"%,$(G,3@.++,(',<,&3.(%.3$*"%).&+.("&4$%"($33,=(<%$;.31.&'$(4$.2} %.&+.).&+.( *"( ;1"( %,4.%4"I( Z( ;1$,( ',<,&+,( N$*+%.( VhhO( ).%,+.%.//.%$( 1&"( <.%;$&"*.( ,&( 81"*4@.( *1$3$( <%.;+,3,$;$=( .;;.&'$( '"##.%$( $<.%.( ;+%"$%',&"%,.I

Ah_{(a*+%.("**:"<<%.00").&+$('.**.($<.%.(',(f,&.**,('"(<"%+.(',(F1/1>>.+(.(} `%.+$&=(',(81.;+$("+.*,.%(<"%*"%$&$(H*/.%+$(6$%"#,"=(-"),**"(-.'.%&"( .(F,&$(`100"+,(4@.(41%?(,*(4"+"*$3$('.**"(<%,)"()$;+%"('.**:"+.*,.%("**"( c"**.%,"(P!"(-$%&,4.Q("(W.%$&"(&.*(AbSVI

AA_{( T&"( #$*+"( ',<*$)"+,=( 81.;+,( ;$&$( ;+"+,( ";;1&+,( '"( 4$$<.%"+,#.( 4@.(} >$%&,;4$&$(;.%#,0,("**.("0,.&'.(;"&,+"%,.(.(@"&&$(4$&+,&1"+$("(;#$*3.%.( *"(*$%$("++,#,+9(',(4$&'1++$%,(&.3*,("+.*,.%("<.%+,('1%"&+.(,*(/,.&&,$(',( ;<.4,"*,00"0,$&.I(!:H44"'.),"(@"(4$&+,&1"+$("(>$%&,%.(4$;+"&+.).&+.( "(+,+$*$(3%"+1,+$(;1<.%#,;,$&.(.(4$&;1*.&0"I AD_{((PH*4@,),.('.**:H%+.Q=(B"*"00$('.**"(G"3,$&.=(W.%$&"=(DhAhI(Z&(81.2} ;+"()$;+%"(;$&$(;+"+.(.;<$;+.(Lhh($<.%.(',("%+,;+,($1+;,'.%('.*(7%,#.2 &.+$I(PZ&(W,"33,$Q=()$;+%.(%."*,00"+.(,&(Ah(4,++9(,+"*,"&.e(6,*"&$=(c.2 &$#"=(7$%,&$=(7%.#,;$=(-%.)$&"=(H&4$&"=(G$)"=(/"%,=(-"+"&0"%$=(B"2

(20)

F"&,.*"(G$;,( H%+.(&$&(4$).().00$()"(4$).(>,&.( ( ( ! "#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%! &!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786! 20 ! &9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B( *.%)$I(H&&$(DhAAI(^;<$;+.(*.($<.%.(',(SD("%+,;+,(;.3&"*"+,('"(<"%+.('.,( ;.%#,0,(',(;"*1+.().&+"*.(',(+1++"(Z+"*,"=("**:,&+.%&$(',(1&(<%$3.++$(,+,2 &.%"&+.("&+,;+,3)"=(4@.(<%.#.'.#"(*"(>$%)"0,$&.('.,().',4,(.(,*(4$&2 >%$&+$(4$&(*:$<,&,$&.(<1//*,4"(;1*(+.)"('.*(',;"3,$(<;,4@,4$I( AE_{(-$;"(4@.("//,")$("#1+$()$'$(',(;<.%,).&+"%.(,&(<,M($44";,$&,I} AL_{( -$%;$( ',( >$%)"0,$&.( <.%( ).',4,( <;,4@,"+%,( PY@"<.( +@.( 51+1%.Q( "(} -@,"(!"31&"=(-"3*,"%,=()"33,$(DhADI(