• Non ci sono risultati.

Living Lab and Cities as Smart Specialisation Strategies Engine

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Condividi "Living Lab and Cities as Smart Specialisation Strategies Engine"

Copied!
8
0
0

Testo completo

(1)

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 223 ( 2016 ) 915 – 922

ScienceDirect

1877-0428 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ISTH2020 doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.315

QG,QWHUQDWLRQDO6\PSRVLXP1(:0(75232/,7$13(563(&7,9(66WUDWHJLFSODQQLQJ

VSDWLDOSODQQLQJHFRQRPLFSURJUDPVDQGGHFLVLRQVXSSRUWWRROVWKURXJKWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI

+RUL]RQ(XURSH,67+5HJJLR&DODEULD ,WDO\ 0D\

/LYLQJ/DEDQG&LWLHVDV6PDUW6SHFLDOLVDWLRQ6WUDWHJLHV(QJLQH

&DUPHOLQD%HYLODFTXD

D

3DVTXDOH3L]]LPHQWL

D



a

CLUDsLAB - PAU Department Università degli Studi Mediterranea, Salita Melissari, Reggio Calabria 89124 Italy

$EVWUDFW

7KH SDSHU UHIOHFWV WKH SURJUHVVLYH DWWHQWLRQ JLYHQ WR 6PDUW 6SHFLDOL]DWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV 6  LQ ERRVWLQJ WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI (XURSHVWUDWHJ\DWUHJLRQDODQGORFDOOHYHO7KHDLPLVWRIRFXVRQWKHSRWHQWLDOVWKDWWKHVRFDOOHG/LYLQJ/DEVFDQUHYHDOE\ FRQQHFWLQJWKHXUEDQUHJHQHUDWLRQZLWKWKH6FRQVLGHULQJWKHFXUUHQW(XURSHDQSURJUDPPLQJSHULRG7KH/LYLQJ/DEEDVHGRQ 2SHQ,QQRYDWLRQ0RGHOLVFRQFHLYHGDV³VPDUWLQWHUIDFH´DPRQJHQWHUSULVHVUHVHDUFKHUVFLWL]HQVDQGSXEOLFDXWKRULWLHVLQRUGHU WRUHVSRQGWKHLQFUHDVLQJVHUYLFHGHPDQGWRVWLPXODWHFUHDWLYLW\IRUQHZLGHDVPDUNHWVZLWKWKHXVHRI.(7V,WFRPELQHVVSDWLDO GLPHQVLRQZLWKLQQRYDWLRQ ‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI,67+ Keywords:8UEDQ5HJHQHUDWLRQ/LYLQJ/DE6SDWLDO'LPHQVLRQ6PDUW6SHFLDOLVDWLRQ6WUDWHJLHV7HUULWRULDO&DSLWDO7HUULWRULDO0LOLHX ,QWURGXFWLRQ

7KH SDSHU UHIOHFWV WKH SURJUHVVLYH DWWHQWLRQ JLYHQ WR 6PDUW 6SHFLDOL]DWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV 6  LQ ERRVWLQJ WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI(XURSHVWUDWHJ\DWUHJLRQDODQGORFDOOHYHO )RUD\ 7KHREMHFWLYHLVWRKLJKOLJKWWKH UROHWKDW/LYLQJ/DEFDQSOD\DVVPDUWSODWIRUPDEOHWRDFWLYDWHWKHWKUHHGLPHQVLRQRILQQRYDWLRQEXVLQHVVSXEOLF DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ WHUULWRULHV ± ZLWKLQ JRYHUQDQFH SURFHVVHV :H DUJXH WKDW D VWURQJ FRQQHFWLRQ RI ORFDO WHUULWRULDO FDSLWDO ZLWK LQQRYDWLRQ FDQ EHWWHU VXSSRUW WKH QHZ SROLF\ DUHDV 6  IRU NQRZOHGJHEDVHG HFRQRP\ VLQFH JRYHUQDQFHSURFHVVHVDFWGLIIHUHQWO\JLYHQWKHGLYHUVLILFDWLRQRIORFDOWHUULWRULDOFDSLWDO &DPDJQL &DSHOOR  7KH PDLQ LQVLJKW FRPHV IURP WKH ILUVW UHVXOWV RI WKH 0$36/(' SURMHFW ³0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ DSSURDFK WR 3ODQ 6PDUW6SHFLDOLVDWLRQ6WUDWHJLHVIRU/RFDO'HYHORSPHQW´ 0DSV/HG ILQDOLVHGDWLGHQWLI\LQJWKH



&DUPHOLQD%HYLODFTXD7HO

E-mail address:FEHYLODF#XQLUFLW

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

(2)

LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH6LQWHUPVRIVSDWLDOVRFLDODQGHQYLURQPHQWDOIDFWRUV7KHDLPLVWRJXLGHWKHLQWHUYHQWLRQV RI UHJLRQDO SROLF\ ZLWKLQ WKH 2SHUDWLYH 3URJUDPV RI (6,)  DORQJ ZLWK WKH 5,6 5HVHDUFK ,QQRYDWLRQ 6PDUW6SHFLDOLVDWLRQ6WUDWHJLHV UHJLRQDOSODQV7KHVFRSHRIWKHSURMHFWLVWRH[DPLQHKRZ6FDQEHLPSOHPHQWHG E\LQFRUSRUDWLQJDSODFHEDVHGGLPHQVLRQ0RUHLQSDUWLFXODUWKHDLPRIWKHSURMHFWLVWRSURYLGHDUHVSRQVHWRWKH GHPDQG IRU ³D FRPSUHKHQVLYH LQQRYDWLRQ VWUDWHJ\ WR HQKDQFH (XURSH¶V FDSDFLW\ WR GHOLYHU VPDUW VXVWDLQDEOH DQG LQFOXVLYH JURZWK DQG KLJKOLJKWV WKH FRQFHSW RI VPDUW VSHFLDOLVDWLRQ DV D ZD\ WR DFKLHYH WKHVH JRDOV´ 6SODWIRUPMUFHFHXURSDHX $QHYLGHQFHEDVHGPHWKRGRORJ\E\GUDZLQJLQVLJKWVIURPH[LVWLQJVXFFHVVIXO 86 &OXVWHUV KDV EHHQXVHGIRU WKH HYDOXDWLRQ PDWUL[ IRUUHFRJQL]LQJ DQG DVVHVVLQJ HPHUJLQJ DQG SRWHQWLDO RI 6 7KHJHQHUDOWUDFNRIWKHSURMHFWLVWRLPSOHPHQWVPDUWVSHFLDOLVDWLRQDVDNH\HOHPHQWIRUSODFHEDVHGUHJHQHUDWLRQ SROLFLHVIRUORFDOHFRQRPLFDUHDV7KHFDVHVWXGLHV¶DQDO\VLVRI86&OXVWHUVKDVSRLQWHGRXWKRZVSDWLDOIDFWRUV± ORFDOL]DWLRQ RI XQLYHUVLWLHV UHDO HVWDWH FRQGLWLRQV KRXVLQJ SXEOLF WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ VHUYLFHV¶ VXSSO\ ±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³LGHQWLW\´DQG³LQQRYDWLRQ´FRQFHSWV7KHFRPELQDWLRQRIWKHVH WZR FRQFHSWV DOORZV GHVLJQLQJ WKH ORFDO GHYHORSPHQW LQLWLDWLYHVE\ LQFRUSRUDWLQJ WKH 0LOLHX ,QQRYDWHXU FRQFHSW WRZDUGVDPRUHLQFOXVLYHFRQFHSWRI³ORFDO´DEOHWRFDSWXUHGLIIHUHQWOHYHORILQQRYDWLRQIORZV¶LQWHQVLW\H[SORUHGDV 7HUULWRULDO 0LOLHX7KH /LYLQJ /DE DV ³VPDUW´ UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ RI WKH WHUULWRULDO FDSLWDO FDQ ILQG LWV FRQFHSWXDO FRQILJXUDWLRQ LQWKH LQWHUFRQQHFWLRQ RI WKUHH GULYHUV  &OXVWHU 3ROLF\ DQG FOXVWHU EDVHG DQDO\VLV WR LQWHUSUHW DQG HYDOXDWHWKHSHUIRUPDQFHIDFWRUVLQIOXHQFLQJWKHSURGXFWLRQDQGWKHLQQRYDWLRQXVDJH7HUULWRULDOPLOLHXWRLGHQWLI\ ORFDO LQQRYDWLRQ IORZV EDVHG RQ XUEDQUXUDO FRQQHFWRUV  8UEDQ7HUULWRULDO 5HJHQHUDWLRQ WR LPSURYH VHUYLFHV VXSSO\ LQ D PXOWLVFDOH GLPHQVLRQ ORFDO YV JOREDO 7KH PHWKRGRORJLFDO DSSURDFK XVHV WKH QHWZRUNLQJ DQDO\VLV ± IURPERWKSK\VLFDODQGVRFLDOVLGHV±LQRUGHUWRSURYLGHDFRQILJXUDWLRQRIJRYHUQDQFHSURFHVVHVUHODWHGWRDVSHFLILF FRQWH[W ZLWK D VSHFLDOLVDWLRQ GRPDLQV WR EH DFWLYDWHG DFFRUGLQJ WR UHJLRQDO 5,6 :H SURSRVH D SUHOLPLQDU\ H[DPSOHIRUWZRVRXWKHUQ,WDOLDQUHJLRQV &DODEULDDQG6LFLO\ LQZKLFKWKHWKUHHGULYHUVDERYHPHQWLRQHGFDQWULJJHU D ORFDO GLVFRYHU\ SURFHVV GLUHFWO\ FRQQHFWHG ZLWK FLWLHVDFWLQJ RQ WKH WKUHH GLPHQVLRQ RI LQQRYDWLRQ ± SXEOLF DGPLQLVWUDWLRQHQWHUSULVHVWHUULWRULHV±LQRUGHUWREXLOGXSV\QHUJLFQHWZRUNV,&75 'DQGWHUULWRULDOFDSLWDO

&LWLHVDVHQJLQHRI6PDUW6SHFLDOLVDWLRQ6WUDWHJLHV

2.1. Identity and Innovation: an interpretation of Local Development towards Territorial Milieu

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p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

(3)

SURFHVVHV GHSHQGV RQ LWV FDSDFLW\ WR SURPRWH ORFDO LQLWLDWLYHV WR FUHDWH D ZHDYH RI QHZ IRUPVDQG WR DFWLYDWH D WHUULWRULDOG\QDPLFRILQQRYDWLRQ %UDPDQWL 

7KHDWWHQWLRQWRZDUGLQQRYDWLRQDQGLWVLPSOLFDWLRQVLQSXEOLFSROLFLHVLQRUGHUWRERRVWHFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQWLV QRW D UHODWLYHO\ QHZ FRQFHSW ,WV VWULFWO\ FRQQHFWLRQ ZLWK UHVHDUFK LV ZLGHO\ SURYLGHG E\ OLWHUDWXUH RQ NQRZOHGJH EDVHG HFRQRP\ (&   7KH (XURSHDQ 8QLRQ KDV SODFHG WKLV FRQFHSW DW WKH FRUH RI WKH (XURSHDQ &RKHVLRQ 3ROLF\LQVZLWKWKH/LVERQ6WUDWHJ\LQWURGXFLQJVWUDWHJLFPHDVXUHVDLPLQJDWWKHWUDQVLWLRQIURPDWUDGLWLRQDO HFRQRP\WRDNQRZOHGJHEDVHGHFRQRP\ 'DYLG )RUD\ ,QWKH(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQHU3RWRþ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³5HVHDUFKDQG,QQRYDWLRQ´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

7KHWKHRUHWLFDOEDVLVRIWKHWHUULWRULDOPLOLHXSURSRVHGDVLQWHJUDWLRQEHWZHHQORFDOLGHQWLW\DQGLQQRYDWLRQDULVHV IURPWKH*5(0,PRGHOZKLFKLQWURGXFHGWKHFRQFHSWRI0LOLHX,QQRYDWHXU7KHWHUULWRULDOPLOLHXZLWKLQWHJUDWHG XUEDQWHUULWRULDOPDQDJHPHQWWRROVGLVWULEXWHVFRPSHWLWLYHDGYDQWDJHVWKURXJKWKHQHWZRUNZKLOHDYRLGLQJWKHULVN RIFUHDWLQJGLVSDULWLHVEHWZHHQDUHDV¶ZLQQHUVDQGORVHUVLQDFRPSHWLWLYHWHUULWRULDOV\VWHP8UEDQUHJHQHUDWLRQLQ WHUPV RI XVLQJ WKH LQWHJUDWHG PDQDJHPHQW WRROV DFWLQJ RQ VWUHQJWKHQLQJ XUEDQUXUDO QHWZRUNV SURPRWHV D PRUH HTXLWDEOHJHRJUDSKLFGLVWULEXWLRQRIVHUYLFHVDQGDZLGHUVSUHDGJHQHUDWHGEHQHILWV &/8'V 

2.2. Living Lab: a synopsis literature

7KHUHLQIRUFHGFRQQHFWLYLW\WKHVRFLDOPHGLDUHOHYDQFHLQGDLO\OLIHDQGWKHIDFLOLWDWHGDFFHVVWRWKHWHFKQRORJLFDO SURGXFWVPDUNHWKDYHDVWURQJLPSDFWRQFLWL]HQ¶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³XVDJH´ RI LQQRYDWLRQ WKH /LYLQJ /DE EHFDPHWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIKRZLWLVSRVVLEOHWRPDWFKLQQRYDWLRQGHPDQGDQGVXSSO\

(4)

/LYLQJ/DEVDUHGHILQHGDV³SXEOLF±SULYDWHSDUWQHUVKLSVLQZKLFKEXVLQHVVHVUHVHDUFKHUVDXWKRULWLHVDQGFLWL]HQV ZRUNWRJHWKHUIRUWKHFUHDWLRQYDOLGDWLRQDQGWHVWRIQHZVHUYLFHVEXVLQHVVLGHDVPDUNHWVDQGWHFKQRORJLHVLQUHDO OLIH FRQWH[WV´ %HUJYDOO.DUHERUQ HW DO   7KH (XURSHDQ 1HWZRUNRI /LYLQJ /DE GHILQH WKHP DV ³LQQRYDWLRQ RULHQWHG RSHQ HQYLURQPHQW IRU UHDO FRQWH[WV LQ ZKLFK WKH XVHUGULYHQ LQQRYDWLRQ LV UHSUHVHQWHG E\ WKH FRFUHDWLYH SURFHVV RI QHZ VHUYLFHV SURGXFWV VRFLDO LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV LQFOXGLQJ VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ WKH VRFLDO DQG WHFKQRORJLFDO GLPHQVLRQ ZLWKLQ WKH EXVLQHVVHVFLWL]HQVDGPLQLVWUDWLRQVDFDGHPLD SDUWQHUVKLS´ %HUJYDOO.DUHERUQ  6WDKOEURVW  $OWKRXJKWKHFRPPRQ/LYLQJ/DEV¶GHILQLWLRQVUHIHUVWRWKHLUXVHUGULYHQQDWXUHUHODWHGWRWKHWHFKQRORJLFDO GLPHQVLRQ:HVWHUOXQGDQG/HPLQHP  FRQIHUDOVRDWHUULWRULDOGLPHQVLRQWR/LYLQJ/DEV7KHDXWKRUVGHILQH WKHP DV ³SK\VLFDO UHJLRQV « ZKHUH GLIIHUHQW VWDNHKROGHUV EXLOG XS SXEOLFSULYDWHSHRSOH SDUWQHUVKLS 3V  RI EXVLQHVVHVSXEOLFDJHQFLHVXQLYHUVLWLHVLQVWLWXWLRQVDQGXVHUVZKLFKFRRSHUDWHLQRUGHUWRFUHDWHSURWRW\SHYDOLGDWH DQG WHVW QHZ WHFKQRORJLHV VHUYLFHV SURGXFWV DQG V\VWHPV IRU WKH UHDO OLIH´ ,Q WKLV SHUVSHFWLYH WKH VSDWLDO DQG SODQQLQJGLPHQVLRQRI6RFFXUVWKDQNVWRWKH/LYLQJ/DEZLWKLQWKHXUEDQDQGWHUULWRULDOUHJHQHUDWLRQDFWLRQVLQ ZKLFK ³KHWHURJHQHRXV FRPSRVLWLRQV RI SXEOLF DQG SULYDWH DFWRUV WHUULWRULDO UHVRXUFHV DQG LQVWLWXWLRQDO FDSDELOLWLHV VWDQGRXW´ 5RVVL &HODWD 

7KHFRQFHSWRI/LYLQJ/DEVFDQEHLQWHUSUHWHGDQGXVHGDVDQDSSURDFKWR5 'IRFXVHGRQWKHLQGLYLGXDOZKHUH LQQRYDWLRQVDUHFRFUHDWHGWHVWHGDQGHYDOXDWHGLQ³RSHQ´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

8UEDQUHJHQHUDWLRQDVVSDWLDOGLPHQVLRQRI/LYLQJ/DE

3.1. Governance and Innovation flows: the logical frame of Living Lab

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

7KHORFDOGHYHORSPHQWVWUDWHJLHVZLWKLQWKHQHZJRYHUQDQFH 7|PPHO 9HUGXQ DUHH[SHFWHGWRVXSSRUW DQGWULJJHU³VHOISURSHOOHG´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±(XURSHDQ1DWLRQDODQG5HJLRQDO±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³JRYHUQDQFH´DQG³VRFLHW\FRPPXQLW\´

(5)

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

)LJ7KH/RJLFDO)UDPHRI/LYLQJ/DE

3.2. From Regional to Local level: how Living Lab becomes a smart platform for cities

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³WKH (XURSHDQ &RPPLVVLRQ¶V &RPPXQLFDWLRQ DERXW (8 HTXLW\ DQG GHEW SODWIRUPV GHVFULEHV ,Q),V DV

(6)

³SDUWLFLSDWLRQVLQHTXLW\ ULVNFDSLWDO IXQGVJXDUDQWHHVWRORFDOEDQNV¶OHQGLQJWRILQDOEHQHILFLDULHVRUULVN VKDULQJ ZLWK ILQDQFLDO LQVWLWXWLRQV WR ERRVW LQYHVWPHQW LQ ODUJH LQIUDVWUXFWXUH SURMHFWV 7KHVH LQVWUXPHQWV DLP WR ERRVWWKHUHDOHFRQRP\WKURXJKLQFUHDVLQJWKHDFFHVVWRILQDQFHIRUHQWHUSULVHVDQGLQGXVWULHVSURGXFLQJJRRGVDQG VHUYLFHV´ )HUUHUHWDO 

:H DUJXH WKDW D /LYLQJ /DE FRQFHSWXDOL]HG E\ WKH ORJLFDO IUDPH )LJ   FDQ DFW DV VPDUW SODWIRUP DW PHWURSROLWDQ DUHD WKURXJKWKH FRPELQDWLRQ RI WKH WKUHH GULYHUV VHH )LJ  7KH ILUVW GULYHU ³&OXVWHU SROLF\ DQG &OXVWHU$QDO\VLV´SURGXFHVWKH³FRQFHSWDUHD´RIWKHWZRUHJLRQVDVWKHFRPELQDWLRQRIWZRVSDWLDOLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRI &OXVWHUDQDO\VLV6HWWOHPHQW'\QDPLFVDQG6WUDWHJLF3RWHQWLDO$UHDVDVUHSUHVHQWHGLQ)LJ



)LJ7KH&RQFHSWDUHD6HWWOHPHQW'\QDPLFVDQG6WUDWHJLF3ODWIRUPV±&DODEULDDQG6LFLO\UHJLRQV

7KH VHFRQG GULYHU ³7HUULWRULDO 0LOLHX´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

(7)

LQQRYDWLRQ LV PHW DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH IRUPV RI 3UHFRPPHUFLDO SXEOLF SURFXUHPHQW DQG SURFXUHPHQW RI LQQRYDWLRQ PRUHVXLWDEOHWRVSHFLILFQHHGV$WWKHOHYHORIILUPVWKHXVHRI,QQRYDWLYH)LQDQFLDO,QVWUXPHQWVLVVWULFWO\FRQQHFWHG ZLWK WKH GLIIHUHQW NLQG RI SURMHFWV UHOHYDQW E\ VSHFLILF FRQWH[W 7KH SRZHU ]RQHV GULYH WKH GLIIHUHQW ³PL[ RI ILQDQFLQJ LQVWUXPHQWV LQFOXGLQJ JUDQWV ORDQV RU UHYROYLQJ IXQGV LQ RUGHU WR PRUH HIILFLHQWO\ XVH (8 UHVRXUFHV´ )HUUHUHWDO ,QSDUWLFXODUDFFRUGLQJWRWKHWZR5,6UHJLRQDOSODQVWKHUHJHQHUDWLRQWUDFNDOORZVWRVLPSOLI\ WKHH[DQWHHYDOXDWLRQRI,Q),V$WWKHOHYHORIWKHWHUULWRULHVWKHSRZHU]RQHVDOORZWKHLPSURYHPHQWRILQQRYDWLYH IRUPVRI3XEOLF3ULYDWH3DUWQHUVKLSIRUWKHSK\VLFDOFKDQJHVDQGWKHVRFLDODQGSURGXFWLYHSHUVSHFWLYHRIXUEDQUXUDO UHJHQHUDWLRQJLYLQJSDUWLFXODUDWWHQWLRQWRWKHUROHRIQRQSURILWRUJDQLVDWLRQVLQWKHIRUPRI333 )LJ/LYLQJ/DE±3ROLF\$UHD &RQFOXVLRQV 

7KH SDSHU KLJKOLJKWV WKH SRWHQWLDOV RI WKH /LYLQJ /DE SODWIRUP WR FRQFHSWXDOLVH WKH WHUULWRULDO GLPHQVLRQ RI 5HVHDUFKDQG,QQRYDWLRQUHJLRQDOSROLFLHV7KHSDSHULQGHHGGHSLFWVSUHOLPLQDU\ILQGLQJVRIDQRQJRLQJUHVHDUFK

$PRQJWKHZLGHOLVWRIGLIIHUHQWFRQWULEXWLRQVLQOLWHUDWXUHDERXWWKHFRQFHSWRI/LYLQJ/DEZHFRQVLGHUHGWKH IROORZLQJJLYHQE\%HUJYDOO.nUHERUQHWDO  ³$/LYLQJ/DELVDXVHUFHQWULFLQQRYDWLRQPLOLHXEXLOWRQHYHU\ GD\ SUDFWLFH DQG UHVHDUFK ZLWK DQ DSSURDFK WKDW IDFLOLWDWHV XVHU LQIOXHQFH LQ RSHQ DQG GLVWULEXWHG LQQRYDWLRQ SURFHVVHVHQJDJLQJDOOUHOHYDQWSDUWQHUVLQUHDOOLIHFRQWH[WVDLPLQJWRFUHDWHVXVWDLQDEOHYDOXHV´6XFKGHILQLWLRQ DOORZVWRLQFRUSRUDWHWKHVSDWLDOGLPHQVLRQE\FRQVLGHULQJWKHQHZJRYHUQDQFHSURFHVV 7|PPHO 9HUGXQ  DQG WKH FRPSRQHQWV RI WHUULWRULDO FDSLWDOVWUHVVLQJ KRZ LW LV LPSRUWDQW WR XQGHUVWDQG WKH GLIIHUHQW GLVWULEXWLRQ RI NQRZOHGJH DQG LQQRYDWLRQ IORZV LQ SDUWLFXODU FRQWH[WV $GGLWLRQDOO\ ZH FRQVLGHUHG FUXFLDO ZKDW )RUD\   DUJXHGDERXWWKHUROHRI6ZLWKLQ&RKHVLRQ3ROLF\³7KHEDVLFLGHDJRYHUQLQJWKHJHQHUDOL]HGDGRSWLRQRIVPDUW VSHFLDOL]DWLRQVWUDWHJLHVZLWKLQWKHIUDPHZRUNRI&RKHVLRQ3ROLF\ZDVWRHIIHFWDFKDQJHRISDUDGLJPLQWKHZD\LQ ZKLFK WKHVH UHJLRQDO LQQRYDWLRQ SROLFLHV ZHUH VWUXFWXUHG WKH JRDO LV QRZ WR HQFRXUDJH HDFK UHJLRQ WR LGHQWLI\ WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ SULRULWLHV WKDW UHIOHFW DQG DPSOLI\ H[LVWLQJ ORFDO VWUXFWXUHV DQG FRPSHWHQFHV DQG WKXV SURGXFH RULJLQDODQGXQLTXHFRPSHWLWLYHDGYDQWDJHV´:HUHDVRQHGWKDWWKHPLVVLQJOLQNLQSXWWLQJLQSUDFWLFHWKHSULQFLSOHV DQGWKHLQQRYDWLYHSURFHVVRI6ZLWKLQGHYHORSPHQWSROLF\ &RKHVLRQ3ROLF\WKHUHE\ LVWKHVSDWLDOGLPHQVLRQ

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³VPDUW´ PDQDJHPHQW RI XUEDQ  UXUDO VSDFH WKURXJK D G\QDPLF PDSSLQJ RIDUHDV ZLWK KLJKHU SRWHQWLDO RI GHYHORSPHQW RI KXEV VXFKDVORJLVWLFVGLVWULEXWLRQFHQWUHVDQGVSHFLDOL]HGVHUYLFHV ZKLFKWDNHWKHIRUPRILQQRYDWLRQSRZHU]RQHV

(8)

$FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV

0$36/('SURMHFWJUDQWHGE\+RUL]RQ±([FHOOHQFHLQ6FLHQFH0DULH6NáRGRZVND&XULH5,6(

5HIHUHQFHV

%HUJYDOO.DUHERUQ%+ROVW06WDKOEURVW$  &RQFHSW'HVLJQZLWKD/LYLQJ/DE$SSURDFK. QG+DZDLL,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ 6\VWHP6FLHQFHV%LJ,VODQG+,86$

%HUJYDOO.DUHERUQ % 6WDKOEURVW $   /LYLQJ /DE DQ RSHQ DQG FLWL]HQFHQWULF DSSURDFK IRU LQQRYDWLRQ International Journal and

Regional Development, 4, 356–370 %HUJYDOO.nUHERUQ%(ULNVVRQ&,6WnKOEU|VW$6YHQVVRQ-  $ PLOLHXIRULQQRYDWLRQ±GHILQLQJOLYLQJODEVQG,63,0,QQRYDWLRQ 6\PSRVLXP1HZ<RUN1<86$ %UDPDQWL$  )URPVSDFHWR7HUULWRU\5HODWLRQDO'HYHORSPHQWDQG7HUULWRULDO&RPSHWLWLYHQHVV60(VDQGGLVWULFWVK\EULGJRYHUQDQFH IRUPVNQRZOHGJHFUHDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\WUDQVIHU&DVWHOODQ]D1RYHPEHU &DPDJQL5&DSHOOR5  5HJLRQDO&RPSHWLWLYHQHVVDQG7HUULWRULDO&DSLWDO$&RQFHSWXDO$SSURDFKDQG(PSLULFDO(YLGHQFHIURPWKH (XURSHDQ8QLRQRegional Studies,47, 1383-1402

&KHVEURXJK+  2SHQ,QQRYDWLRQ7KHQHZLPSHUDWLYHIRUFUHDWLQJDQGSURILWLQJIURPWHFKQRORJ\Harvard Business School Press, 163

51–59

&KHVEURXJK+  2SHQ,QQRYDWLRQ$1HZSDUDGLJPIRUXQGHUVWDQGLQJLQGXVWULDOLQQRYDWLRQ7RDSSHDULQ&KHVEURXJK+9DQKDYHUEHNH ::HVW- (GV Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

&/8'V SURMHFW   6HFRQG 6FLHQWLILF 5HSRUW 6XVWDLQDEOH 8UEDQ 'HYHORSPHQW 7KH UROH RI XUEDQ UHJHQHUDWLRQ LQ UHJLRQDO FRQWH[WV. 7FP

Marie Curie Actions People IRSES Project N. 269142 CLUDs-Commercial Local Urban District Programme &ROOLQV+  Tacit and Explicit Knowledge&KLFDJRDQG/RQGRQ8QLYHUVLW\RI&KLFDJR3UHVV

&RVJUDYH ( $UEXWKQRW . 7U\IRQDV 7   /LYLQJ /DEV ,QQRYDWLRQ 'LVWULFWV DQG ,QIRUPDWLRQ 0DUNHWSODFH $ 6\VWHPV $SSURDFK IRU 6PDUW&LWLHV&RQIHUHQFHRQ6\VWHPV(QJLQHHULQJ5HVHDUFK &6(5¶ $WODQWD*$86$

'DYLG3)RUD\'  (FRQRPLF)XQGDPHQWDOVRIWKH.QRZOHGJH6RFLHW\Policy Future in Education, 120–49.

'HOJDGR 0 3RUWHU 0 6WHUQ 6   &OXVWHU *RYHUQDQFH DQG (FRQRPLF 3HUIRUPDQFH &DPEULGJH 1DWLRQDO %XUHDX RI (FRQRPLF 5HVHDUFK

'RORUHX[ ' 3DUWR 6   5HJLRQDO LQQRYDWLRQ V\VWHPV &XUUHQW GLVFRXUVH DQG XQUHVROYHG LVVXHVJournal of Technology in Society 260,

133-153

(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ  ,QQRYDWLRQ3ROLF\LQD.QRZOHGJH%DVHG(FRQRP\$0HULW6WXG\&RPPLVVLRQHGE\WKH(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ (QWHUSULVH'LUHFWRUDWH*HQHUDO3XEOLFDWLRQQR(85RIWKH&RPPLVVLRQRIWKH(XURSHDQ&RPPXQLWLHV/X[HPERXUJ

(XURSHDQ &RPPLVVLRQ   $ QHZ IUDPHZRUN IRU WKH QH[W JHQHUDWLRQ RI LQQRYDWLYH ILQDQFLDO LQVWUXPHQWV ± WKH (8 HTXLW\ DQG GHEW SODWIRUPV &20  ILQDO 

(XURSHDQ &RPPLVVLRQ   7KH UROH RI FOXVWHUV LQ VPDUW VSHFLDOLVDWLRQ VWUDWHJLHV 'LUHFWRUDWH *HQHUDO IRU 5HVHDUFK DQG ,QQRYDWLRQ /X[HPERXUJ3XEOLFDWLRQV2IILFHRIWKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ

)DOXGL$  (8URSHDQLVDWLRQRU(XURSHDQLVDWLRQRI6SDWLDO3ODQQLQJPlanning Theory and Practice, 15155–169

)HUUHU-19RONHU\$:LWKDQD60HGDURYD%HUJVWURP.  7KH8VHRI,QQRYDWLYH)LQDQFLDO,QVWUXPHQWVIRU)LQDQFLQJ(83ROLFLHV DQG2EMHFWLYHV,PSOLFDWLRQVIRU(8DQG1DWLRQDO%XGJHWVBrussels, Centre for European Policy Studies, 79, 18-23

)RUD\ ' 'DYLG 3 +DOO %   6PDUW 6SHFLDOLVDWLRQ 7KH &RQFHSW Knowledge Economists Policy Brief No.9, June

(http://ec.europa.eu/invest-in-research/monitoring/knowledge_en.htm).

)RUD\ '   6PDUW 6SHFLDOLVDWLRQ 2SSRUWXQLWLHV DQG FKDOOHQJHV IRU UHJLRQDO LQQRYDWLRQ SROLF\ Regional Studies Association, Routledge,

105, 2-7

0DLOODW'  7HUULWRULDOG\QDPLFLQQRYDWLYHPLOLHXVDQGUHJLRQDOSROLF\. Journal: Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 7, 157-165 0$36/('SURMHFW  )LUVW6FLHQWLILF5HSRUW5HVHDUFKDQG,QQRYDWLRQ6WUDWHJLHVLQ&OXVWHU3ROLFLHVHORIZON 2020- Marie

Sklodowska-Curie RISE Project MAPS-LED-Multidisciplinary Approach to Plan Smart Specialisation Strategies for Local Economic Development.

5RVVL 8 &HODWD )   5HWKLQNLQJ UHJLRQDO GHYHORSPHQW SROLFLHV LQ ,WDO\ D WHUULWRULDOUHODWLRQDO DSSURDFK Archivio di Studi Urbani e

Regionali, 112, 11–33

6SODWIRUPMUFHFHXURSDHX  Home - Smart Specialisation Platform>RQOLQH@$YDLODEOHDWKWWSVSODWIRUPMUFHFHXURSDHX>$FFHVVHG )HE@

6DODPRQ/0  The Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance. 2[IRUG2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV 6FRWW-  6RFLDO1HWZRUNLQJ$QDO\VLV UGHG /RQGRQ6DJH

7|PPHO,   0RGHVRI*RYHUQDQFHDQGWKH ,QVWLWXWLRQDO6WUXFWXUHRIWKH(XURSHDQ 8QLRQ,Q7|PPHO,9HUGXQ $ (GV Innovative

Governance in the European Union: The Politics of Multilevel Policymaking (pp. 9-23). %RXOGHU&2/\QQH5LHQQHU3XEOLVKHU.

7|PPHO , 9HUGXQ $   ,QQRYDWLYH *RYHUQDQFH LQ WKH (XURSHDQ 8QLRQ 7KH 3ROLWLFV RI 0XOWLOHYHO 3ROLF\PDNLQJ (GV  %RXOGHU &2 /\QQH5LHQQHU3XEOLVKHU

:HVWHUOXQG 0  /HPLQHP 6   0DQDJLQJ WKH FKDOOHQJHV RI EHFRPLQJ DQ RSHQ LQQRYDWLRQ FRPSDQ\ H[SHULHQFHV IURP /LYLQJ /DEV

Technology Innovation Management Review19-25

Riferimenti

Documenti correlati

albopictusDEXQGDQFHRQWKHEDVLVRIGDWDIURPVHDVRQDO URXQGPRQLWRULQJFDUULHGRXWRYHUPXOWLSOH\HDUVDFURVVDQGEH\RQGWKHXUEDQDUHDRI5RPHDQG %DUL$ILQHVFDOH

In the second step, the available cloud resources and their management policy are considered. As costs are dictated by the usage of resources in time and volume, the number of VMs

 try to implement the concept and the requirement of quality within the school; For this purpose educational initiatives could be expected, managers and teachers to introduce

Come spesso accade, è Heinrich Heine a cogliere con lo sguardo più acuto le contraddizioni im- plicite nella modernizzazione realizzata attraverso la tecnica, quando, nelle pagine

This may suggest that the charging process does not depend only on the grain size but also on the grain composition; (c) there is a very strong and fast feedback between sand /

The snow parameters used as inputs for implementing the model are partially derived from ground measurements (snow depth and snow density) and partially randomly generated

Since the Buchberger algorithm implemented with MAPLE turns out to be more efficient when running by usual term orders, the use of global procedures PolyMilnor and PolyTyurina has to

The total sugar concentration obtained with the single and double dosing strategy was comparatively higher compared to that achieved with the other two