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Corso di Laurea magistrale

in Storia delle Arti

e Conservazione dei Beni Artistici

Tesi di Laurea

Donne, libri e cultura musicale nell'arte del XVIII e

XIX secolo.

Relatore

Professoressa Adriana Guarnieri

Correlatore

Professoressa Maria Ida Biggi

Laureanda

Vanessa Flammini

Matricola 810258

Anno Accademico

2011 / 2012!

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! 98!

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(25)

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(26)

! 9I!

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(27)

! 9J!

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(28)

! 9B!

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! 9E!

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(33)

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(34)

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(36)

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