• Non ci sono risultati.

2WWLPL]]D]LRQHGHOOH SUHVWD]LRQL

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Condividi "2WWLPL]]D]LRQHGHOOH SUHVWD]LRQL"

Copied!
14
0
0

Testo completo

(1)

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3URJHWWD]LRQHDOLYHOORGL

PLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD

$FXUDGL

/XFD%UHYHJOLHUL *LXVHSSH3R]]L 'RQDWHOOD6FLXWR

DEIPoliMI0LODQR

OXFDEUHYHJOLHULJLXVHSSHSR]]LGRQDWHOODVFLXWR#SROLPLLW

 YHUVLRQHGHOO¶DSULOH

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3URJHWWD]LRQHDOLYHOOR GLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

2WWLPL]]D]LRQHGHOOH SUHVWD]LRQL

‡ %LEOLRJUDILD

7DQHQEDXP $6 *RRGPDQ -5

³$UFKLWHWWXUDGHLFRPSXWHU  8QDSSURFFLR

VWUXWWXUDWR´

3UHQWLFH +DOO ,QWHUQDWLRQDO SDUDJUDIR

‡ 6RPPDULR

‡ 3UREOHPDWLFKHGLSURJHWWD]LRQHFRVWL YVSUHVWD]LRQL

‡ $UFKLWHWWXUDDWUHEXV

‡ 3LSHOLQLQJ

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

0LFURDUFKLWHWWXUD0LF

SHIFTER H OPC TOS CPP LV SP

PC MDR MAR

MBR

N

2 6

ALU ALU Z

SHIFT

MAIN MEMORY

9 per la scrittura dal BUS C

9 per la lettura sul BUS B (codificati a 4 bit) 8 per il controllo di ALU e SHIFTER 2 per la lettura/scrittura della memoria 1 per la lettura tramite PC/MBR Segnali di controllo

(2)

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

&RVWL YV SUHVWD]LRQL

‡ 'HILQL]LRQHGHOOD PLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD

GLSHQGHGDXQFRPSURPHVVRWUDFRVWLH

SUHVWD]LRQL

‡ ,QFUHPHQWRGHOODSUHVWD]LRQL

GHWHUPLQDWRGD

¾ 7HFQRORJLD

¾ $UFKLWHWWXUD

‡ &RVWLGLIILFLOLGDGHILQLUH SURJHWWR

GLPHQVLRQLSURGX]LRQHUHVD

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

,QFUHPHQWRGHOOHSUHVWD]LRQL

‡ ,SRWHVLGHILQLWHWHFQRORJLDH,6$

‡ $SSURFFL PLFURDUFKLWHWWXUDOL SHU

PLJOLRUDUHSUHVWD]LRQL

¾ 5LGX]LRQHGHOQXPHURGLFLFOLGL FORFN SHU

O¶HVHFX]LRQHGLRJQLLVWUX]LRQH

¾ 5LGX]LRQHGHOODGXUDWDGHOFLFORGL FORFN VHPSOLILFDQGRO¶RUJDQL]]D]LRQH

GHOO¶DUFKLWHWWXUD

¾ 6RYUDSSRVL]LRQHGHOO¶HVHFX]LRQHGHOOH

LVWUX]LRQL SLSHOLQLQJ

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

(VHFX]LRQHGLXQ¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ /¶HVHFX]LRQHGLRJQLLVWUX]LRQHULFKLHGH

‡ /HWWXUDGHOO¶LVWUX]LRQHGDOODPHPRULD

‡ 'HFRGLILFDGHLFDPSLGHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ ,QWHUPLQLGL PLFURLVWUX]LRQL

‡ 3&SDVVDDWWUDYHUVROD$/8HYLHQH

LQFUHPHQWDWR

‡ 3&YLHQHXVDWRSHUOHJJHUHLOE\WHVHJXHQWH

QHOSURJUDPPD

‡ 3&HG$/8YHQJRQRXVDWLSHUOHJJHUHJOL

HYHQWXDOL RSHUDQGL

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

8WLOL]]RGHOOHULVRUVH

‡ /D$/8qXWLOL]]DWDSHUGLYHUVLFLFOLGL FORFN

‡ 3HURSHUD]LRQLQRQOHJDWHDOODHVHFX]LRQH

GLXQDLVWUX]LRQHPDSLXWWRVWRDOVXR

FDULFDPHQWR

‡ &RPHFROOHJDPHQWRSHUFRSLDUHXQYDORUH

GDXQUHJLVWURDGXQDOWURVHQ]DVYROJHUH

DOFXQDRSHUD]LRQH

‡ &LzFRPSRUWDXQQRWHYROHVSUHFRGL

WHPSR

(3)

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

5LGX]LRQHGHOQXPHURGLFLFOL

GL FORFN

‡ 5HSOLFD]LRQH GLPRGXOLKDUGZDUHSHUHYLWDUH

FRQIOLWWLGLULVRUVH

‡ 6ROX]LRQH,QVHULUHXQ VRPPDWRUH DJJLXQWLYR SHU

LQFUHPHQWDUHLO3&

‡ &RVWRVRLQWHUPLQLGLDUHDVXOVLOLFLR

' QRQVLYHULILFDXQYDQWDJJLRVRVWDQ]LDOHLQFUHPHQWRGHO

3&DYYLHQHGXUDQWHODIDVHGLOHWWXUDGHOO¶LVWUX]LRQHH

TXLQGLOD$/8QRQqLPSHJQDWD

‡ 6ROX]LRQH$JJLXQJHUHSHUFRUVLDGGL]LRQDOL

‡ $GHVHPSLRSHUFRUVLGD726D0'5RYLFHYHUVD

‡ $XPHQWRGHOQXPHURGHLVHJQDOLGLFRQWUROOR

‡ 0LFURLVWUX]LRQL H PLFURFRGLFH SLFRPSOHVVL

‡ 6ROX]LRQH$JJLXQJHUHXQEXVDGGL]LRQDOH

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

$UFKLWHWWXUDDWUHEXV

‡ /HRSHUD]LRQLDULWPHWLFKHULFKLHGRQR

‡ 8QSULPRFLFORGL FORFN SHUFDULFDUHXQRSHUDQGR

QHOUHJLVWUR+

‡ 'XUDQWHWDOHFLFOROD$/8YLHQHXVDWDVRORFRPH

FRQQHVVLRQH

‡ 8QVHFRQGRFLFORGL FORFN SHUHVHJXLUHO¶RSHUD]LRQH

‡ 8QSRVVLELOHPLJOLRUDPHQWRFRQVLVWHQHO

UHQGHUHSRVVLELOHODFRQQHVVLRQHGLUHWWDGL

WXWWLLUHJLVWULFRQHQWUDPELJOLLQJUHVVLGDWL

GHOOD$/8

‡ 4XHVWDVROX]LRQHULFKLHGHO¶DJJLXQWDGLXQ

XOWHULRUHEXV

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

$UFKLWHWWXUDDWUHEXV

‡ /¶DUFKLWHWWXUDULVXOWDQWHqSHUWDQWRGHWWD

DWUHEXV

‡ %86$ /HWWXUDGHLUHJLVWUL VXOO¶RSHUDQGR $GHOOD$/8

‡ %86% /HWWXUDGHLUHJLVWUL VXOO¶RSHUDQGR %GHOOD$/8

‡ %86& 6FULWWXUDGHOO¶XVFLWDGHOOD$/8

H 6KLIWHU VXLUHJLVWUL

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

$UFKLWHWWXUDDWUHEXV 0LF

SHIFTER H

OPC TOS CPP LV SP

PC MDR MAR

MBR

N

2 6

ALU ALU Z

SHIFT

MAIN MEMORY

BUS C

BUS A BUS B

(4)

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

)RUPDWRPLFURLVWUX]LRQL EXV

NEXT_ADDRESS J M P C J A M N J A M Z S L L 8 S R A 1 F 0 F 1 E N A E N B I N V A I N C H

O P C T O S C P P L V S P P C M D R M A R W R IT E R E A D F E T C H

B Bus (9) (3) (8) (9) (3) (4) (4) ADDRESS JAM ALU C Mem B A

B bus, A bus registers: 0=MDR, 1=PC, 2=MBR, 3=MBRU, 4=SP, 5=LV, 6=CPP, 7=TOS, 8=OPC, 9-15 unused A Bus

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

$UFKLWHWWXUDDWUHEXV

‡ 1RWHYROHULVSDUPLRLQWHUPLQLGLFLFOLGL FORFN

‡ (VHPSLR

MDR=TOS+SP

‡ $UFKLWHWWXUDDGXHEXV

‡ 7 Read SP, Write H

‡ 7 Read TOS, ALU=ADD, Write MDR

‡ $UFKLWHWWXUDDWUHEXV

‡ 7 ReadA SP, ReadB TOS, ALU=ADD, Write MDR

‡ ,QPROWHLVWUX]LRQLOD$/8YLHQH

VHPSOLFHPHQWHXVDWDSHUFRSLDUHLOYDORUHGD

XQUHJLVWURDOUHJLVWURWHPSRUDQHR

H

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

5LGX]LRQHGHOQXPHURGLFLFOL

GL FORFN

‡ 5LGX]LRQHGHOQXPHURGLFLFOLQHFHVVDULD

OHJJHUHOHLVWUX]LRQL IDVHGL IHWFK

¾ 1HFHVVDULDODVRYUDSSRVL]LRQHGHOO¶HVHFX]LRQH

GHOOHLVWUX]LRQL

‡ 6HSDUDUHLFLUFXLWLGL IHWFK GDOGDWD SDWK SULQFLSDOHXWLOL]]DQGRXQDXQLWjIXQ]LRQDOH

VSHFLDOL]]DWD

¾ 3RUWDGHOODPHPRULDGLELWHLUHJLVWUL0%5H3&

SHUOHJJHUHLQPRGRLQGLSHQGHQWHLOFRGLFH

RSHUDWLYRRO¶RSHUDQGRVHJXHQWH

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3UHIHWFKLQJ

‡ ,QWURGX]LRQHGLXQDXQLWjGHGLFDWDSHUODIDVH

GL IHWFK

‡ ,QJUDGRGLJHVWLUHLO SURJUDPFRXQWHU DXWRQRPDPHQWH

‡ ,QJUDGRGLOHJJHUHDOFXQLE\WHGDOODPHPRULD

SULPDFKHVLDQRHIIHWWLYDPHQWHQHFHVVDUL

‡ 1RQPROWRFRVWRVDLQWHUPLQLGLDUHDVXOVLOLFLR

‡ /¶XQLWjDJJLXQWLYDqGHWWD ,QVWUXFWLRQ)HWFK

8QLW R,)8

(5)

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

,QVWUXFWLRQ)HWFK8QLW

/¶XQLWjVYROJHOHVHJXHQWLRSHUD]LRQL

‡ *HVWLRQHGHO SURJUDPFRXQWHU

‡ /HWWXUDGLE\WHGDOODPHPRULD

‡ $VVHPEODJJLRGL RSHUDQGL DRELW

‡ 3HUIDUHFLzOD,)8

‡ /HJJHLGXHE\WHVXFFHVVLYL

‡ 5HQGHGLVSRQLELOHLOE\WHVXFFHVVLYR ELW

‡ 5HQGHGLVSRQLELOLGXHE\WHVXFFHVVLYL ELW

‡ /¶XQLWjSULQFLSDOHGLHVHFX]LRQHULFKLHGHLE\WH

QHFHVVDUL

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

,QVWUXFWLRQ)HWFK8QLW

MAIN MEMORY

Inc1

PC Inc12

BUS C BUS B

MBR1 MBR2

IMAR Instruction Fetch Unit

Shifter

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3UHIHWFKLQJ

MBR1

‡ 0DQWLHQHO¶XOWLPRE\WHOHWWR MBR2

‡ 0DQWLHQHJOLXOWLPLE\WHOHWWL Shifter

‡ 0DQWLHQHE\WHOHWWLGDOOD

PHPRULD IMAR

‡ 5HJLVWURGHGLFDWRSHULO SUHIHWFK

‡ &RQWLHQHO¶LQGLUL]]RGDFXLOHJJHUH Inc12

‡ ,QFUHPHQWDGLR

Inc1

‡ ,QFUHPHQWDGL

Inc1

PC Inc12

BUS C BUS B

MBR1 MBR2

IMAR Instruction Fetch Unit

Shifter

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3UHIHWFKLQJ 0LF

SHIFTER H

OPC TOS CPP LV SP

PC MDR MAR

MBR1

N

2 6

ALU ALU Z

SHIFT

MAIN MEMORY

BUS C

BUS A BUS B

MBR2

IFU

(6)

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

)RUPDWRPLFURLVWUX]LRQL0LF

NEXT_ADDRESS J M P C J A M N J A M Z S L L 8 S R A 1 F 0 F 1 E N A E N B I N V A I N C H

O P C T O S C P P L V S P P C M D R M A R W R IT E R E A D F E T C H

B Bus (9) (3) (8) (9) (3) (4) (4) ADDRESS JAM ALU C Mem B A

B bus, A bus registers: 0=MDR, 1=PC, 2=MBR1, 3=MBR1U, 4=SP, 5=LV, 6=CPP, 7=TOS, 8=OPC, 9=MBR2, A=MBR2U A Bus

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

/HWWXUDGDOODPHPRULD

‡ ,)8UHVSRQVDELOHSHUODOHWWXUDGHO

IOXVVRGLE\WH

‡ 8WLOL]]DODSRUWDFRQYHQ]LRQDOHGDE\WH

‡ /HJJHSDUROHLQWHUHGLE\WHSULPDGHO

QHFHVVDULR

‡ &DULFDLE\WHFRQVHFXWLYLQHOUHJLVWURGL VKLIW

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

)XQ]LRQHGHOOR VKLIWHU

‡ ,OUHJLVWURDVFRUULPHQWRGHOOD,)8FKLDPDWR 6KLIWHU

‡ 0DQWLHQHXQDFRGDGLE\WHOHWWLGDPHPRULDDG

LQGLUL]]LFRQVHFXWLYL

‡ ,OE\WHSLYHFFKLRDOLPHQWD0%5

‡ ,GXHE\WHSLYHFFKLVFDPELDWLGLSRVL]LRQH

DOLPHQWDQR0%5

‡ 2JQLYROWDFKH0%5YLHQHOHWWR 6KLIW VFRUUHGL

XQDSRVL]LRQH

‡ 2JQLYROWDFKH0%5YLHQHOHWWR 6KLIW VFRUUHGL

GXHSRVL]LRQL

‡ 4XDQGRLQ 6KLIW VLKDQQRE\WHYXRWLXQDQXRYD

SDURODYLHQHOHWWD

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

&RQWUROORGHOOD,)8

‡ 4XHVWRFRPSRUWDPHQWRqUHJRODWRGDXQD

PDFFKLQDDVWDWLILQLWL DVWDWL

‡ 2JQLVWDWRUDSSUHVHQWDLOGLE\WHFKHVLWURYDQR

LQTXHOPRPHQWRQHOOR VKLIWHU

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Read MBR1 Read MBR2 Read Memory (4 bytes)

(7)

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3URJUDP&RXQWHU

‡ 8QLWjSULQFLSDOHGLHVHFX]LRQHVFULYHVXO3&

VRORTXDQGRVLGHYHFDPELDUHODVHTXHQ]DGL

HVHFX]LRQHVDOWRRFKLDPDWDDSURFHGXUD

,192.(9,578$/2,5(7851 

‡ ,)8GHYHPDQWHQHUHDJJLRUQDWRLO3&

‡ 3&FRQWLHQHVHPSUHO¶LQGLUL]]RGHOSULPRE\WH

QRQFRQVXPDWR

‡ $OO¶LQL]LRGLRJQLLVWUX]LRQH0%5FRQWLHQH

O¶LQGLUL]]RGHOFRGLFHRSHUDWLYRGLTXHOOD

LVWUX]LRQH

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3UHIHWFKLQJ H

PLFURSURJUDPPD]LRQH

‡ 'DOSXQWRGLYLVWDGHOODPLFURSURJUDPPD]LRQH OD,)8

‡ /HJJHO¶LVWUX]LRQHVXFFHVVLYDLQMBR1

‡ 3UHSDUDJOLHYHQWXDOL RSHUDQGL LQMBR2

‡ 4XLQGL

‡ 6SDULVFHLO PLFURFRGLFH SHULO IHWFK GHOOH LVWUX]RQL

‡ 6SDULVFHLOVDOWRDMAIN1DOODILQHGLRJQL PLFURSURFHGXUD

‡ ,O IHWFK H GHFRGH GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQHVXFFHVVLYDYLHQH

HVHJXLWRVHPSOLFHPHQWHGDOOD PLFURLVWUX]LRQH goto (MBR1)DOODILQHGLRJQL PLFURSURFHGXUD

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3UHIHWFKLQJ

‡ 8QDWDOHDUFKLWHWWXUDFRPSRUWDDOFXQL

FRQWUROOLDJJLXQWLYL

‡ ,OUHJLVWUR

MBR2

GHYHFRQWHQHUHGXHE\WH

TXDQGRYLHQHOHWWR

‡ /R VKLIWHU GHYHDWWHQGHUHODILQHGHOOD

OHWWXUDGDOODPHPRULD

‡ 8QD,)8UHDOHqSLFRPSOHVVDGLTXHOOD

PRVWUDWD

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3UHIHWFKLQJ(VHPSLR

‡ ,VWUX]LRQH

BIPUSH

‡ 6LJQLILFDWR

‡ /HJJHLQMBRLOE\WHVXFFHVVLYR DOO¶RSFRGHBIPUSH

‡ (VWHQGHLOVHJQR

‡ 0HWWHLOE\WHLQMBRVXOODFLPDGHOOR VWDFN

‡ 0LFURFRGLFH

BIPUSH1 SP=MAR=SP+1;

Label Microcode

BIPUSH2 PC=PC+1; Read

BIPUSH3 MDR=TOS=MBR1; Write; goto MAIN1

Questa operazione è svolta autonomamente dalla unità di prefetch

(8)

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

&RQFOXVLRQL

‡ /¶LQWURGX]LRQHGHOEXV$HGHOODXQLWjGL SUHIHWFKLQJ KDPLJOLRUDWROHSUHVWD]LRQL

GHOO¶DUFKLWHWWXUDSHUGXHPRWLYL

‡ 1RQqQHFHVVDULRFDULFDUHXQRSHUDQGRDOODYROWD

SHUXVDUHOD$/8

‡ 1RQqQHFHVVDULRXVDUHOD$/8SHUFDULFDUH

LVWUX]LRQLH RSHUDQGL

‡ 4XHVWRFRPSRUWDXQDULGX]LRQHGHOQXPHUR

PHGLRGL PLFURLVWUX]LRQL SHURJQLLVWUX]LRQHD

OLYHOOR,6$

‡ 6LKDTXLQGLXQDXPHQWRGHOSDUDOOHOLVPR

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

,QFUHPHQWRGHOOHSUHVWD]LRQL

‡ 3HUPLJOLRUDUHXOWHULRUPHQWHOH

SUHVWD]LRQLVLSXz

‡ 5LGXUUHLOSHULRGRGL FORFN

‡ $XPHQWDUHXOWHULRUPHQWHLOSDUDOOHOLVPR

ROWUHD IHWFK HGHVHFX]LRQH

Ö ,QWURGX]LRQHGLXQ SLSHOLQLQJ SL

SURIRQGR

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

5LGX]LRQHGHOSHULRGRGL FORFN

‡ /¶HVHFX]LRQHGLXQD PLFURLVWUX]LRQH FRPSRUWD

‡ /HWWXUDGHLUHJLVWULVXLEXV

‡ (ODERUD]LRQHGHLGDWLGDSDUWHGHOOD$/8H

GHOOR6+,)7(5

‡ 6FULWWXUDGHLULVXOWDWLQHLUHJLVWUL

‡ /HWUHRSHUD]LRQLGHYRQRVYROJHUVLLQXQ

FLFORGL FORFN

¾ 'HILQLVFHODGXUDWDGHOSHULRGRGL FORFN

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

5LGX]LRQHGHOSHULRGRGL FORFN

‡ 3HUULGXUUHLOSHULRGRGL FORFN qSRVVLELOH

‡ 8WLOL]]DUHXQDWHFQRORJLD WUDQVLVWRU SLYHORFL

‡ (VHJXLUHRSHUD]LRQLSLVHPSOLFLLQRJQLFLFORGL FORFN

‡ &LFORL /HWWXUDGHLUHJLVWULVXLEXV

‡ &LFORL (ODERUD]LRQHGDWLGDSDUWHGHOOD$/8H

GHOOR6+,)7(5

‡ &LFORL 6FULWWXUDGHLULVXOWDWLQHLUHJLVWUL

‡ /DSULPDVROX]LRQHDQFKHVHFRPXQHPHQWH

XWLOL]]DWDQRQULJXDUGDLOSURJHWWRORJLFRR

DUFKLWHWWXUDOH

(9)

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

$UFKLWHWWXUDGHOGDWD SDWK

SLSHOLQH0LF

1XRYDDUFKLWHWWXUDD

WUHEXV

‡ ÊVLPLOHDOOD

SUHFHGHQWH

‡ 8WLOL]]DWUH ODWFK SHU

LVRODUHOHGLYHUVH

VH]LRQLGHOGDWD SDWK

‡ ,WUH ODWFK VRQRVFULWWL

DGRJQLFLFORGL FORFN

SHIFTER N 6

ALU ALU Z

SHIFT 2 Latch C Latch A Latch B

C A B

REGISTERS

IFU

RAM

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

,QWURGX]LRQHGHL ODWFK

‡ 1HFHVVDULWUHFLFOLGL FORFN SHUXWLOL]]DUH

LOGDWD SDWK

‡ &DULFDPHQWRGHL ODWFK $H%GDLUHJLVWUL

‡ )XQ]LRQDPHQWR GHOO¶$/8 H VKLIWHU SHU

VFULYHUHLO ODWFK &

‡ 0HPRUL]]D]LRQHGHOFRQWHQXWRGHO ODWFK &

QHLUHJLVWUL

0D

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

,QWURGX]LRQHGHL ODWFK

‡ &LFORGL FORFN GHWHUPLQDWRGDOULWDUGRPDVVLPR

WUDOHWWXUDHVFULWWXUDQHLUHJLVWUL

‡ 5LWDUGRPDVVLPRRUDqSLEUHYHÖ IUHTXHQ]DGHO FORFN SL HOHYDWD

‡ (VHPSLRVHGLYLGHQGRLOGDWD SDWK LQWUHVH]LRQLLOFLFORGL FORFN GLYHQWDGHOSUHFHGHQWHODIUHTXHQ]DGL FORFN WULSOLFD $335266,0$=,21(

‡ 6LSRVVRQRXWLOL]]DUHWXWWLLFRPSRQHQWLGHO

GDWD SDWK GXUDQWHXQFLFORGL FORFN SHUFKp

VRQRLQGLSHQGHQWLWUDORUR

‡ (VHPSLR$/8SXzHVVHUHXWLOL]]DWDLQWXWWLLFLFOLGL FORFNWULSOLFDQGRLOODYRUR

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

(VHFX]LRQHGLXQ¶LVWUX]LRQH

&RGLFHGL6:$3SHUDUFKLWHWWXUDDWUHEXV

(10)

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

(VHFX]LRQHGL VZDS FRQ

DUFKLWHWWXUD SLSHOLQH

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3LSHOLQLQJ

‡ ,O SLSHOLQLQJ FRQVHQWHGL

‡ 5LGXUUHLOSHULRGRGL FORFN

‡ /HRSHUD]LRQLVYROWHLQRJQLFLFORVRQRSL

VHPSOLFL

‡ 0DVVLPL]]DUHLOSDUDOOHOLVPR

‡ /HVH]LRQLGHOGDWD SDWK FKHVYROJRQROH

RSHUD]LRQLVHPSOLFLSRVVRQRHVVHUH

RSSRUWXQDPHQWHLVRODWH

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3LSHOLQLQJ

*OLHOHPHQWLGL

LQWHUHVVHVRQR

• IFU:,QVWUXFWLRQ

)HWFK8QLW

• REG:5HJLVWHU )LOH

• A: /DWFKRQ EXV$

• B: /DWFKRQ EXV%

• C: /DWFKRQ EXV&

• ALU:$/8 DQG 6+,)7(5

IFU

REG

A B

ALU C

Stage 1 Stage 2

Stage 3 Stage 4

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3LSHOLQLQJ

‡ 7HPSR7 

‡ 3UHIHWFK GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

IFU

REG

A B

ALU C

INSTR 1

‡ 7HPSR7 

‡ 3UHIHWFK GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ 5HDG5HJ GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

IFU

REG

A B

ALU C

INSTR 2 INSTR 1

(11)

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3LSHOLQLQJ

‡ 7HPSR7 

‡ 3UHIHWFK GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ 5HDG5HJ GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ ([HFXWH GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

IFU

REG

A B

ALU C

INSTR 3

‡ 7HPSR7 

‡ 3UHIHWFK GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ 5HDG5HJ GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ ([HFXWH GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ :ULWH%DFN GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH



INSTR 2

INSTR 1

IFU

REG

A B

ALU C

INSTR 4 INSTR 3

INSTR 2 INSTR 1

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3LSHOLQLQJ

‡ 7HPSR7 

‡ 3UHIHWFK GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ 5HDG5HJ GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ ([HFXWH GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ :ULWH%DFN GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ 7HPSR7 

‡ 3UHIHWFK GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ 5HDG5HJ GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ ([HFXWH GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH

‡ :ULWH%DFN GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQH



IFU

REG

A B

ALU C

INSTR 6 INSTR 5

INSTR 4 INSTR 3

IFU

REG

A B

ALU C

INSTR 5 INSTR 4

INSTR 3 INSTR 2

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

$VSHWWLLPSRUWDQWL

‡ /DSULPD PLFURLVWUX]LRQH ULFKLHGHFLFOLSHU

HVVHUHFRPSOHWDWD

‡ ,OWHPSRGLFRPSOHWDPHQWRGHOODSULPD

PLFURLVWUX]LRQH RHTXLYDOHQWHPHQWHLOWHPSRFKH

XQDLVWUX]LRQHLPSLHJDDGDWWUDYHUVDUHWXWWLJOL

VWDGLGHOOD SLSHOLQH YLHQHGHWWRODWHQ]D

‡ 1HLFLFOLVXFFHVVLYLYLHQHFRPSOHWDWDXQD PLFURLVWUX]LRQH RJQLFLFOR

‡ ,OQXPHURGL PLFURLVWUX]LRQL FRPSOHWDWHSHUXQLWj

GLWHPSRqGHWWR WKURXJKSXW1HOFDVRLGHDOHLO WUKRXJKSXW qSDULDOODIUHTXHQ]DGHO FORFN

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

&DUDWWHULVWLFKHGHO SLSHOLQH

‡ 'RSRXQDIDVHLQL]LDOHWXWWLJOLVWDGL

VRQRVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHXWLOL]]DWL

‡ ,OSDUDOOHOLVPRqPDVVLPL]]DWR

‡ $GRJQLFLFORVRQRLQHVHFX]LRQH

LVWUX]LRQL

‡ 2JQLLVWUX]LRQHVLWURYDLQXQRVWDGLRGL

HODERUD]LRQHGLIIHUHQWH

(12)

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

(VHFX]LRQHLQ SLSHOLQLQJ

Fetch I1 Read I1 Exec I1 Write I1

Fetch I2 Read I2 Exec I2 Write I2

Fetch I3 Read I3 Exec I3 Write I3

Fetch I4 Read I4 Exec I4 Write I4

Fetch I5 Read I5 Exec I5 Write I5

Fetch I6 Read I6 Exec I6 Write I6

Fetch I7 Read I7 Exec I7

Fetch I8 Read I8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 T

Stato della pipeline al tempo T=4

Stato della pipeline al tempo T=6

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3LSHOLQLQJ

‡ 6LD

I1

XQDLVWUX]LRQHFKHLQL]LDDOWHPSRW

• I1OHJJHLUHJLVWULQHOORVWDGLRFLRqDOWHPSRW

• I1VFULYHLUHJLVWULQHOORVWDGLRFLRqDOWHPSRW

‡ 6LD

I2

XQDLVWUX]LRQHFKHLQL]LDDOWHPSRW

• I2OHJJHLUHJLVWULQHOORVWDGLRFLRqDOWHPSRW

• I2VFULYHLUHJLVWULQHOORVWDGLRFLRqDOWHPSRW

‡ 6H

I1

VFULYHXQUHJLVWURFKH

I2

GHYHOHJJHUH

• I1VFULYHUjLOULVXOWDWRQHOUHJLVWURDOWHPSRW

• I2OHJJHUjLOUHJLVWURDOWHPSRW

• I2 OHJJHLOUHJLVWURSULPDFKHI1 ORDEELD

VFULWWR

‡ 4XHVWDVLWXD]LRQHqGHWWDFRQIOLWWR R KD]DUG

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

&RQIOLWWL

‡ (VLWRQR GLYHUVLWLSLGLFRQIOLWWLGRYXWLD

FDXVHGLYHUVH

‡ &RQIOLWWR 5HDG$IWHU:ULWH 5$: KD]DUG

‡ 8QDLVWUX]LRQHWHQWDGLOHJJHUHXQUHJLVWUR

SULPDFKHVLDVWDWRVFULWWR

‡ 6LULVROYHULWDUGDQGRO¶HVHFX]LRQHGHOOD

VHFRQGDLVWUX]LRQH

‡ 8QULWDUGRLQVHULWRGRSRODIDVHGL IHWFK SUHQGHLOQRPHGLVWDOOR

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

&RQIOLWWL

‡ &RQIOLWWRGLFRQWUROOR &RQWUROKD]DUG

‡ 8QDLVWUX]LRQHGLVDOWRSURYRFDVHPSUHXQFRQIOLWWR

GLFRQWUROOR

‡ /¶XQLWjGL IHWFK KDJLjOHWWRO¶LVWUX]LRQHVXFFHVVLYD

VHQ]D WHQHU FRQWRGHOIDWWRFKHLOVDOWRSRWUHEEH

SUHYHQLUQHO¶HVHFX]LRQH

‡ 6LULVROYHLQVHUHQGRXQDLVWUX]LRQHILWWL]LD 123  WUDXQVDOWRHO¶LVWUX]LRQHVHJXHQWH

‡ 3LSHOLQH SLFRPSOHVVH RVWDGL VRQR

VRJJHWWHDQFKHDGDOWULWLSLGLFRQIOLWWL

(13)

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3LSHOLQH DVWDGL 0LF

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

3LSHOLQH DVWDGL

6WDGLR ,QVWUXFWLRQ)HWFK8QLW 6WDGLR 'HFRGHU

6WDGLR &RGD 6WDGLR 2SHUDQGL 6WDGLR (VHFX]LRQH 6WDGLR 5LVFULWWXUD 6WDGLR 0HPRULD

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

5LGX]LRQHGHOQXPHURGLVWDOOL

‡ 6LSXzSURFHGHUHLQGXHPRGLQRQ

PXWXDPHQWHHVFOXVLYL

‡ 6WXGLRGLRSSRUWXQHWHFQLFKHGLFRPSLOD]LRQH

PLUDWHDOODULGX]LRQHGHOQXPHURGLVLWXD]LRQL

SRWHQ]LDOPHQWHFULWLFKHWUDPLWH

‡ 5LRUGLQRGHOOHLVWUX]LRQLQHOULVSHWWRGHOOHGLSHQGHQ]HWUDL

GDWL

‡ ,QWURGX]LRQHGLLVWUX]LRQLILWWL]LH

‡ 5HDOL]]D]LRQHGLXQDXQLWjKDUGZDUHLQJUDGRGL

SUHYHGHUHVLWXD]LRQLFULWLFKHFRQXQVXIILFLHQWH

PDUJLQHGLDQWLFLSR

‡ 5LRUGLQRGLQDPLFRGHOOHLVWUX]LRQL

‡ 3UHGL]LRQHGHLVDOWL

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

%UDQFK3UHGLFWLRQ3UREOHPL

‡ 8QDDUFKLWHWWXUD SLSHOLQH PDVVLPL]]DOH

SUHVWD]LRQLVHLOFRGLFHQRQFRQWLHQH

LVWUX]LRQLGLVDOWR

‡ ,OFRGLFHUHDOHWXWWDYLDKDXQDDOWD

SHUFHQWXDOHGLVDOWLFLUFDXQRRJQL

LVWUX]LRQL

(14)

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

%UDQFK3UHGLFWLRQ

‡ 6DOWLFRQGL]LRQDWL

‡ 1RQqQRWRDSULRULTXDOHVDUjO¶LVWUX]LRQH

VXFFHVVLYD

‡ /¶XQLWjGL IHWFK GHYHDWWHQGHUHLOFRPSOHWDPHQWR

GHOODIDVHGLHVHFX]LRQHGHOO¶LVWUX]LRQHGLVDOWR 

FLFOLQHOO¶HVHPSLRYLVWR

‡ 6DOWLLQFRQGL]LRQDWL

‡ /DGHVWLQD]LRQHqQRWDVHQ]DDPELJXLWj

‡ /¶XQLWjGL IHWFK GHYHDWWHQGHUHLOFRPSOHWDPHQWR

GHOODIDVHGLOHWWXUDGHJOL RSHUDQGL GHOO¶LVWUX]LRQHGL

VDOWR FLFORQHOO¶HVHPSLRYLVWR

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

%UDQFK3UHGLFWLRQ6ROX]LRQL

‡ 6DOWLLQFRQGL]LRQDWL

‡ 8QDXQLWjKDUGZDUHGHGLFDWDKDXQFRVWRPROWR

HOHYDWR

‡ /¶LQGLUL]]RGLGHVWLQD]LRQHqQRWRDOVHFRQGRVWDGLR

GHOOD SLSHOLQH TXLQGLXQDVRODLVWUX]LRQHGRSRLO

VDOWRqJLjVWDWDLQL]LDWD

Fetch Jump

Exec Jump Write

Fetch I2 Read I2 Exec I2 Fetch I3 Salto

Read Target Istruzione successiva

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

%UDQFK3UHGLFWLRQ6ROX]LRQL

‡ 6DOWLFRQGL]LRQDWL

‡ 8QDXQLWjKDUGZDUHGHGLFDWDKDXQFRVWR

PROWRHOHYDWR

‡ /¶HVHFX]LRQHGHLVDOWLFRQGL]LRQDWLULFKLHGH

LOFRPSOHWDPHQWRGLXQQXPHURPDJJLRUH

GLVWDGLGHOODSLSHOLQH

‡ 3LGLXQDLVWUX]LRQHVXFFHVVLYDDOVDOWR

LQL]LDDGHVVHUHHVHJXLWD

 ,QIRUPDWLFD,, ,OOLYHOORGLPLFURDUFKLWHWWXUD  

Riferimenti

Documenti correlati

b) quando, a seguito delle modifiche relative all’attività, un soggetto iscritto nella sezione speciale acquisisce un’ulteriore qualifica della medesima sezione (ad esempio,

ANALISI MATRICIALE DELLE STRUTTURE

Per l'inclusione nei rating MSCI ESG attribuiti ai fondi, il 65% della ponderazione lorda del fondo deve provenire da titoli valutati da MSCI ESG Research (alcune posizioni in

Per l'inclusione nei rating MSCI ESG attribuiti ai fondi, il 65% della ponderazione lorda del fondo deve provenire da titoli valutati da MSCI ESG Research (alcune posizioni in

T6120: - Elevata resistenza all'usura - Ideale nel taglio continuo. T6130: Complementare al grado AH630 e prima scelta per resistenza

[r]

If you or your operator(s) cannot read English have this manual explanained very well before attempting to use the machine. All directions given in this book are as seen from

in profondità e multifunzione, Climatizzatore a controllo automatico, Sistema di ventilazione con display digitale e filtro antipolline a combustione, Comandi audio al volante,