Leader: Claudio TunizCoordinator: Sandro ScandoloParticipants: Federico Bernardini (2019-2021)Place of Work & Collaborations: Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics

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Leader: Claudio Tuniz

Coordinator: Sandro Scandolo

Participants: Federico Bernardini (2019-2021)

Place of Work & Collaborations:

Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics

Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste

University of Trieste, Roma, Chieti, Torino, Siena, Bologna INFN: Firenze, Trieste, LNGS, LANDIS-LNS

University of California, Irvine, USA

Institute for Human Origins, Arizona, USA

Centre for Archaeological Science, University of Wollongong, Australia Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Barcellona

Museums: Trieste, Udine, Trento (MUSE), Pigorini, San Daniele del Po

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Roma, December 2018 1

S.A.P.I.E.N.S

Scienze per l'Archeologia e la Paleoantropologia:

InterpretareE la Nostra Storia

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Papers 2018

Journals

1. F. Bernardini et al., “Polished stone axes from Varna/Nössingbühel and Castelrotto/Grondlboden, South Tyrol (Italy)”, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (2018), DOI: 10.1007/s12520-018-0612-z.

2. F. Bernardini et al., “Discovery of ancient Roman "highway" reveals geomorphic changes in karst environments during historic times”, ( PLoS ONE 13(3): e01949392018).

3. M. Fernandez-Coll et al., “Cranial anatomy of the Early Triassic trematosaurine Angusaurus (Temnospondyli:

Stereospondyli): 3D endocranial insights and phylogenetic implications, Journal of Iberian Geology (2018), DOI: 10.1007/s41513-018-0064-4.

4. T. R. Simões et al., “The origin of squamates revealed by a Middle Triassic lizard from the Italian Alps”, Nature 557 (2018), 706-709.

5. R. Duches et al., Archeological bone injuries by lithic backed projectiles: new evidence on bear hunting from the Late Epigravettian site of Cornafessa rock shelter (Italy), Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (2018),

DOI: 10.1007/s12520-018-0674-y.

6. C. Zanolli et al., “The Middle Pleistocene (MIS 12) human dental remains from Fontana Ranuccio (Latium) and Visogliano (Friuli-Venezia Giulia), Italy. A comparative high resolution endostructural assessment”, PLoS ONE 13(10) (2018): e0189773.

7. I. Casanovas-Vilar et al., “Oldest skeleton of a fossil flying squirrel casts new light on the phylogeny of the group”, eLife Sciences 7:e39270 (2018), DOI: 10.7554/eLife.39270.

8. F. Bernardini, “Polished Stone Axes in Caput Adriae from the Neolithic to the Copper Age”, Journal of World Prehistory, (2018).

9. T. R. Simões et al., “X-ray computed microtomography of Megachirella wachtleri”, Scientific Data 5 (2018):180244, DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.244.

Books or Book chapters

10. F. Bernardini, C. Tuniz, F. Zanini, “X-ray computed micro-tomography for paleoanthropology, archaeology and cultural heritage”, in “Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials for Diagnostic, Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage” (a cura di G. Lazzara e R. Fakhrullin), (2018), Elsevier.

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Project main goals and results achieved in 2018

Contribute to the development and application of advanced physical methods (including x- ray imaging, remote sensing and dating) in archaeological and palaeoanthropological studies.

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x-ray microCT – ICTP Trieste

SR microCT – ELETTRA Trieste

Chemical analysis (PGAA) – Budapest Neutron Centre

Project: Non-destructive Scientific Techniques for ARchaeology: analysis of Copper Age pottery from central Slovenia and north-eastern Italy by X-ray Computed Microtomography and Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis

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The origin of squamates revealed by a Middle Triassic lizard from the Italian Alps”, Nature 557 (2018), 706-709.

Tiago R. Simões, Michael W. Caldwell, Mateusz Tałanda, Massimo Bernardi, Alessandro Palci, Oksana Vernygora, Federico Bernardini, Lucia Mancini, Randall L. Nydam

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Milestones 2019

- Publication paper on microCT application to the study of ancient pottery.

- Publication paper on dog domestication in Italy during Upper Palaeolithic.

- Publication paper on Ceprano skull or another paleoanthropological paper.

- Upgrade of ICTP X-ray microCT system.

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Plan of activities 2019 - 2021

Paleoantropology

- Uranium-thorium dating and morphometric analysis of Saccopastore and and Paus Neanderthals (with U. La Sapienza. U. of Wollongong, Australia and other institutions);

- Non-destructive analysis of pigments used in upper Palaeolithic rockart in Puglia (with U. of Siena) and in Kimberley (Kimberley Fundation e University of Western Australia), in collaboration with CNR and INFN, Catania;

- Identification of sulphur traces in stalactite sections from South Africa (with U. of Arizona) to identify the environmental impact of the Toba euption (74 ka) and the implication on Homo sapiens

evolution;

- Diet, health and migrations during the Upper Palaeolithic and Neolithicin using genetic/isotopic analysis and 3D imaging of fossilized teeth (with Institute for Anthropological Research, Croatia, U.

di Bologna, Pennsylvania State U., U. College Dublin;

- Use of advanced morphometric and palaeogenetic methods to study modern humans from the Upper palaeolithic (Romito), in collaboration with U. California Irvine ;

- Palaeomedical study of the Ceprano skull, with M. Rubini (Soprintendenza Beni ambientali e Archeologici del Lazio), F. Macciardi (U.California Irvine).

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Plan of activities 2019 - 2021

Study of ancient landscape and characterization of archaeological artefacts

Study of Roman military fortifications and roads in in the Trieste area using LiDAR; geophysical investigations using Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Ground Penetrating Radar and other advanced methods in collaboration with the University of Trieste,

Soprintendenza Archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio del Friuli Venezia Giulia, the Archaeology Institute of

Lubljana ZRC SAZU

Characterisation of archaeological artefacts from north- eastern Italy, Slovenia and Croatia and other countries (in collaboration with University of Trieste,

Soprintendenza Archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio del Friuli Venezia Giulia, the Archaeology Institute of

Lubljana ZRC SAZU, CEITEC)

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Plan of activities 2019 - 2021

Upgrade of the ICTP X-ray microCT system in collaboration with Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste and Regione FVG.

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New flat panel Teledyne Dalsa;

Already acquired. New Hamamatsu Microfocus X-ray source L12161-07;

The cost (about 37.000 euro) will be covered by Regione FVG funds.

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Expected funding in the 3-year period:

- Request of funding by Centro Fermi

One Assegno di Ricerca grant (3 years) or Ricercatore a tempo determinato contract;

Specific Consumables/Inventory per year: Euro10.000 euro;

Conferences per year: 4.000 euro;

New computer for the upgrade of the ICTP microCT system: 4.000 euro.

- External funding

About 37.000 euro from Regione FVG to buy a new X-ray tube;

About 6.000 euro from private sponsor to perform archaeological research in the Trieste province;

Partner of a project of U. of Trieste (Fondo Ricerca Ateneo 2019-2020) to study ancient pottery (12.000 euro);

Partner of the project “Living history on the edge of the Lagoon: le oscillazioni del margine lagunare con tecnologie immersive per la fruizione del patrimonio culturale”, coordinated by U.

Ca’ Foscari Venezia (about 50.000 euro).

- Potential External funding

ATLACH - Advanced Technology Lab for Cultural Heritage funded by Regione FVG ESOF 2020: EuroScience Open Forum (4 -10 July 2020,Trieste)

Other European calls ¹³

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