Cell Signaling in Vascular Inflammation

Cell Signaling in Vascular Inflammation

I n f e c t i o u s . D i s e a s e

Cell Signaling in Vascular Inflammation

Edited by

Jahar Bhattacharya, ^MBBS , ^{DP hil}

Professor of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clinical Physiological Medicine,

and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY

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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Cell signaling in vascular inflammation / edited by Jahar Bhattacharya.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-58829-525-7 (alk. paper)

1. Vasculitis 2. Cellular signal transduction. 3. Inflammation--Mediators.

[DNLM: 1. Vasculitis--pathology. 2. Intercellular Signaling Peptides and

Proteins. 3. Paracrine Communication--physiology. WG 515 C393 2005] I. Bhattacharya, Jahar.

RC694.5.I53C45 2005 616.1'3--dc22

2004017975

v

Inflammatory disease of the lung vascular bed is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both adult and pediatric age groups. A particularly devastating consequence of lung inflammation is lung injury, which alone accounts for 150,000 cases annually in the United States, and carries a mortality rate of more than 30%. Yet, in the teaching about lung inflammation and in its application to clinical practice, the importance of vascular biology has been somewhat neglected.

Lung inflammation results from the defensive responses of pulmonary vascular cells to pathogenic stimuli. The responses arise through signal transduction mechanisms, which constitute sequences of intracellular events that lead up to specific cellular responses. Secondary effects of such responses precipitate all of the phenotypic fea- tures of lung inflammatory disease, including vascular hyperpermeability, white cell accumulation, and vascular remodeling. An understanding of signal transduction path- ways in lung vascular cells is therefore required not only to explain the processes of lung inflammation, but also to develop new therapeutic strategies to combat inflamma- tory lung diseases.

Although great strides have been made in the science of cell signaling, much of this understanding is derived from nonlung cells. Consequently, the understanding is often of tangential relevance to lung vascular biology. The lung’s unique position at the sys- temic interface with the environment arms it with a sensitive immune defense capabil- ity, a physiologically protective feature that also carries significant pathological risk.

This and other special features of the pulmonary circulation compel a studied and spe- cific consideration of signal transduction processes in the context of lung vascular dis- ease. It is my hope that Cell Signaling in Vascular Inflammation will foster better awareness of these phenomena.

My intention in assembling these chapters has been to cut across disciplines to bring together a broad-based presentation of inflammatory challenge, both in the initial phases of the inflammatory response as also in the more prolonged phase of genomic involvement. The chapters comprise a comprehensive survey of signaling processes.

Hence, the book will be useful to a broad spectrum of readers, including advanced students of lung biology, investigators seeking new research directions, and clinicians and scientists involved in lung inflammation and its management.

Finally, I would like to thank several people without whose help this volume would not have been possible. I received advice and encouragement throughout from Drs.

Ken Weir, Jack Reeves, and Wiltz Wagner. Ms. Paige Walker of the American Heart Association and my assistant, Ms. Rashmi Patel, provided outstanding support in get- ting the material together and in ensuring its preparation for publication. My wife, Sunita, supported me in many ways, not least through encouragement and patience.

Jahar Bhattacharya,

,

hil

Preface

vii

Preface ... v Contributors ... ix 1 Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide in Vascular Regulation

Stefan W. Ryter and Augustine M. K. Choi ... 1 2 Tumor Necrosis Factor-F/Receptor Signaling Through

the Akt Kinase

Osman Nidai Ozes, Hakan Akca, Jason A. Gustin, Lindsey D. Mayo, Roxana Pincheira, Chandrashekhar K. Korgaonkar,

and David B. Donner ... 13 3 Protein Modifications by Nitric Oxide and Reactive Nitrogen Species

Harry Ischiropoulos ... 23 4 Redox Signaling in Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction

E. Kenneth Weir, Zhigang Hong, Anthony Varghese,

Daniel P. Nelson, and Andrea Olschewski ... 27 5 cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase in Regulation

of the Perinatal Pulmonary Circulation

Usha Raj, Yuansheng Gao, Srinivas Dhanakoti, and Fred Sander ... 35 6 Glutamate Receptor Activation in the Pathogenesis

of Acute Leg Injury

Sami I. Said ... 47 7 Carboxyl Methylation of Small GTPases

and Endothelial Cell Function

Sharon Rounds, Elizabeth O. Harrington, and Qing Lu ... 51 8 Pressure-Induced Inflammatory Signaling

in Lung Endothelial Cells

Wolfgang M. Kuebler ... 61 9 Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function:

Contributions of the Transcellular and Paracellular Pathways

Dolly Mehta, Richard D. Minshall, and Asrar B. Malik ... 73 10 Sphingolipid Signaling: Implications for Vascular Biology

Margaret M. Harnett ... 91 11 Regulations of Cytokine Signaling

Bao Q. Vuong, Lisa McKeag, Julie A. Losman, Jianze Li,

Alex Banks, Scott Fay, Peter Chen, and Paul Rothman ... 103

Contents

viii Contents

12 Cell Signaling by Vasoactive Agents

Barry L. Fanburg, Regina M. Day, Amy R. Simon, Sheu-Ling Lee,

and Yuichiro J. Suzuki... 113 13 Reactive Oxygen Species and Cell Signaling in Lung Ischemia

Aron B. Fisher ... 125 14 Pulmonary Vascular Barrier Regulation by Thrombin

and Edg Receptors

Jeffrey R. Jacobson and Joe G. N. Garcia ... 137 15 Second-Messenger Signaling in Lung Capillaries

Kaushik Parthasarathi ... 147 16 Plasma Membrane-to-Nucleus Calcium Signaling

Giles E. Hardingham ... 155 17 Signaling by Mitochondria

Navdeep S. Chandel ... 167 18 Pro-Inflammatory Signaling by Endothelial Focal Complexes

in Lung

Sunita Bhattacharya ... 179 19 Hydrogen Peroxide As Intracellular Messenger: Production, Target,

and Elimination

Sue Goo Rhee, Tong-Shin Chang, Yun Soo Bae, Seung-Rock Lee,

and Sang Won Kang ... 191 20 Calcium-Inhibited Adenylyl Cyclase (AC

) Controls

Endothelial Cell Barrier Function

Troy Stevens ... 203

Index... 217

ix

Contributors

H ^AKAN A ^KCA , ^{P h D} • Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN

Y UN S OO B AE , P h D • Division of Molecular Life Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling Research , Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea

A LEX B ANKS • Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY

S ^UNITA B HATTACHARYA , ^MD • Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY

N AVDEEP S. C HANDEL , P h D • Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL

T ONG -S HIN C HANG , P h D • Division of Molecular Life Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea

P ^ETER C ^HEN • Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY

A UGUSTINE M. K. C HOI , MD • Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA

R EGINA M. D AY , P h D • Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

S ^RINIVAS D ^HANAKOTI , ^{P h D} • Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

D ^AVID B. D ^ONNER , ^{P h D} • Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN

B ARRY L. F ANBURG , MD • Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

S ^COTT F ^AY • Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY

A ^RON B. F ^ISHER , ^MD • Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA

J OE G. N. G ARCIA , MD • Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

Y ^UANSHENG G ^AO , ^MD • Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

J ^ASON A. G ^USTIN • Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN

G ILES E. H ARDINGHAM • Department of Preclinical Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK

M ^ARGARET M. H ^ARNETT , ^{P h D} • Division of Immunology, University of Glasgow,

Glasgow, Scotland

x Contributors

E ^LIZABETH O. H ^ARRINGTON , ^{P h D} • Department of Medicine, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI

Z HIGANG H ONG , MD , P h D • Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

H ARRY I SCHIROPOULOS , P h D • The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The Stokes Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

J EFFREY R. J ACOBSON , MD • Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

S ANG W ON K ANG , P h D • Division of Molecular Life Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea

C HANDRASHEKHAR K. K ORGAONKAR , P h D • Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN

W OLFGANG M. K UEBLER , MD , P h D • Institute of Physiology, Charité- Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

S EUNG -R OCK L EE , P h D • Division of Molecular Life Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea

S HEU -L ING L EE , P h D • Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

J IANZE L I • Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY

J ULIE A. L OSMAN • Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY

Q ING L U , P h D • Department of Medicine, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI A ^SRAR B. M ^ALIK , ^{P h D} • Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at

Chicago, Chicago, IL

L ^INDSEY D. M ^AYO , ^{P h D} • Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN L ISA M C K EAG • Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Physicians

and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY

D OLLY M EHTA , P h D • Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL

R ICHARD D. M INSHALL , P h D • Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL

D ANIEL P. N ELSON , BS • Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

A NDREA O LSCHEWSKI • Department of Anesthesiology, Justus-Leibig University, Giessen, Germany

O SMAN N IDAI O ZES , P h D • Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN

K AUSHIK P ARTHASARATHI , P h D • Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY R OXANA P INCHEIRA , P h D • Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN U ^SHA R ^AJ , ^MD • Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles,

Los Angeles, CA

S ^UE G ^OO R ^HEE , ^{P h D} • National Institute of Health, National Heart, Lung, and

Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD

Contributors xi

P ^AUL R ^OTHMAN , ^MD • Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY

S HARON R OUNDS , MD • Department of Medicine, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI

S TEFAN W. R YTER • Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA

S ^AMI I. S ^AID , ^MD • Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY

F RED S ANDER , BS • Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

A MY R. S IMON , MD • Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

T ^ROY S ^TEVENS , ^{P h D} • Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, AL

Y UICHIRO J. S UZUKI , P h D • Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA

A NTHONY V ARGHESE , P h D • Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

B AO Q. V UONG • Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY

E. K ENNETH W EIR , MD • Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center and

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN