Acampora D., Mazan S., Lallemand Y., Avantaggiato V., Maury M., Simeone A., Brulet P. (1995). Forebrain and midbrain regions are deleted in Otx2-/- mutans due to a defective anterior neuroectoderm specification during gastrulation. Development (121): 3279-3290.
Altmann C.R., Robert L.C., Lang R.A., Hemmati-Brivanlou A. (1997). Lens induction by Pax-6 in Xenopus laevis. Developmental Biology (185): 197-123.
Andreazzoli M., Gestri G., Angeloni D., Menna E., Barsacchi G. (1999). Role of Xrx1 in
Xenopus eye and anterior brain development. Development (126): 2451-2460.
Ariizumi T. e Asashima M. (2001). In vitro induction systems for analyses of amphibian organogenesis and body patterning. Int. J. Dev. Biol. (45): 273-279.
Bachiller D., Klingensmith J., Kemp C., Belo J.A., Anderson R.M., May S.R., McMahon J.A., McMahon A.P., Harland R.M., Rossant J., De Robertis E.M. (2000). The organizer factors Chordin and Noggin are required for mouse forebrain development. Nature, February, Vol 403: 658-661.
Barth L.G. (1941). Neural differentiation without organizer. J. Exp. Zool. (87): 371-378. Bautzmann H., Holtfreter J., Spemann H., Mangold O. (1932). Versuche zur Analyse der Induktionsmittel in der Embryonalentwicklung. Naturwissenschaft (20): 971-974.
Bernier G., Panitz F., Zhou X., Hollemann T., Gruss P., Pieler T. (2000). Expanded retina territory by midbrain transformation upon overexpression of Six6 (Optx2) in Xenopus embryos. Mechanisms of Development (93): 59-69.
Bonini N.M., Leiserson W.M., Benzer S. (1993). The eyes absent gene: genetic control of cell survival and differentiation in the developing Drosophila eye. Cell 72, (3): 379-395.
Brown N.L., Patel S., Brzezinski J., Glaser T. (2001). Math5 is required for retinal ganglion cell and optic nerve formation. Development (128): 2497-2508.
Burmeister M., Novak J., Liang M.Y., Basu S., Ploder L., Hawes N.L., Vidgen D., Hoover F., Goldman D., Kalnins V.I., Roderick T.H., Taylor B.A., Hankin M.H., McInnes .R. (1996). Ocular retardation nouse caused by Chx10 homeobox null allele: impaired retinal progenitor proliferation and bipolar cell differentiation. Nature Genetics (12): 376-384.
Casarosa S., Andreazzoli M., Simeone A., Barsacchi G. (1997). Xrx1, a novel Xenopus homeobox gene expressed during eye and pineal gland development. Mech. Dev. 61, (1-2): 187-198.
Casarosa S., Amato M.A., Andreazzoli M., Gestri G., Barsacchi G., Cremisi F. (2003).
Xrx1 controls proliferation and multipotency of retinal progenitors. Mol Cell Neurosci. 22, (1):
25-36.
Chacko D.M., Das A.V., Zhao X., James J., Bhattacharya S., Ahmad I. (2003). Transplantation of ocular stem cells: the role of injury in incorporation and differentiation of grafted cells in the retina. Vision Research (43): 937-346.
Cheyette B.N., Green P.J., Martin K., Garren H., Hartenstein V., Zipursku S.L. (1994). The Drosophila sine oculis locus encodes a homeodomain-containing protein required for the development of the entire visual system. Neuron 12, (5): 977-996.
Chow R.L., Altmann C.R., Rchard A.L., Hemmati-Brivanlou A. (1999). Pax6 induces ectopic eyes in a vertebrate. Development (126): 4213-4222.
Chow R.L., Snow B., Novak J., Looser J., Freund C., Vidgen D., Ploder L., McInnes R.R. (2001). Vsx1, a rapdly evolving paired-like homeobox gene expressed in cone bipolar cells. Mech. Dev. 109, (2): 315-322.
Czerny T., Halder G., Kloter U., Souabni A., Gehring W. J., Busslinger M. (1999). twin
of eyeless, a Second Pax-6 Gene of Drosophila, Acts Upstream of eyeless in the Contro of Eye
Darras S., Marikawa Y., Elinson R.P., Lemaire P. (1997). Animal and vegetal pole cells of early Xenopus embryos respond differently to maternal dorsal determinants: implications for the patterning of the organizer. Development (124): 4275-4286.
Dattani M., MArtinez-Barbera J.P., Thomas P.Q. Brickman J.M., Gupta R., Krauss S., Wales J., Hindmarsh P.c. Beddington R.S.P., Robinson I.C. (1998). Mutations in the homeobox gene Hesx1 associated with septo-optic dysplasia in human and mouse. Nat. Genet. (19): 125-133.
D'Autilia S., Decembrini S., Casarosa S., He R., Barsacchi G., Cremisi F., Andreazzoli M. (2006). Cloning and developmental expression of te Xenopus homeobox gene Xvsx1. Development, Genes and Evolution (In press).
Decembrini S., Andreazzoli M., Vignali R., Barsacchi G., Cremisi F. (2006). Timing the Generation of Dinstinct Retinal Cells by Homeobox Proteins. Plos Biology 4, (9): 1562-1571.
Delaune E., Lemaire P., Kodjabachian L. (2004). Neural induction in Xenopus requires early FGF signalling in addition to BMP inhibition. Development (132): 299-310.
De Robertis E.M., Larrain J., Oelgeschläger M., Wessely O. (2000). The establishment of Spemann's organizer and patterning of the Vertebrate embryo. Nature Reviews Genetics, December, Vol 1: 171-181.
De Robertis E.M. (2006). Spemann's organizer and self-regulation in amphibian embryos. Nature Reviews, April, Vol 7: 296-302.
Doniach T., Phillips C.R., Gerhart J.C. (1992). Planar induction of anteroposterior pattern in the developing central nervous system of Xenopus laevis. Science (257): 542-545.
Dyer M.A., Livesey F.J., Cepko C.L., Oliver G. (2003). Prox1 funtion controls progenitor cell proliferation and horizontal cell genesis in the mammalian retina. Nat Genet 34, (1): 53-58.
Eggert T., Hauck B., Hildebrandt N., Gehring W.J., Walldorf U. (1998). Isolation of a
Drosophila homolog of the vertebrate homeobox gene Rx and its possible role in brain and eye
development. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA (95): 2343-2348.
Fang H., Marikawa Y., Elinson R.P. (2000). Ectopic expression of Xenopus noggin RNA induces complete secondary body axes in embryos of the direct developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui. Dev Genes Evol (210): 21-27.
Freund C.L., Gregory-Evans C.Y., Furukawa T., PApaioannou M., Looser J., Ploder L., Bellingham J., Ng D., Herbrick J.S., Tsui L., Loutradis-Anagnostou A., Jacobson S.G., Cepko C.L., Bhattacharya S.S., McInnes R.R. (1997). Cone-Rod Dystrophy Due to Mutations in a Novel Photoreceptor-Specific Homeobox Gene (CRX) Essential for Maintenance of the Photoreceptor. Cell 91, November: 543-553.
Fukui Y., Furue M., Myoishi Y., Sato J.D., Okamoto T., Asashima M. (2003). Long-term culture of Xenopus presumptive ectoderm in a nutrient-supplemented culture medium. Develop. Growth Differ. (45): 499-506.
Furukawa A., Koike C., Lippincott P., Cepko C.L., Furukawa T. (2002). The mouse
Crx 5'-Upstream Transgene Sequence Directs Cell-Specific and Developmentally Regulated
Expression in Retinal Photoreceptor Cells. The Journal of Neuroscience 22, (5): 1640-1647.
Gallagher B.C., Hainski A.M., Moody S.A. (1991). Autonomous differentiation of dorsal axial structures from an animal cap cleavage stage blastomere in Xenopus. Development 112, (4): 1103-14.
Gammill L.S., Sive H. (1997). Identification of Otx2 targhet genes and restrictions in ectodermal competence during Xenopus cement gland formation. Development 124, (2): 471-481.
Gerhart J., Danilchik M., Doniach T., Roberts S., Rowning B., Stewart R. (1989). Cortical rotation of the Xenopus egg: Consequences for the anteroposterior pattern of embryonic dorsal development. Development (Suppl.), (107): 37-52.
Gerhart J. (2001). Evolution of the Organizer and the chordate body plan. Int. J. Dev. Biol. (45): 133-153.
Gestri G., Carl M., Appolloni I., Wilson S.W., Barsacchi G., Andreazzoli M. (2005).
Six3 functions in anterior neural plate specification by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting
Bmp4 expression. Development (132): 2401-2413.
Ghanbari H., Seo H., Fjose A., Brändli A.W. (2001). Molecular cloning and embryonic expression of Xenopus Six homeobox genes. Mechanisms of Development (101): 271-277.
Gilbert S.F. (2001). Continuity and change: paradigm shifts in neural induction. Int. J. Dev. Biol. (45): 155-164.
Gilbert S.F., Developmental Biology, sixth edition, Sinauer.
Gimlich R.L., Cooke J. (1983). Cell lineage and the induction of nervous systems in amphibian development. Nature (306): 471-473.
Glinka A., Wu W., Onichtchouk D., Blumenstock C., Niehrs C. (1997). Head induction by simultaneous repression do Bmp and Wnt signalling in Xenopus. Nature, October, Vol 389: 517-519.
Groppe J., Greenwald J., Wiater E., Rodriquez-Leon J., Economides A.N., Kwiatkowski W., Affolter M., Vale W.W., Belmonte J.C.I., Choe S. (2002). Structural basis of BMP signalling inibition by the cystine knot protein Noggin. Nature, December, Vol 420: 636-642.
Hanson I.M. (2001). Mammalian homologues of the Drosophila eye specification genes. Cell & Developmental Biology 12: 475-484.
Hatakeyama J. e Kageyama R. (2004). Retinal cell fate determination and bHLH factors. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology (15): 83-89.
Hemmati-Brivanlou A., Stewart R.M., Harland R.M. (1990). Region-specific neural induction of an engrailed protein by anterior notochord in Xenopus. Science (250): 800-802.
Hemmati-Brivanlou A., Kelly O.G., Melton D.A. (1994). Follistatin, an antagonist of activin, is expressed in the Spemann organizer and displays direct neuralizing activity. Cell 77, (2): 283-295.
Hirsch N., Harris W.A. (1997). Xenopus Pax-6 and retinal development. J. Neurobilol. 32, (1): 45-61.
Hollemann T., Bellefroid E., Pieler T. (1998). The Xenopus homologue of the Drosophila gene tailless has a function in early eye development. Development (125): 2425-2432.
Holtfreter J. (1933). Die totale Exogastrulation, eine Selbstrablösung des Ektoderms vom Entomesoderm. Roux Arch. Entw. mech. Org. (129): 669-793.
Holtfreter J. (1933). Nachweis der Induktionsfähigkeit abgetöteter Keimteile. Roux Arch. Entw. Mech. (128): 584-633.
Holtfreter J. (1944). Neural differentiation of ectoderm through exposure to saline solution. J. Exp. Zool. (95): 307-343.
Huang S. e Moody S.A. (1993). The Retinal Fate of Xenopus Clavage Stage Progenitors Is Dependent upon Blastomere Position and Competence: Studies of Normal and Regulated Clones. The Journal of Neuroscience 13, (8): 3193-3210.
Ikeda H., Osakada F., Watanabe K., Mizuseki K., Haraguchi T., Miyoshi H., Kamiya D., Honda Y., Sasai N., Yoshimura N., Takahashi M., Sasai Y. (2005). Generation of Rx+/Pax6+
Itsykson P., Ilouz N., Turetsky T., Goldstein R.S., Pera M.F., Fishbein I., Segal M., Reubinoff B.E. (2005). Derivation of neural precursors from human embryonic stem cells in the presence of noginn. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (30): 24-36.
Kay J.N., Finger-Baier K.C., Roeser T., Staub W., Baier H. (2001). Retinal Ganglion Cell Genesis Requires lakritz a Zebrafish atonal Homolog. Neuron 30: 725-736.
Kanekar S., Perron M., Dorsky R., Harris W.A., Jan L.Y., Jan Y.N., Vetter M.L. (1997). Xath5 Partecipates in a Network of bHLH Genes in the Developing Xenopus Retina. Neuron 19: 981-994.
Kenyon K.L., Zaghloul N., Moody S.A. (2001). Transcription Factors of the Anterior Neural Plate Alter Cell Movements of Epidermal Progenitors to Specify a Retinal Fate. Developmental Biology (240): 77-91.
Kintner C.R., Melton D.A. (1987). Expression of Xenopus NCAM RNA in ectoderm is an early response to neural inducrion. Development (99): 311-325.
Klink R., de Kerchove d'Exaerde A., Zoli M., Changeux J.P. (2001). Molecular and physiological diversity of nicotinic acetylcoline receptors in the midbrain dopaminergic nuclei. J Neurosci. 21, (5): 1452-1463.
Kuroda H., Fuentealba L., Ikeda A., Reversade B., De Robertis E.M. (2005). Default neural induction: neuralization of dissociated Xenopus cells in mediated by Ras/MAPK activation. Genes & Dev. (19): 1022-1027.
Lamb M.T., Knecht A.K., Smith W.C., Stachel S.E., Economides A.N., Stahl N., Yancopolous G.D., Harland R.M. (1993). Neural Induction by the Secreted Polypeptide Noggin. Science (262): 713-718.
Li H., Tierney C., Wen L., Wu J.Y., Rao Y. (1997). A single morphogenetic field give rise to two retina primordia under the influence of the prechordal plate. Development (124): 603-615.
Lim D.A., Tramontin A.D., Travejo J.M., Herrera D.G., Garcia-Verdugo J.M., Alvarez-Buylla A. (2000). Noggin Antagonizes BMP Signaling to Create a Niche for Adult Neurogenesis. Neuron (28): 713-726.
Lindvall O. e Kokaia Z. (2006). Stem cells for the treatment of neurological disorders. Nature, June, Vol 441: 1094-1096.
Liu W., Mo Z., Xiang M. (2001). The Ath5 proneural genes function upstream of Brn3 POU domain transcription factor genes to promote retinal ganglion cell development. PNAS 98, (4): 1649-1654.
Loosli F., Winkler S., Wittbrodt J. (1999). Six3 overexpression initiates the formation of ectopic retina. Genes & Development (13): 649-654.
Mangold O. (1933). Uber die Induktionfähigkeit der verschiedenen Bezirke der Neurula von Urodelen. Naturwissenschaften (21): 761-766.
Marc R.E., Jones B.W., Watt C.B., Strettoi E (2003). Neural remodeling in retinal degeneration. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (22): 607-655.
Mardon G., Solomon N.M., Rubin G.M. (1994). dachshund encodes a nuclear protein required for normal eye and leg development in Drosophila. Development (120): 3473-3486.
Martinez-Morales J.R., Signore M., Acampora D., Simeone A., Bovolenta P. (2001). Otx genes are required for tissue specification in the developing eye. Development (128): 2019-2030.
Mathers P.H., Grinberg A., Mahon K.A., Jamrich M. (1997). The Rx homeobox gene is essential for vertebrate eye development. Nature, June, Vol 387, (6633): 603-607.
Monaghan A.P., Bock D., Gass P., Schwager A., Wolfer D.P., Lipp H.P., Schutz G. (1997). Defective limbic system in mice lacking the tailless gene. Nature, December, Vol 390, (6659): 515-517.
Moore K.B. e Moody S.A. (1999). Animal-Vegetal Asymmetries Influence the Earliest Steps in Retina Fate Commitment in Xenopus. Developmental Biology (212): 25-41.
Morrison G.M. e Brickmann J.M. (2006). Conserved roles for Oct4 homologues in maintaining multipotncy during early vertebrate development. Development 10, (133): 2011-2022.
Nieuwkoop P.D. e Faber J (1967), NORMAL TABLE OF XENOPUS LAEVIS (DAUNIN) Nishida A., Furukawa A., Koike C., Tano Y., Aizawa S., Matsuo I., Furukawa T. (2003). Otx2 homeobox gene controls retinal photoreceptor cell fate and pineal gland development. Nat. Neurosci. (6): 1255-1263.
Ohnuma S., Hopper S., Wang K.C., Philpott A., Harris W.A. (2002). Co-ordinating retinal histogenesis: early cell cycle exit enhances early cell fate determination in Xenopus retina. Development (129): 2435-2446.
Okabayashi K., Asashima M. (2003). Tissue generation from amphibian animal caps. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development (13): 502-507.
Perron M. and Harris W.H. (1998), Cellular determination in amphibian retina. Tratto da “Cell Lineage and Fate Determination” S.A. Moody Ed., Academic Press, New York, 353-368.
Perron M., Kanekar S., Vetter M.L., Harris W.A. (1998). The Genetic Sequence of Retinal Development in the Ciliary Margin of the Xenopus Eye. Developmenta Biology (199): 185-200.
Pettersen E.F., Goddart T.D., Huang C.C., Chouch G.S., Greenblatt D.M., Meng E.C., Ferrin T.E. (2004). UCSF Chimera - A Visualization System for Exploratory Research and Analisis. J. Comput. Chem. 25, (13): 1605-1612.
Piccolo S., Sasai Y., Lu B., De Robertis E.M. (1996). Dorsoventral patterning in Xenopus. Inibition of ventral signals by direct binding of Chordin to BMP-4. Cell (86): 589-598.
Piccolo S., Agius E., Leyns L., Bhattacharyya S., Grunz H., Bouwmeester T., De Robertis E. M. (1999). The head inducer Cerberus is a multifunctional antagonist of Nodal, BMP and Wnt signals. Nature, February, Vol 397: 707-710.
Poggi L., Vottari T., Barsacchi G., Wittbrodt J., Vignali R. (2004). The homeobox gene
Xbh1 cooperates with proneural genes to specify ganglion cell fate within the Xenopus neural retina.
Development (131): 2305-2315.
Purves D., Augustine G.J., Fitzpatrick D., Katz L.C., LaMantia A.S. McNamara J.O., Williams S.M. editors. Neuroscience, second edition, Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc. c2001
Quiring R., Walladorf U., Kloter U., Gehring W.J. (1994). Homology of the eyeless gene of Drosophila to the Small eye gene in mice and Aniridia in humans. Science 265, (5173): 785-789.
Recanzone G., Harris W.A. (1985). Demonstration of neural induction using nuclear markers in Xenopus. Roux Arch. 194: 344-354.
Reversade B., Kuroda H., Lee H., Mays A., De Robertis E.M. (2005). Depletion of Bmp2, Bmp4, Bmp7 and Spemann organizer signals induces massive brain formation in Xenopus embryos. Development (132): 3381-3392.
Ruiz i Altaba A. (1992). Planar and vertical signals in the induction and patterning of the
Sala M. (1955). Distribution of activating and transforming influences in the archenteron roof during induction of nervous system in Amphibians. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA (58C): 635-647.
Sasai Y., Lu B., Steinbeisser H., Geissert D., Gont L. K. and De Robertis E.M. (1994).
Xenopus chordin: A novel dorsalizing factor activated by organizer-specific homeobox genes. Cell
(79): 779-790.
Saxén L. (1961). Transfilter neural induction of amphibian ectoderm. Dev. Biol. (3): 140-152.
Saxén L. (2001). Spemann's heritage in Finnish developmental biology. Int. J. Dev. Biolo. (45): 51-55.
Sharpe C.R., Gurdon J.B. (1990). The induction of anterior e posterior neural genes in
Xenopus laevis. Development (109): 765-774.
Shawlot W., Behringer, R. (1995). Requirement for Lim-1 in the organizer function. Nature (374): 425-430.
Slack, Essential Developmental Biology, Blackwell Science.
Smith J.C., Slack J.W.M. (1983). Dorsalizatione and neural induction: Properties of the organizer in Xenopus laevis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. (78): 299-317.
Smith W.C., Harland M. (1992). Expression cloning of noggin, a new dorsalizing factor localized to the Spemann organizer in Xenopus embryos. Cell 5, (70): 829-840.
Sowden J.C., Holt J.K.L., Meins M., Smith H.K., Bhattacharya S.S. (2001). Expression of Drosophila omb-Related T-box Genes in the Developing Human and Mouse Neural Retina. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 42, (13): 3095-3102.
Spemann H. e Mangold H. (1924). Über Induktion von Embryonalanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren. (Traduzione in inglese di Viktor Hamburger). Archiv für Mikroskopische Anatomie und Entwicklungsmechanik Vol 100: 599-638.
Tabata Y., Ouchi Y., Kamiya H., Manabe T., Arai K., Watanabe S. (2004). Specification of the Retinal Fate of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by Ectopic Expression of Rx/rax, a Homeobox Gene. Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, (10): 4513-4521.
Toivonen S., Tarin D., Saxén L., Tarin P.J., Wartiovaara J. (1975). Transfilter studies on neural induction in the newt. Differentiation (4): 1-7.
Toivonen S., Wartiovaara J. (1976). Mechanism of cell interaction during primary induction studied in transfilter experiment. Differentiation (5) :61-66.
Vetter M.L., Brown N.L. (2001). The role of basic helix-loop-helix genes in vertebrate retinogenesis. Cell & Developmental Biology 12: 491-498.
Viczian A.S., Vignali R., Zuber M.E., Barsacchi G., Harris W.A. (2003). XOtx5b and
XOtx2 regulate photoreceptor and bipolar fates in the Xenopus retina. Development (130):
1281-1294.
Wawersik S. e Maas R.L. (2000). Vertebrate eye development as modeled in Drosophila. Human Molecular Genetics 9, (6): 917-925.
Whitaker S.L. e Knox B.E. (2004). Conserved Transcriptional Activators of the Xenopus
Rhodopsin Gene. 279, (47): 49010-49018.
Yu R.T., Chiang M., Tanabe T., Kobayashi M., Yasuda K., Evans R.M., Umesono K. (2000). The orphan nuclear receptor Tlx regulates Pax2 and is essential for vision. PNAS 97, (6): 2621-2625.
Zaghloul N.A., Yan B., Moody S.A. (2005). Step-wise specification of retinal stem cells during normal embryogenesis. Biology of the Cell (97): 321-337.
Zhou X., Hollemann T., Pieler T., Gruss P. (2000). Cloning and expression of xSix3, the
Xenopus homologue of murine Six3. Mechanisms of Development (91): 327-330.
Zimmermann L.B., de Jesùs-Escobar J.M., Harland R.M. (1996). The Spemann organizer signal noggin binds and inactivates bone morphogenetic protein-4. Cell (86): 599-606.
Zuber M.E., Perron M., Philpott A., Bang A., Harris W.A. (1999). Giant Eyes in
Xenopus laevis by Overexpression of XOptx2. Cell 98: 341-352.
Zuber M.E., Gestri G., Viczian A.S., Barsacchi G., Harris W.A. (2003). Specification of the vertebrate eye by a network of eye field transcription factors. Development (130): 5155-5167.
