Una predile::ione speciale per le pia111e di q11esla famiglia. mi ha/(1/10 sempre ricercare con c11ra i s11oi rapprese111a111i. conserl'llme saggi disseccali in erhario pii1 co111ple1i assai di quello che soglia .farsi ordi11ariame111e, e quasi sempre prendere 110/a s11l 1'il'o dellefonne, che mi o[frirnno probahili1ci di esser poco o p111110 conosci111e. Ecco le ragioni che mi lwnno indo110 a i11cominciare lo s111dio de/le piw11e papuane dalle Palme.
0. Bcccari. Male ia, I: 9, 1877
The Palms of Odoardo Beccari
PIERO CUCCUINI
&
CHIARA NEPItampato con ii concor o dell'As e orato dci Beni Culturali e mbicntali c dclla Pubblica lstruzione dclla Regionc iciliana (L. R. 19/96)
I DX
Introduction ... pag.
Odoardo Beccari ... . Beccari and his Palm
I listorical event regarding the Herbarium Palmarum . . . . The / lerbarium Palmarum today: museological aspects and management ... .
atalogue of the Herbarium Palmarum ... .
The palm of the "Erbario de/la Malesia": history and mu eological a peel ... . atalogue of the Palms in the "Erbario de/la Malesia" ... .
ompo ition of the Herbarium Pa/marum: acces ions and collectors ... . yslematic and geographic appendices ... .
Geographical index of the Palms in the "Erbario de/la Malesia"
Typus material in the Beccari Palm co~!ections
Appendix H. E. Moore typus ... . Iconography
Cited bibliography Reference bibliography
Unpublished bibliographical references ... . Historical bibliography
Selected bibliography of Odoardo Beccari ... . Riassunlo ... .
5 7
8 II
19 145 149 159 179 183 189 194 197 243 243 244 244 247 250
251
Quad. Bot. Amb. Appl., 1711 (2006): 5-251.
The Palms of Odoardo Beccari
PIERO Cuccu1 I & CHIARA NEPI
ABSTRACT. - The concise Catalogue of the pecimens of Arecaceae held in the Herbarium Palmarum and Erbario della Malesia of FI i presented. Both collection were assembled by the famou Florentine naturalist 0. Beccari ( 1843-1920) and contain ex iccata, original drawings, prints, carpological specimens and references to photographic plates. The Catalogue is enriched by lists of the Typu material held in the two collections and the repertory of the collectors, as well as systematic and geographic indice .
Key words: Arecaceae, Beccari, collectors, herbarium catalogue, palms, type .
TRODUCTIO
The Palm Collection (herbarium pecimen , carpologi- cal collection, photographic plate , print and drawings) in the Botanical Section of the atural History Museum of Florence University is indissolubly linked to the figure of Odoardo Beccari ( 1843-1920), the great Florentine natural- i t and explorer.
Thanks to his collections, but especially to the connec- tion he established with contemporary palmologists from all over the world, later added to by his pupil and successor Ugolino Martelli ( 1860-1934), and as a con equence of event we shall ummarise shortly, the Botanical Section owns a vast number of specimens. There are over 6,800 exsiccata of Palms in the so called "Herbarium Palmarwn", 214 pecimens dried or under alcohol in the carpological collection, as well a 1,205 illu trations and 1,368 photographic plates.
Alongside the pecimens in the Herbarium Pa/marum are others of the family that constitute the famou "Erbario de/la Malesia" (Malaysian Herbarium), the fruit of explorations by Beccari to that area in the Far East, consisting of 405 exsic- cata and 28 specimens in the carpological collection.
Taken as a whole, the size and importance of the Palm collection, obviou ly extremely rich in Typus material, means that it is one of the most consulted Herbaria of Florence (FI and Fl-Becc.), both through direct visits and the loan of specimen in the pa t, today sub tituted by pho- tograph .
A few years ago, its enormous appeal and intere t inspired us to embark on cataloguing the collection, so that the data would be available to scholars and at the same time be ea ier to trace. Indeed the collection, and the Palm Herbarium in particular, has a peculiar structure all of its own, no doubt determined by it main founder, Beccari.
Over time, however, it has seen the interventions of his dis-
ciple Martelli and, especially during the period immediate- ly following the second world war, of the personnel of the Florence Herbarium who added new specimens and changed some locations.
But before describing the history and contents of this preciou collection, in the hope that all those interested in the vast and complex Palm Family will find it useful and those who manage small or large naturalistic collections will find it an examplar, we shall begin with a brief biog- raphy ofOdoardo Beccari. For he is the man who literally
"brought" the Palms to Florence and through specimens from all over the world, detailed illu trations and superb photographs, described their exceptional variety and unde- niable fascination.
0DOARDO BECCAi{I
Odoardo Beccari (Fig. I) was born in Florence on I 6th November, 1843. When he was still very young he was orphaned of both parents and was entrusted to his maternal uncle who lived in Lucca. He attended his schooling there and, just thirteen years old, started his fir t plant collections and began to take an interest in Botany under the guidance of his teachers, Abbot Ignazio Mezzetti and Cesare Bicchi, who wa then Director of the Botanical Garden of the city.
He enrolled in the Faculty of atural Sciences at the University of Pisa. During his studies he began to concen- trate on cryptogams, to the extent that he contributed, through his collections, to the famous Serie Erbario Crittogamico Italiano (Italian Cryptogam Herbarium).
Because of a misunder tanding with his lecturer, the famous Pietro Savi, to whom in the meantime he had become assistant, he finished up taking his degree in Bologna with Antonio Bertoloni in 1864.
Whil t he was in Bologna, Beccari al o met Marquis Giacomo Doria, naturalist and future founder of the Civic
Fig. I - Odoardo Beccari, portrait in hi youth.
Museum of the atural History of Genoa, with whom he decided to explore the distant Rajahship of arawak in Borneo a oon a he graduated. Beccari planned the expe- dition in detail, including a stay at Kew Gardens and the British Mu eum, London to examine the Malaysian Collection, where he was fortunate enough to meet great botanists such a the Hookers, father and son, J. Ball, and even C. Darwin. Not yet twenty-two years old, Beccari set off on the first of these explorations to south east Asia that were to make him famous all over the world. During the legs of his journey to the Malay ian region, Beccari experi- enced hi fir t encounters with tropical flora and vegetation, and naturally with Palms that he al o ob erved and admired in the luxuriant Botanical Garden he vi ited.
The Florentine naturalist completed a total of three expe- ditions to Malay ia and ew Guinea but to Australia and ew Zealand too. They spanned a time period from 1865 to 1878, interrupted only by brief period he spent in Florence, mostly to prepare for new journey as well a an expedition to Ea t Africa in 1870, a region to which he returned between 1879 and 1880.
His explorations to Malaysia were to more or le s unknown lands, from the geographical and naturalistic, but al o anthropological and ethnological points of view.
Beccari, thank to his great capacities a a complete scien- tist and untiring explorer, managed to offer fundamental contributions to the knowledge of these regions, bringing back immen e as ortments of pecimens. The naturalistic, botanical, zoological and anthropological pecimens today enrich the collections of the atural Hi tory Museum of 6
Florence and the Civic Museum of Genoa that financed some of the expeditions at the time. ot only, but thank to his detailed topographic survey , contemporary geographer could draw up maps of the area he visited and sometime discovered.
As well a exploring little or unknown lands Beccari al o spent long period at the important Botanical Gardens of the place he vi ited, for example at Bogor in Java and Melbourne in u tralia. There he made friends with the Director and urators with whom he later continued clo e and profitable relationship and exchanged material and information on Palms.
After he finally returned to Florence, Beccari married and had as many as four children. He dedicated himself to the study of hi botanical collections, describing tens of new specie and publishing the account of his travels. The mo t famous was undoubtedly to be " elle Foreste di Borneo.
Viaggi e ricerche di un naturalista" ( 1902) (Engl. tran la- tion of 1904: Wanderings in the great forests of Borneo:
travels and researches of a naturali t in Sarawak), a true and proper diary of tho e exploration , characteri ed not only by a great cientific exactitude but also by his enthusi- a tic way of writing, his phi lo ophical and sometimes even poetical observations (Fig. 2).
Because of the differences that arose between him and the Direction of the Florentine Mu eum, Beccari interrupt- ed hi tudies for a certain period and in particular stopped hi in olvement with the Malay ian Collections that the Mu eum had bought in the meantime. Hi scientific activi- ty wa to be resumed later, at the beginning of 1900, thank
Ol>OARDO BECC"RI
NELLE lFOJRlSS'lrI DI BORNEO
FR"TElll ALIN"RI l·D·E·A
Fig. 2 -Cover to the book " elle Foreste di Borneo" by 0. Beccari.
to the intervention and especially his friendship with the wife of the Rajah of Sarawak, Lady Brooke, who convinced him to take up his studies again.
At this point Beccari dedicated himself to one single sys- tematic group, the Palm Family, that had already interested him both during the course of his collections in the various lands he visited and in his study of particular groups of the family that had caught his attention. Thus he dedicated the last few years of his life, that ended on 25th October, 1920, entirely to Palms. These he observed, studied, described but also illustrated with expert skill; he even had a special instrument made to photograph them, all so that he could contribute to the scientific knowledge of this truly unique but also so rich and complex family of the plant world.
Of the over 150 scientific publications by Beccari, as many as 75 concern Palms, as wen as a further 4 he left unpublished that were later sent to be printed posthumously by his students. Among these 75 tower, and this is the appropriate term, the monumental memories on Asiatic Palms, published in the Annals of the Botanical Gardens of Calcutta and embellished with life-size prints of the speci- mens he photographed.
As well as his publications, that already give an idea of his great research activity on this family, there are the spec- imens of Malaysian Palms he collected and over 6,000 specimens from all over the world in the Palm Herbarium, assembled thanks especially to the contributions of corre- spondents. These specimens are often accompanied by his illustrations of high scientific value and a collection of almost 1,400 photographic plates on this family that he took himself during the course of his studies.
During the last years of his life, his only disciple, Ugolino Martelli stayed next to him. Martelli inherited this immense collection of Palms which he increased and stud-
Fig. 3 - General distribution of the Arecaceae Family.
ied; as already mentioned, together with others he published posthumously several works his Master left. It was precise- ly thanks to Martelli that the Florence Herbarium acquired the precious collection, whose catalogue is published today.
BECCARI AND HIS PALMS
In one of the most comprehensive biographies on Beccari is written: "Beccari was an enthusiastic and tireless worker.
who dedicated hours and hours to his studies, never allow- ing himself a moment of respite... He loved his research because he was enthusiastic about the beauty and perfection of nature" and "All his life was characterised by loneli- ness... and as an adult he took refuge in such, with no regrets about anybody, dedicating himself entirely to his studies in those humble rooms at the Specola ... " (PICH!
SERMOLLI, 1994). These were the years that Beccari spent
"in the company", we could almost say, with only his Palms, as we already mentioned in the short biographical notes.
Actually as early as 1871, after his first expedition to Malaysia, Beccari had already published an article on some Palms he had discovered in Borneo, but already in the intro- duction he hopes he will be able to write "a more extensive work on all the Island's species" (BECCARJ, 1871 ). Together with some already known species, this brief article treated 4 new species which Beccari describes in systematical and taxonomical detail, accompanied with ethno-botanical notes, demonstrating not only his attention for detail and accuracy that were to characterise all his scientific work, but also his already copious knowledge of the family - truly amazing considering he was only 28 years old!
After 1871 and scattered over the following years, further articles on Palms began to appear, for the most part the results of his observations and collections in Malaysia and
Fig. 4 -Distribution of the Arecaceae found in the Herbarium Palmarum and the Erbario della Malesia.
7
ew Guinea and his visits to the Botanical Gardens of Buitenzorg in Java. During this period, contemporary infiu- ential botanists invited Beccari to treat the Palm Family in various Floras showing that our botanist had already acquired a certain reputation and gained their esteem [the reader is referred to the general bibliography regarding the relative references]. During the whole of this period how- ever, it was the study of the Malaysia collections that presided, where numerous families and genera of that trop- ical nora were treated and many new entities described.
We must wait until the early years of the nine hundreds, at the close of the period of voluntary withdrawal from research, for Beccari to take up his interest in plants again with renewed enthusiasm, dedicating himself full time to Palms. In fact 1902, the year that saw his Systematic enu- meration of the species of Cal am us and Daemonorops with descriptions of the new ones (BECCARI, 1902), marked the beginning of a long period that only ended with his death.
He published 65 works, only 6 of which do not deal with Palms!
During this enormous study activity, Beccari not only examined the specimens that he himself had collected, mostly from Malaysia, ew Guinea and East Africa.
The bulk of material of the herbarium that allowed him to study, investigate and describe Palms from all over the world (Figs. 3 and 4), often supported, as we said, with detailed drawings ad photographs, was generously supplied by a wide network of correspondents. These included pal- mologists but generic botanists too, scientists and also sim- ply collectors such as missionaries, explorers and plant hunters, not to mention famous directors of Asiatic as well as American and Australian Botanical Gardens. Important Herbarium Institutions, especially European such as Berlin, Kew, Paris etc. either gave him, or more often loaned, spec- imens which Beccari photographed and from which he sometimes removed a tiny fragment to keep for "his" own Herbarium.
So, thanks to all this material, his famous and monumen- tal studies on the Palms of Asia and Madagascar took shape;
still today they are of fundamental importance for any study on the family. This was not all, however, because Beccari also became involved in the cultivation and acclimatisation of Palms on a scientific level in Temperate Zone gardens, sometimes experimenting for himself in his own grounds.
Consequently in a few years his Herbarium became an indisputable reference point for contemporary scholars of Palms from all over the world but also a landing place for Palmological specimens, obviously from extra-European areas. These were gradually acclimatised and grown in var- ious parks and gardens, mostly private, or sometimes in nurseries throughout Italy and the Mediterranean area.
Thanks to all these diverse and huge supplies of speci- mens, which we shall fully describe in other chapters of this catalogue dedicated to the collectors and senders, in under 20 years the Herbarium Palmarwn was to become one of the greatest and complete monographic collections in the world.
All this material was concentrated in the smallest of
places, just two rooms that Beccari obtained from the Management of the lstituto di Studi Superiori Pratici e di Perfezionamento (Institute for Higher Practical Studies and Specialisation) that was later to become the University of Florence, in its old seat at the Museum of Natural History, the "Specola". Two little rooms where, among his beloved specimens, Beccari was to pass the last years of his "vec- chiezza semplice e so/a" (simple and lonely old age) (PICH!
SERMOLLI, 1994), where his only visitor was his student Ugolino Martelli.
HISTORICAL EVENTS REGARD! G THE HERBARIUM PALMARUM
On l 81h November, 193 7, the Herbarium Centrale Italicum of Florence (FI) acquired an extremely important and outstanding collection, the Herbarium Palmarum of Odoardo Beccari. Beccari's sudden death, on 251h October 1920, meant that this collection was "entrusted" to the care and study of his affectionate student Ugolino Martelli ( 1860-1834)1•
During the course of his activities as a Research Botanist, Martelli had increased the already remarkable Beccari col- lections, thanks especially to contributions from correspon- dents and scholars from all over the world, as had Beccari himself before him.
The relationship between Beccari and Martelli began in 1878, when the great Florentine explorer ad naturalist returned from the last of his three expeditions to Malaysia.
Beccari had been appointed as Director of the Botanical Collections, a prestigious position that fell vacant after the death of Filippo Parlatore. Martelli himself, in his dedica- tory commemoration to his Maestro, movingly describes their meeting" ... It was in that year [ 1878] when, still a stu- dent, I had the good fortune to meet him and we took a lik- ing to each other immediately. He a Maestro, and me a shy student, even more timorous by his resolute and determined nature .. (MARTELLI, 1921 ).
As Giovanni egri well observes in his necrology to Martelli, " ... .As a young man of twenty, he must have been fascinated by the proud and lonely figure of this erudite [Beccari] ... because of the influence that such a strong character, superior rr.ind, a great doctrine, put to the test by the adventurous past of a militant scientist, must inevitably exert on a young soul capable of their comprehension"
(NEGRI, 1935). And, correspondingly, Beccari too felt he could put his trust in the young Martelli, so much so that he delegated to him the study of some of his Malaysian and New Guinean collections as well as the Bogos and Massaua collections from Africa (MARTELLI, 1883, 1886, 1888).
When, following the notorious break in relationships with the Florentine Academic circles, Beccari retired almost totally to a private life and did not publish anything at all for ten years (from 1893 to 1902), Martelli was among the very few, if not the only person, to visit him. That was not all - together with other colleagues and friends, he tried to per- suade him to resume his studies, but in vain. Indeed, as we said, Beccari only enjoyed scientific research again after
'Actually, it is not perfectly clear how Beccari's collections came into Martelli's possession. In fact, whilst the biographies of the latter (CHIARUGI, 1935; EGRI, 1935) state that Beccari's children "entrusted" their father's collections to Martelli, a stamp mark on the Palm specimens, and on some of the manuscripts, reads "Herbariwn Palmarum - 0. Beccari - Bought by Martelli 1925".
8
publishing his famous diary "Nelleforeste di Borneo",1902 (Wanderings in the great forests of Borneo: travels and researches of a naturalist in Sarawak), thanks to the inter- est of the wife of the Raja of Sarawak, that was to revive his enthusiasl)1 for the study of plants (P1cH1 SERMOLLI, 1994).
This also led him to no longer concentrate on just his Malaysian collections, by then already sold to the Florentine Herbarium, but to the Palm Family, and to build his great herbarium, "the basis - as NEGRI ( 1935) again affirms - of the most important monographical studies on this family that characterised the last twenty years of his life". Lt was MARTELLI ( 1921) who once again describes this period that was to be so important for his Maestro "With renewed ener- gy he would pass whole days in his study among his instru- ments and his superb collections, dedicating himself above all to the study of the important and difficult Palm family, for which he had always nurtured a strong preference".
And it was precisely to his "close friend and only disci- ple" that Odoardo Beccari's children gave the entire Palm Herbarium on the death of their father in 1920, as we said, as well as the then still unpublished monographs on this family. With a great sense of responsibility and gratitude towards his teacher, Martelli assumed the task of drafting and publishing the writings on the subject of Palms that had been entrusted to him, sometimes integrating them with Beccari's ideas in faithful consistency as he himself writes in the preface of one of them (MARTELLI, in BECCARI, 1924).
In this manner it was possible to publish the volume on the Borasseae Tribe in 1924 and in l 933 the volume V of the Monography on Asiatic Palms, on the Corypheae, like the first 4 published by the Botanical Gardens of Calcutta.
Moreover, Martelli realised that it would be impossible to print the vast manuscript of the memoirs dedicated to the last tribe, the Areceae, on account of the difficulty of find- ing the necessary funds, so he published some papers inher- ent to the systematics and geographical distribution of the Tribe, and, to save priority, the genera and new species that Beccari had already identified but that were still unpub- lished (MARTELLI, 1934, 1935).
Again NEGRI ( 1935) tells us that "with an affectionate and munificent gesture" Martelli left Beccari 's Palm Herbarium to the Botanical Institute of Florence together with his own important collection of the Pandanus genus, and half of his Botanical library. The other half, together with some scientific and photographic equipment, he left to the Botanical Institute of the University of Pisa where he had taught uninterruptedly since 1897 and that he had man- aged from 1929-30 until the end of his life.
Actually, in the first version of Martell i's will dated l Oth August, 1924, all the herbarium collections, the library and instruments were left to the Royal University of Pisa. But later, on I 8th August, 1933, and therefore little over a year before he died, Martelli changed his mind and compiled a document as an addendum to the first will mentioned above.
A copy of this addendum can be found in the historical Archives of the University of Florence; it states that Martelli
"in amendment" to his previous wishes, leaves his herbari- um and botanical and scientific collections to the University of Florence, and that "they should specifically be part of the Webb collections in the Botanical Institute" of the same University. The reason behind this change can again be
found in the words Martelli writes in the document"/ wish this to be because I am convinced that the aims of the botan- ical studies of the Royal University of Pisa differ from those requiring extensive herbaria. I therefore prefer that my col- lection form part of a large herbarium, like the one that already exists in Florence, where it can serve for study. [ ... ] The only reason for this amendment is so that the collections may be used for the most use.fit! scientific purpose and no other" (EXTRACT CONFORMS TO THE ORIGINAL, 1933 unpub- lished) (Fig. 5). Beyond the reasons that drove Martelli to change the destiny of his collections may well have been his prestigious appointment as Honorary Curator of the Botanical Collections of the Institute of Florence in 1933.
This position had spurred him to propose a project for re- organising the herbaria, but he was unable to accomplish his dream due to health reasons.
Jn any case, as we mentioned at the beginning, in 193 7 and three years after the death of their owner, the collections Martelli bequeathed to the University of Florence finally became part of the Florentine Herbaria and, especially as Palms are concerned, the Register of Accessions states: J 81"
Novembe1~ 1937, Legacy from Martelli [ ... ] Palm Herbarium 426 packets, Palm Collections on cardboard n.
87 sheets, Palm Fruits no. 228 jars, Palm Fruits, no. 136 boxes (REGISTER OF ACCESSIONS, 1842-1938, unpublished).
Jn another document held in the Archives of the Botanical Section and relative to the "Legato Martelli" as it is known (Martelli legacy) is the complete list of all the material that, according the wishes of Martelli, were removed from his villa at Soffiano, in the surroundings of Florence. This document in fact states that as well as the above mentioned collections that were to be written on the Register of Accessions, the collection of photographic neg- atives of Palms, the list of 0. Beccari's Palms as well as various pieces of furniture (59 desks, both large and small, 7 bookcases, l cupboard, 2 sets of drawers for dried Palm fruits!) to house the collections were also to be transferred there. Of particular interest are the photographic negatives, pertaining to 1,368 glass plates of various sizes, although most of them measure 30 x 45 cm, which Beccari himself had taken.
This summary, perhaps a little too detailed and lengthy regarding the events that led to the incorporation of the great Herbarium Palmarum of Beccari into the extensive Herbarium of the University of Florence in our opinion serves on the one hand to express our gratitude to Martelli for his choice of Institute. As had already happened with his Maestro Beccari, it had not always showed a great "lik- ing" for him, apart from nominating him at the end of his life as Honorary Curator of the Botanical Collections!
On the other hand it serves to introduce more precisely the "physical" description of the palmological collections, and to appreciate the vast amount of materials assembled through the efforts, knowledge and passion of a single man, Odoardo Beccari, with the help of his only disciple and later generous attendant, Ugolino Martelli.
9
Certificasi_ da me Dott. Santucci Francesco Notaro in Firenze. ascri tto ;)...: Co.llegio -Uotarile pro- vinciale di Firenze, che al Verbale di pubblicazio~
ne di testame~to in data 29 Gennaio
1935
(XIII0 ) re-_ gistrato. il4
febbraio successivo alK.
4692 Vol~406,si trova al-legato, se-gnato con lettera B. il seguen- _te testamen.to del Nobil Uomo fu Ugolino Martelli
del fu Ealy Alessandro •
"Aggiunte al mio testamento del di 10 agosto
1924.
Quest'oggi diciotto18
agosto1933
Millenove- centotrentatre. A modificazione di quanto disposi per il mio erbario collezioni botaniche e scienti=fiche, biblioteca e strumenti scientifici, lasciati alla R.Universita d~ Pisa dispongo che dette mie col- _lezioni botaniche e scientifiche passino in lascito
alla Universita di Firenze e precisainente vadano a fare parte delle collezioni Webb conservate nell'I=
stituto Botanico della Universita di Studi di Firen- ze •
Cio voglio poicJ:e mi sono convinto .. che l 'indi- rizzo del Gabinetto botanico della R.Universita-di Pisa e diverso dall'avere bisogno di vaste collezio- ni e che ormai l'erbario della R.Universita•di Pisa non potra essere che d'importanza secondaria e resta-
Fig. 5 - First page of amendment to the will of U. Martelli.
10
':: 4.
da L. 8 .-,;).
THE HERBARIUM PALMARUM TODAY: MUSEOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND MANAGEMENT
After its arrival at the Botanical Institute of the University of Florence, the Palm Collection that once belonged to Beccari has, over the years, been arranged dif- ferently from Martelli 's intentions, as often happens when a large collection is integrated into an Institution that must consider the space available and the various criteria of museological and scientific management in force.
Today, in fact, the Palm exsiccata do not form part of the Webb Herbarium on the second floor of the Botanical Section together with the renowned Beccari "Erbario della Malesia", as Martelli had stipulated in his will (cfr. unpub- lished references). Because there was such a large amount of material, it was impossible to accommodate it all in the space of the Webb Collection and it was set up on the first floor, where the Herbarium Centrale Jtalicum (FI) is locat- ed. However, the Herbarium Palmarum has maintained its individuality on an equal status to the above mentioned his- torical collections as it was not inserted among the other Palm specimens, albeit in the same Room. Actually it is located in metal glass-panelled cabinets in Room 5 of the H.C.I. where it occupies two corner wall-s (Fig. 6).
Description of packets
Of the original 426 packets of exsiccata, today there remain 386, very probably due to the lumping together of the material when it was organised in the cabinets; for example there is a jump from bundle 128 to bundle no. 159, and 30 numbers (but not the material!) have "disappeared".
The numbers are written in blue pencil on the cardboard cover of each packet, together with the word "Palme" (see Fig. 8): it is believed they were written for practical purpos- es when the material was moved from U. Martell i's home to the Florence Herbarium in 1937. It should be remembered that all the books and furniture as well as Martelli's per- sonal herbarium that he bequeathed to the Institute were all moved at the same time as the collection, so it is under- standable that they wanted to label the packets containing palms to distinguish them from all the rest. Moreover the handwriting of the word "Palme" and the numbers seems to support this hypothesis; it does not belong to either Beccari or Martelli but is very similar to that of B. Corradi, a herbar-
Fig. 7 -Detail of a packet from the Herbarium Palmarum with crimson border.
Fig. 6 -The Herbarium Palmarum in a room of the Herbarium Centrale ltalicum of Florence.
ium technician at the time of the acquisition and therefore presumably involved in the colossal move of the collection.
Each packet is held together with two pieces of cardboard and a strap. Some of the cardboard covers are very particu- lar, characterised by a sort of "frame", often in crimson (Fig. 7). They are very similar to the ones Beccari used for his "Erbario della Malesia" and so it can be hypothesised that they are the original collection cardboard covers, to which first Martelli and then the herbarium technicians added the "normal" herbarium ones.
Inside each packet, a label projects out to the right side with the name of the genus written in blue or black ink. The label also gives the reference number, usually in red, that refers to Beccari 's above-mentioned List of Palms that came to the Florentine Herbarium again thanks to Martelli. In this list, each genus is numbered progressively within the Tribe to which it belongs. For example, in the Areceae Tribe, the genus Areca is designated as no. I, Pinanga as 2; in the Lepidocaryeae Tribe, the genus Calamus is marked no. I and Daemonorops no. 2 etc. However, it is not unusual for the label to give further names and numbers; these may refer to a change in opinion or some doubt, usually that Beccari
Fig. 8 - Inserts with strips referring to the genera (right) and species (left).
11
had himself, about the name of the genus the specimen belongs to, resulting in a change of number, or else there may be a reference number for the species together with the genus identification number. In fact, within each genus, each species is numbered progressively.
The name of the species is written on a little label that sticks out like a flag, but this time to the left, where the pro- gressive number is written (Fig. 8). Sometimes the species labels can carry more than one name and more than one number respectively in the case of synonyms or genuine doubts on their attribution. Doubts of attribution mean that specimens bearing names of different genera or species may sometimes be found next to each other, as even Beccari called the same specimen by one name and then by another (see for example the case of Actinophloeus/Ptychosperma which are both in the same bundle). Many packets have more little labels protruding out to the right, these give just the species number in red or blue pencil. All these numbers, like almost all the names, are in Beccari's handwriting.
The collection also contains material with unpublished names. In some very large genera, this material constitutes whole packets, for example n. 218 for the genus Calamus.
Generally, although the original structure of the collec- tion was not always respected in the past, each species and sometimes even individual specimens are set aside from the others in a separate sort of packet, made out of the same paper as the folder, holding the insert-specimen and fas- tened with a pin. The colour of the paper used for the fold- ers and the strap is typical wrapping-paper brown (Fig. 8).
The collection ends with two packets of "lntercalandi ", marked by numbers 409 and 410 and consisting not only of specimens but also prints of photographs and drawings (50% of the contents of packet 409 is made up of these).
Very probably the exsiccata were meant to be included in their respective packets and the drawings and photographs, which we shall describe shortly, to physically accompany their reference specimens. Two packets contain solely black and white photographic prints and illustrations: nos. 411 and 414, the latter contains almost exclusively drawings (Fig. 9) of various sizes.
Description of specimens
Because of the morphology and size of Palms in them- selves, only rarely can each individual specimen be dis- played on a single sheet: generally they occupy several sheets on which, depending on the sample, are pinned more or less complete portions of fronds, male and female inflo- rescences, infructescences and individual fruits. The vari- ous sheets for the same specimen are almost always held together with a pin. Unfortunately, in some cases the sheets are no longer pinned together for various reasons (the need for thorough investigations, photography etc.) and they risk being taken as belonging to different specimens: one of the aims of computer cataloguing is to help link these discon- nected items.
Often the specimens, especially if they are only portions of the plant, are kept in small packets (envelopes, small boxes etc.). These were made either by Beccari himself, sometimes very carefully, to better preserve the fragile material or more often by correspondents of his and of Martelli for posting the specimens.
12
Then follow many exsiccata that are fragments of speci- mens housed in other Herbaria, like Kew and Berlin, that had been sent on loan to Beccari to identify or to use for his illustrations, often for anatomical particulars or for the usual comparison with other material. Beccari removed small portions from these specimens, probably with the authorisa- tion of the loan Institute, before sending them back. That these, usually very small, fragments can sti II be found in the collection is very important today, especially when they come from specimens that no longer exist in their respective original Herbaria and particularly when they correspond to Typus material (see, for example, fragments from Berlin).
Other "partial" exsiccata, for example even single fruitlets, are typical of material that proprietors of private acclimatisation gardens and nurseries sent Beccari so that he could identify them and test them for their possible future cultivation, after keeping a small sample for himself.
Finally, one feature of the collection is that it consists not just of plant material but of drawings too (as many as 1,205!) by illustrators such as Anichini (Fig. I 0), B.
Scortechini and K.P. Dass, but especially Beccari himself (Fig. 11). For the most part they are black and white pen- cil drawings, sometimes tracings in Indian Ink, more rarely water-colours. They mainly consist of anatomical details, often of the reproductive organs. Those that Beccari drew himself are scientifically exact and executed with perfect naturalness, testifying the great skill of the Florentine schol- ar it this field too.
Sometimes black and white photographs of the whole or part of the plant are pinned to the sheets together with the specimen, even when the specimen itself is missing.
Beccari may have taken the photographs himself, as he used to photograph the specimens he had received on loan from other Herbaria or cultivated Palms in botanical and private gardens. Or else the technicians of the Herbaria from which Beccari had requested the material on loan may have taken them. In this respect it is interesting to note how many black and white photographs are practically illegible because, due to a processing error, they were printed back-to-front.
The vast majority of specimens have true and proper labels, that either Beccari sometimes wrote to replace the originals, or individuals (private or institutional) who sent the material. Then there is a whole series of documents (small sheets of paper, wrappers or postal envelopes, notes on the collections, paper strips with reference numbers etc.) that, especially in the absence of "classical" labels, have when necessary been used as a direct source of information for our catalogue (Fig. 12). Obviously it is far more difficult to interpret the writing on simple notes, for example, or short memoranda that may have been clear to Beccari him- self who was to read them, but for us, together with deci- phering the labels in the above mentioned back-to-front photographic prints, they were a huge and sometimes invin- cible obstacle in unravelling the data.
In all, there is a total of 6,804 specimens, mounted on approximately 11,000 sheets. The entire collection, both the exsiccata and the carpological material, has been informati- cally recorded and the printed edition of the catalogue derives from this data-base. The collection has 161 genera.
There are very few unidentified specimens (less than 5% of the total, amounting to 293 specimens of which 90 belong to the single and complex Calamus genus).
'\'
I
I
I I
{.,"'~'"'
,.,d-....
.1..,. ..../I.{.,., J. ~· ~~,~ &./a.l
r.
Fig. 9 -Original pencil drawing of Pinanga pectinata Becc.
13
/.
Fig. 10 -Pencil drawing of Hyplwe11e 1·entricosa Kirk var. amhola11de11.1i.1 by Anichini.
14
: tJrlwt"'fL
I. ,,,f l ,. J " " • .,. I , ,' . J 0
/ (; I I I I I . '~.1'.~•'· •'1 !u'"c'"" ' ' 4
1¥1.1~•1>
r' ""
'~ l""','J, .,,I,I •)
/f.il/,u.,., /i:Ji6;#1.. . '<;~
<...Ji~ :,s; ~- /I 1;.,,b /. ;: ,
BECCR~f,
Fig. 11 -Pencil drawing of Actinophloeus schumannii Becc. by 0. Beccari.
15
Fig. 12 - One of the evcral types of "label " found in the llerharium Pa/111ar11111.
arpological pecimen
Along ide the true and proper herbarium, that a we have seen i part of the Martelli Legacy, the carpological collec- tion, dried and under alcohol, hould al o be remembered.
According to the Regi ter of cce ions it contain 364 pecimen . but checking the herbarium' informatic cata- logue re ealed that there are only 214. Thi difTerence can be explained by the pre ence of purely carpological prepa- ration with no relati e herbarium specimen and ery prob- ably, thank to the Martelli Legac , to the addition offurther
pecimens from the Malay ian Herbarium that had remained together with all the Palm collection. Moreover, we discovered that the herbarium pecimcns that once belonged to Martelli and which had carpological ample attached were mi takenly included in the General Palm col- lection and are now no longer con idered a part of the 0. Beccari Herharium Palmarum.
The carpological pecimen are often ery large becau e they con i t of con picuou fronds or hea y infructe cence . They are held together with the Malay ian pecimen in the o-called "Carpoteca" of the Herbarium of Florence where they are di played on helves in 3 cabinet (Fig. 13).
Photographic plate
A truly precious appendix of thi complex a embly of material i the famou collection of photographic plate that Beccari took to complete hi herbarium. Indeed, toward the end of the I 800's he had a large photographic apparatu made by the Oscar Petazzi mpany in Milan so that he could reproduce the exsiccata of the Palm that were o dimcult and clum y to photograph. Thank to a particular de\ i e it wa po ible to take photograph with- out placing the pecimen under the gla plate. which would have und ubtedly damaged ome of the part . The entire collccti n of plates, today held in the linari Archive or Florence for con ervati n purpo e , totals 1,368 piece or various format. They arc divided into 4 series, re pcctivcly the Palmae I and II series (I, 155 plate measuring 0 x 45 cm. I 03 mea uring I x 24.5 cm, 5 mea uring 20 25 cm and 3 mea uring 25 30); Palme de/
Madagascar (51 plate mea uring 0 45 cm) and Palme Bora eae (3 plate mea uring 30 45 cm). There are also 13 plate of anthropological ubject relating to Malay ia.
Beccari used many of the plates, especially the larger one , to publish his monograph on Palm , both for the
"Annal of the Royal Botanical Garden of Calcutta", cor- re ponding to the erie Palmae I and //, on the Lepidocaryeae. and for hi " ork dedicated to the Palm fam- ily in Madaga ar and the Bora eae Tribe, v ith the abo e mentioned crie .
The print of the plates highlight Bcccari's wonderful skill a a "photographer", not only on account of his tech- nical know-how but also for hi gift of composition and artistic talent that apart from their cientific significance render each picture ae thetically attracti e too. It i worth noting that ometime Beccari did not photograph hi pec- imen a the appeared in the herbarium, but for cientific and ae thetic purpose he took the variou piece apart and re-arranged them in the be t way po ible for the photo- graphic image. ometime thi make it dimcult to a oci- ate the specimen with the photographic plate (or print) (Fig.
14).
Fig. 13 - pecimen from the Carpological ollection linked to c iccata in the Herbari11111 Palmarum.
16
TAYOt..l xxvn
HYPHAENE BENAOIRENSIS, ~.
Fig. 14 -Print from the photographic plate of Hyphaene benadirensis Becc.
17
Management of the collection
In spite of the fact that the above-mentioned interven- tions reduced the initial number of specimen packets, they are still almost the same ones and in the same order that Martelli kept, and probably Beccari too. Until today, i.e.
with computerisation of the collection, searching for genera implied consulting a special book kept by the Florence Herbarium staff, that listed them with the number of their relative packets.
Undoubtedly these numbers followed the systematic order that Beccari wanted at the time, as mentioned above.
Obviously there are some exceptions and variations, due especially to different administrative criteria in use from the time of entry into the collection up to the present. One of the most evident is the inclusion of a certain number of speci- mens several years after 1937 and therefore clearly not part of the original collection. These include items collected by R. E. G. Pichi Sermolli in the 50's of the last century; they were obviously inserted into the Herbarium Palmarum because the renowned botanist, who treated Palms, followed systematics according to Beccari (BECCARJ i" & PJCHJ SERMOLLI, 1955).
As for the recent management of the Herbarium Palmarum, the most obvious intervention is that specimens designated as Typus by specialists who visited the collec- tion, especially from the '50's of the XX century onwards, have been inserted in red covers.
With regard to the management of the loans from the col- lection, the rules of other historical collection apply in as much as specimens requested externally are photographed and the photographs are subsequently sent, often in digital format. Obviously, as we wish to respect the same, mostly original order, whenever a species undergoes taxonomical revision, the specimen maintains its original position and the revision datum is recorded in the herbarium data-base.
18
CATALOGUE OF THE HERBARIUM PALMARUM
General criteria for interpreting lists
The list of individual taxa has been drawn up in the alphabetical order of the original identification. When the same taxon appears more than once, the order is as follows:
a) geographical names of any rank in alphabetical order for each taxon (geographical area, nation, any locality in the broad sense)
b) under the same geographical name, packets are num- bered progressively
c) for specimens with no distributive data, other data such as specimen number, collection chronology and collec- tor are only taken into account when they can help inter- pretation of over-crowded lists
d) identified specimens of non-biological material are list- ed after the corresponding identified exsiccata e) unidentified specimens (first exsiccata followed by pho-
tographs and photographic plates) appear at the bottom of the list for each genus, even if subsequently reviewed.
Legend
Each specimen is provided with the following categories of data, if available, separated by(;). The various data within each category are separated by a (,)
I) Number of the packet holding the specimen The taxonomic data on the original label or, if absent, that appear directly on the sheet
When there is more than one taxonomical term (in the catalogue) for a specimen, the complete chronologi- cally oldest, or considered original, term is given.
When this was not easy to identify, the term confirmed on the flysheet of the cover or insert is used. When the determinist (Beccari or others) did not precisely place the sample at the level of genus, quoting more than one possibility (the second in brackets) this datum is faithfully reproduced. We must admit that in some cases it was extremely difficult to arrive at the taxo- nomical reference indication.
2) - Presence of material held in the carpological collec- tions associated with the exsiccatum, indicated by the following data:
C = carpological collection, specimen number (or no number =s.n.) A = specimen under alcohol or D = dried specimens
- If the specimen is present in the carpological collec- tion only, the name is preceded by***.
3) - Geographical distribution, distinguished by a first datum that includes a second of lesser territorial rank, each distinct from the other (e.g. Nation or geograph- ical area for the first datum, region or locality for the second)
Collecting number preceded by "n."
Some numbers relating to several different situations appear in this collection. The authors have considered only those relative to the collecting number, when present, or that appear on the specimen in the various
herbaria. When the two data appear together, the first is followed by the second in brackets. When there is only one number, it is always given regardless of what it refers to
- Collecting date - Collector/s
- Accession preceded by "ex" and relative data.
4) - The latest taxonomic revision preceded by "R-". [f this corresponds to the first determination, then "R" is followed by "!".
5) - Typification, depending on rank, is indicated by the following abbreviations: T= Generic Typus (enclosed some very rare Topotypi), IT=Isotypus, S=Syntypus, H=Holotypus, L=Lectotypus, N=Neotypus, I L=Isolectotypus, P=Paratypus, HL=Hololectotypus [sic] followed by taxonomic information if different from the first determination, otherwise followed by
"!".
6) - Data relative to non-biological material; these consist of photographs, drawings or photographic plates indi- cated by the following abbreviations respectively:
- Ph, followed by a number in round brackets showing the quantity
- D, followed by a number in round brackets showing the quantity
- PI, followed by three data in round brackets:
a) the first is one of the following three abbreviations: 1, Ma, Bo that briefly explain the bibliographical refer- ence of the publications where the photographs first appeared, i.e. l (Palme Lepidocaryeae, or First series), Ma (Palme del Madagascar), Bo (Palme Borasseae) b) the inventory number of the box where the plate is
kept c) plate number.
Finally, when items in the collection only consist of non-biological material (photographs or drawings) their appropriate symbols are given in bold type.
7) Incidental notes
- The "-" sign in any of these information categories serves to link two strictly related data (for example in the geographical category, a place name or a village may be linked to a province or region). ln addition( .. ) follows any datum where necessary.
All terms in italics have been added by the authors.
When any datum only has a partial meaning, it is fol- lowed by "p. p." =pro parte.
Sometimes, if there are more than one specimen on a sheet or in an insert that belong to the same species, they are taken as a single specimen.
The reason why the names of the specimens in the Herbarium Palmarum are generally in Italian is because Beccari used to write the translation of the labels into his own language on the envelopes containing fragments of the original material.
19
CATALOGUE
057, Acanthophoenix crinita Wendi.; Is. Mauritius, n. 130, ex Bogor; R-Acanthophoenix rubra (Bory) Wendi.
057, Acanthophoenix crinita Wendi.; R-Acanthophoenix rubra (Bory) Wendi.
409, Acanthophoenix crinita Wendi.; 0(2).
057, Acanthophoenix rubra Wendi.; Is. Mauritius.
057, Acanthophoenix rubra Wendi.; I . Mauritiu , ex Kew.
409, Acanthophoenix rubra Wendi.; 0(2).
389, Acanthorhiza aculeata Wendi.; Mexico, n. 820,
29/01/1 99, ex H. De Cand.
389, Acanthorhiza aculeata Wendi.; n. 283, ex Bogor.
389, Acanthorhiza aculeata Wendi.: 1878. ex Buitenzorg.
389, Acanthorhiza aculeata Wendi.; 0511878, ex Buitenzorg.
389, Acanthorhiza aculeata Wendi.; Prudhomme, ex Giardino coloniale di Nogent 11I1908.
389, Acanthorhiza aculeata Wendi.; 0(2).
389, canthorhiza war cewiczii Wendi.; Brasil, n. 20019, Glaziou, ex Glaziou 09/ 1905.
389, Acanthorhiza war ccwiczii Wendi.; n. 58 5, 09/1901.
337, Acoelorhaphe wrightii Wendi.; Cuba, Pinar del Rio, n.
914, 18/04/1905, Hermann, ex Baker 02/1909.
337, Acoelorhaphe wrightii Wendi.; Cuba, Pinar del Rio, n.
3289, 20/10/1905, Hermann, ex Baker 02/1909.
337, Acoelorhaphe wrightii Wendi.; Haiti, 05/187 , ex Buitenzorg.
337, Acoelorhaphe wrightii Wendi.; Hondura , n. 179, ex Bog or.
337, Acoelorhaphe wrightii Wendi.; Jamaica, n. 127, ex Bog or.
337, Acoelorhaphe wrightii Wendi.; , Florida.
337, Acoelorhaphe wrightii Wendi.; n. 121, ex Bogor.
337, Acoelorhaphe wrightii Wendi.; 0(1).
337, coelorhaphe wrightii Wendi.; Ph(4).
337, Acoelorhaphe p.; , Florida, ex argent.
33 7, Acoelorhaphe sp.; USA, Florida, ex Sargent 12/ 1908.
099, crocomia aculeata Lodd.; Martinica, Glou-glou, Duss, ex Berol.
099, Acrocomia aculeata Lodd.; Martinica, Glou-glou, Duss, ex Berol.
099, Acrocomia aculeata Lodd.; Portorico, Sintenis, ex Bero I.
099, Acrocomia aculeata Lodd.; n. 3972, intenis.
389, Acanthorhiza war cewiczii Wendi.; P.Henning , ex H.
Berol. 7/8/1885. 099, crocomia aculeata Lodd.
389, Acanthorhiza war cewiczii Wendi.; P.Henning , ex H.
Berol. 5/1888.
9, Acanthorhiza war cewiczii Wendi.; ex H. Bero!.; 0(2).
337, Acoelorhaphe arbore cen Becc.; USA, Florida, ex H.
argent 12/ 1898.
337, Acoelorhaphe arbore cen Becc.; U A, Florida, n.
1375, 22/05/1905, Eaton, ex H. argent.
337, Acoelorhaphe arborescens Becc.; U A, Florida-K(a- e)liskee ri ., 05/1898. Corbitt, ex H. argent.
337, Acoelorhaphe arborescens Becc.; A, Florida-
Hammond near Everglades 12/ 1898, B. horter, ex H.
Sargent.
337, Acoelorhaphe arbore cen ( arg.) Becc.; Ph(4), 0(2).
337, Acoelorhaphe arbore cens (Sarg.) Becc. v. florida; Ph(l).
337, Acoelorhaphe wrightii Wendi.; Cuba, n. 3217, ex H.
De Cand.
337, Acoelorhaphe wrightii Wendi.; uba, n. 4208, 12/1907, Baker, ex Baker 02/1909.
337, coelorhaphe wrightii Wendi.; uba, Habana, n.
396 , 06111I1907, Hermann, ex Baker 02/ 1909.
337, coelorhaphe wrightii Wendi.; uba, I la de Pinos, n.
449, 17/04/1904.
20
099, Acrocomia aculeata Lodd.; 0(2).
410, Acrocomia aculeata Lodd.; Ph(l).
099, Acrocomia crispa (H. B. et K.); n. 3223: 0(1).
099, Acrocomia crispa (H. B. et K.); n. 4566, Ph(l).
099, crocomia inrumescen Drude; Bra ii, n. 9008, G/a::iou, ex Glaziou 09/1905.
099, Acrocomia lasiospatha H. et Cuba, n. 4566, 03/1905. Baker, ex Baker 09/1909.
099, Acrocomia lasiospatha H. et . 410, crocomia la io patha Mart.; Ph(l).
099, Acrocomia rnexicana K.; Guatemala, ex olm 08/1887.
099, Acrocomia mexicana K.; Mexico. Vera Cruz, Tierra Blanca, n. 901, 07/10/1906, Ros.
409, Acrocomia mexicana Karw.; Mexico, ierra blanca, n.
90 I, 07 I 0/1906. Ross.
099, crocomia sclerocarpa Mart.; Bra ii, n. 8057, Gla::iou, ex Glaziou 09/1905.
099, Acrocomia sclerocarpa Mart.; Brasilia, n. 136.
136 D; Bra ii,
099, Acrocomia sclerocarpa Mart.; C 182 D; Bra ii, Brasilia, n. 182.
099, Acrocomia sclerocarpa Mart.
099, Acrocomia clerocarpa Mart.; n. 12953, ex Calcuna 07/1913.
099, crocomia totai Mart.
414, ctinokentia schlechteri Damm.; n. 15373, chlechter: 0(2).
042, ctinophloeus angu tifoliu BI.; . Guinea, n. 278; R- Ptychosperma. hospitum (Burrel) Burret; IT!
044, Actinophloeus furcatu Becc.; . Guinea, Beagle Bay, 02/05/1891, Giulianetti; R-Ptychosperma furcatum Becc.
043, ctinophloeus furcatu Becc.; . Guinea ingle e, lgibirei, n. I, 29/07/1 90, Loria; R-Ptychosperma fur- catum (Becc.) Becc.; H!
03 , Actinophloeus guppyanu Becc.; olomons lsl., 1885, n. 62, H. B. Guppy; H!(/i·agment); Ph( I), D( I).
03 , ctinophloeus kraemerianu Becc.; . Guinea, ew Mecklenburg, n. 113, ex Bero!.; D( I).
038, Actinophloeus kraemerianu Bee ., . Pommeriane- Muliama, 07/05/1909, Kraemer, ex Berlin; H!(frag- ment, exsiccatum in Berlin).
043, ctinophloeu macarthurii B"'cc.;
Hammond I I., 22/03/1 91, Giulianetti.
043, ctinophloeu macarthurii Becc.;
Hammond I I., 23/03/1891, Giulianetti.
043, ctinophloeu macarthurii Becc.;
Hammond lsl., Giulianetti.
043, Actinophloeus macarthurii Becc.; n. 41. 043, ctinophloeu macarthurii Becc.; n. 89.
043, ctinophloeu macarthurii Becc.; n. 199.
Guinea,
Guinea,
Guinea,
414, ctinophloeu macarthuri Becc.; n. 11541: Ph( I).
414, Actinoploeu macarthuri Becc.; Ph(l).
115. ctinophloeu anderianus Becc.; n. 178, ex Bogor;
-Ptycho perma anderianum Ridley.
03 , Actinophloeus chumannii Becc.; Guinea, Hollrung, n. 284, 1886, e Berlin.
038, Actinophloeu chumannii Becc.; N. Guinea, Gogol- Unterlauf, n. 1535, 09/11/1890, Lauterbach; R- Bra siophoenix.
038, Actinophloeu schumannii Becc.; N. Guinea, Gogoltlu , n. 857, 04/1111890, Lauterbach: R- Bra iophoeni chumanni (Becc.) Es ig;
038. Actinophloeu chumannii Becc.; R-Ptychococcu
chumannii (Becc.) Burret vel Ptycho perma p.;
Ph(I).
043, Actinophloeus sp.; . Guinea, Hammond lsl., n. 2, 22/0311891, Giulianelti.
043, Actinophloeus p.
029, Actinorhyti calapparia Wendi.; India, alcutta, n.
I 07 6, Gage, ex Gage 06/1912; R-Actinorhyti calap- paria (Blume) Wendi. et Dr. ex chefT.
029, Actinorhytis calapparia Wendi.; India, alcutta, n.
I 07 6, Gage, ex Gage 06/1912; R-Actinorhyti calap- paria (Blume) Wendi. et Dr. e cheff.
030, ctinorhytis calapparia Wendi.; . Guinea, n. 114.
030, Actinorhytis calapparia Wendi. et Dr.; . Guinea, Hollrung, ex Berlin 1889, 0(1).
030, Actinorhyti calapparia Wendi.; Mecklenburg, n. 445.
uinea, ew
030, ctinorhyti calapparia Wendi. et Dr.; Philippines, Mindanao I ., n. 11238, 06/1909, ex lmer 0411910.
030, ctinorhyti calapparia Wendi.; C 2 D; n. 2, ex Bogor.
030, ctinorhytis calapparia Wendi.; ex Buitenzorg.
029, ctinorhyti calapparia Wendi.; ex Bogor 06/1912.
414, Actinorhytis calapparia Wendi.; Ph(2).
030, Actinorhytis poaman Becc.; n. I 08.
030, ctinorhytis poaman Becc.; n. 257; Ph(2), 0(2).
410, delodyp is boiviniana Becc.; Madaga car, Boivin, ex H. Paris.
410, delodyp i gracili (Bory) Becc.; Madagascar, Boivin.
025, denolenga geelivingiana Becc.; 1888; 0(1).
025, Adenolenga geelivingiana Becc.; 0(1).
025, Adenolenga micro padix Becc.; Gomadjidji, n. 19916, 23/611909, Schlechter, ex Bero!.
025, Adenolenga micro padix Becc.; . Guinea, n. 271, Lauterbach, ex Bero!.
025, denolenga micro padix Becc.; Guinea, n. 271, Lauterbach; D(2).
025, Adenolenga micro padix Becc.; . Guinea, n. 1562, 08/11/1890, Lauterbach, ex Bero!.
025, Adenolenga micro padix Becc.: . Guinea, n. 2448, 1896, Lauterbach; R-Hydria tele microspadix (Becc.) Burret; P(par )!
025, Adenolenga micro padix Becc.; Guinea, Hatzfeldhafen, Warburg, ex Bero!.; R-Hydriastele microspadix (Becc.) Burrel; IT-Kentia micro padix Warb.
025, denolenga ra e a Becc.; . Guinea, n. I 09. ex Bero!.; IT-Hydria tele ka e a (Lauterbach) Burrel.
025, Adenolenga ra e a Becc.; D( I).
025, Adenolenga variabili Becc.; n. 274, ex Buitenzorg 6/1915; R-Hydria tele sp.
025, Adenolenga variabili Becc.; 0(1).
025, Adenolenga variabilis Becc.; 0(1).
030, Adonidia merrillii Becc.; Philippine , Manila; R!; Ph(3).
030, Adomidia merrillii Becc.; Ph(l).
414, donidia merrillii Becc.; Ph(I), 0(3).
105, Aiphane caryotaefolia Humb. et Kunt; R- iphane aculeata Willdenow.
21
305, Ancistrophyllum acutitlorum Becc.; Camerun, n. 14, ex Berlin 03/1910.
305, Ancistrophyllum acutitlorum Becc.; Camerun, Ebolowa, ex Berlin 03/ 1910.
305, Ancistrophyllum acutitlorum Becc.; Camerun, Udiam, n. 292, 1892, P. Dusen.
305, Ancistrophyllum acutitlorum Becc.; Camerun occi- dentale, Victoria, n. 1232, I 0/04/I 894, Preuss.
305, Ancistrophyllum acutitlorum Becc.; Africa tropicale, Victoria-Bimbia (or Birubia) ?, n. 1232, I 0/04/I 894, Preuss.
304, Ancistrophyllum acutitlorum Becc.; n. 392, ex Bogor;
R-Laccospermum secunditlorum (De Beauv.) Kuntze. 305, Ancistrophyllum acutitlorum Becc.; n. 2, Tessmann.
305, Ancistrophyllum acutitlorum Becc.; n. 13, ex Berlin 03/1910.
305, Ancistrophyllum acutitlorum 031191 O; R-Laccospermum Beauv.) Kuntze.
Becc.; ex Berlin secunditlorum (de
411, Ancistrophyllum acutitlorum Becc.; 0(1 ).
305, Ancistrophyllum opacum Dr.; Africa Trop. Tedesca, Ahonangi, 12/04/ 1909, Tessmann, ex Herb. Bero I.
305, Ancistrophyllum opacum Dr.; Camerun, ex Berlin 03/1910.
305, Ancistrophyllum opacum Dr.; Camerun, Sanchu, n.
1487, 03/I 2/1908, Ledermann, ex Herb. Bero!.
305, Ancistrophyllum opacum Dr.; Congo, Ruwenzori- Beni, n. 2190 (2818), 1907, Mildbread, ex Herb. di Berlino.
305, Ancistrophyllum opacum Dr.; Gabon, Sibange, n. 155, 1880, Soyaux, ex Herb. Bero!.
305, Ancistrophyllum opacum Dr.; Spanish Guinea, kolensagan, n. A, Tessmann, ex Herb. Bero!.
305, Ancistrophyllum opacum Dr.; Spanish Guinea, Nkolensagan, 05/I 2/1907, Tessmann, ex Herb. Bero!.
305, Ancistrophyllum opacum Dr.; Spanish Guinea, Ntum gebiet, n. 1910, Wolfert, ex Hamburg 01/1911.
304, Ancistrophyllum secundiflorum Mann et Wendi.; Camerun, Bezirk Diak, ex Berlin 03/1910.
304, Ancistrophyllum secunditlorum Mann et Wendi.; Camerun, Campo, ex Berlin 03/1910.
304, Ancistrophyllum secunditlorum Mann et Wendi.;
Camerun, Duala, n. 34, ex Berlin 03/1910.
304, Ancistrophyllum secunditlorum Mann et Wendi.;
Kamerun, J. Albrechts, ex Berlin 03/I 910.
304, Ancistrophyllum secundiflorum Mann et Wendi.;
Nigeria (o Sierra Leone), Nu(n-m) river, , n. 453, Mann, ex H. di Berl.
304, Ancistrophyllum secunditlorum Mann et Wendi.;
Nigeria (or Sierra Leone), n. 4, 1859, Barter C., ex Kew 07 II 889.
22
304, Ancistrophyllum secunditlorum Mann et Wendi.; Nigeria? (Niger exp.), ex Mann 1860.
304, Ancistrophyllum secunditlorum Mann et Wendi.; J.
Albrechts, ex Berlin 03/1910.
304, Ancistrophyllum secunditlorum Mann et Wendi.
411, Ancistrophyllum secunditlorum Mann et Wendi.;
0(1).
028, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Australia, n. 2, 1887, ex Melbourne 12/1909.
029, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Australia, Endeavour, n. 1882, Persich.
028, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Australia, Queensland, 1870.
028, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Australia, Queensland, n. 16, 1886, Sayer, Treub, ex Treub 1887.
028, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W. et Dr.; Australia, Mackay River, Fitzalan; R-Archontophoenix alexan- drae (F. v. Muell.) H. Wendi. et Dr.
029, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Australia, Mount Elliot, Fitzalan; IT-A. alexandrae H.W. v. Beatricae (F.
v. Mueller) White ex Bailey.
029, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Australia, Mount Elliot, n. 322, 1881, Fitzalan; IT-A. alexandrae H.W. v.
Beatricae (F. v. Mueller) White ex Bailey.
028, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Australia, N.
Queensland, ex Mueller 0 I /1879.
028, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Australia, Russell River, n. 1886, Sayer.
028, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Djawa, Bogor, 1878; R-Archontophoenix alexandrae (F. v. Muell.) H.
Wendi. et Dr.
028, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Djawa, Bogor, Treub, ex Treub 1887.
028, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Djawa, Bogor, Treub, ex Treub 1887; R-Archontophoenix alexandrae (F. v. Muell.) H. Wendi. et Dr.
029, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Djawa, n. 61, ex Bogor.
029, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Djawa, n. 44, ex Bogor; R-Archontophoenix alexandrae (F. v. Muell.) H. Wendi. et Dr.
029, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Djawa, n. 322, ex Bogor; R-Archontophoenix alexandrae (F. v. Muell.) H. Wendi. et Dr.
028, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; ex Mueller 1887. 028, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.; Persich.
028, Archontophoenix alexandrae H. W.
414, Archonthophoenix alexandrae Wendi. et Dr.; Djawa, ex Buitenzorg; D(2).
414, Archonthophoenix alexandrae Muell.; 0(2).
