223 Index Index223

Index

223 14-3-3, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease testing, 28, 32 A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), case definition of defining illnesses, 147–149 human immunodeficiency virus,

classification of infection, 150 surveillance case definition, 150, 151 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy,

149, 152

Acute ischemic cerebrovascular syndrome (AICS), 14, 15

AD, see Alzheimer’s disease

Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency, 83–85 ADHD, see Attention deficit hyperactivity

disorder

Adjustment sleep disorder, 214 Advanced sleep-phase syndrome, 219 Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, 79, 80 AICS, see Acute ischemic cerebrovascular

syndrome

AIDS, see Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Alcohol,

dementia association, 21, 22 intoxication, 29, 33

sleep disorders, 215, 216 withdrawal state, 38 Alexander’s disease, 83, 86, 87 ALS, see Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Altitude insomnia, 217

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 21, 23, 24, 25 Amnestic syndrome, 41

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 183, 187, 190, 191

Angelman syndrome, 83, 88, 89 Arboviral infection, 152, 153 Asperger’s syndrome, 24 Asthma, sleep disorders, 217

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 23, 25, 26

Autism, spectrum of disorders, 23, 24, 26, 27 B

Becker’s muscular dystrophy, 185 Borrelia burgdorferi, see Lyme disease

Brain death,

American Academy of Neurology criteria, 69–71

children, 69, 72, 75 state requirements, 69 C

CADASIL, see Cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy

California serogroup encephalitis/meningitis, 152, 153

Cancer-related fatigue, 199, 200 Cannabinoids,

intoxication, 34 withdrawal state, 39

Central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome, 217 Central sleep apnea syndrome, 216, 217 Cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with

subcortical infarcts and leukoencephal- opathy (CADASIL), 11, 12

Cerebral palsy, 179

Cerebrospinal fluid fistula headache, 119 Cervicogenic headache, 111–113 CHARGE syndrome, 89–91

Childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination/vanishing white matter, 91, 92

Childhood disintegrative disorder, 24, 26, 28 Chronic fatigue syndrome, 199–202

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneur- opathy (CIDP), 179–184

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep disorders, 217

CIDP, see Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

CJD, see Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Cluster headache, 113

Cocaine,

intoxication, 35 withdrawal state, 39 Coma, 76

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), 199, 202–204

Computed tomography (CT), stroke imaging,mography (CT), stroke imaging, 17, 18

Confusional awwakenings, 219 Conversion disorder, 28

Corticobasal degeneration, 161, 162 Cowden syndrome, 92–94

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), electroencephalography, 29, 32 14-3-3 testing, 28, 32

neuropathological criteria, 31 new variant disease, 30 World Health Organization,

diagnostic criteria, 29 subtypes, 30

CRPS, see Complex regional pain syndrome CT, see Computed tomography

D

Delayed sleep-phase syndrome, 218, 219 Delirium, 28, 29, 32, 40

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 33–35, 41–44 Dependence syndrome, 38

Dermatomyositis, 190, 193, 195 Diagnosis,

contextual considerations, 3, 4 definition, 1

induction versus deduction, 2, 3 modeling of process, 4

probabilistic models, 6, 7 standardized criteria,

barriers to development, 4, 5 establishment, 4

Disease, definition, 1

DLB, see Dementia with Lewy bodies Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, 185 Dystonia, DYT1 mutations, 162 DYT1, dystonia mutations, 162 E

Early myoclonic encephalopathy, 79, 80 Eastern equine encephalitis/meningitis, 152, 153 Electroencephalography,

brain death in children, 72 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 29, 32 Endocarditis, see Infective endocarditis Environmental sleep disorder, 215 Epilepsy,

Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, 79, 80 early myoclonic encephalopathy, 79, 80

idiopathic localized related epilepsies 79 80 idiopathic localized-related epilepsies, 79, 80 Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 79, 80

mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, 79–81 sleep-related, 220

sudden unexpected death, 81 Essential tremor (ET), 162, 163 ET, see Essential tremor

External compression headache, 114 F

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), 181, 186

Fahr’s disease, 163, 164

Familial hemiplegic migraine, 121, 122 Fatal familial insomnia, 221

Fatigue,

cancer-related fatigue, 199, 200 chronic fatigue syndrome, 199–202 multiple sclerosis, 199, 204 Fibromyalgia, 204

Fibrositis, 222

FMR1, fragile X syndrome mutation, 94 Food allergy insomnia, 215

Fragile X syndrome, 93–95 Frazer syndrome, 95 Friedreich’s ataxia, 95, 96 Frontotemporal dementia (FTD),

clinical criteria, 44 clinical presentation, 42

frontotemporal lobar degeneration, 45–48, 54–59

gene mutations, 38, 42

neuropathological subtypes, 45

FSHD, see Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

FTD, see Frontotemporal dementia G

Gastroesophageal reflux, sleep-related, 221 GBS, see Guillain-Barre syndrome

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), 181, 182, 186, 187 H

Hachinski ischemia score, vascular dementia, 15, 17

Hallucinogens, intoxication, 36 withdrawal state, 40 Harmful use, 37

Head injury, minor head injury, 204, 205 Headache,

cerebrospinal fluid fistula headache, 119 cogenic headache, 111–113 cervic

er headache, 113 cluste

nal compression headache, 114 extern

crania continua, 114–116 hemic

athic intracranial hypertension, 115, 118 idiopa

hecal injection headache, 114 intrath

ar puncture headache, 114–116, 119 lumba

cation-overuse headache, 116, 120 medic

aine,

migra see Migraine xysmal hemicrania, 117 parox

on headache, 121–123 tensio

ania continua, 114–116 Hemicra

ary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 96 Heredita

immunodeficiency virus,

Human i see Acquired

mmunodeficiency syndrome im

jerks, 217 Hypnic j

cs, Hypnotic

ication, 35 intoxi

disorders, 216 sleep

withdrawal state, 39 withd

I

IBM, see Inclusion body myositis

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, 115, 118 Idiopathic localized-related epilepsy (ILRE),

79, 80 Illness, definition, 1

RE,

ILR see Idiopathic localized-related epilepsy lusion body myositis (IBM), 182, 183 Incl

ective endocarditis, 153, 154 Infe

omnia, Inso

altitude insomnia, 217 a

fatal familial insomnia, 221 f

food allergy insomnia, 215 f

idiopathic insomnia, 221 i

inadequate sleep hygiene, 214 i

movement disorders, 217, 218 m

psychophysiological, 214 sleep-related asthma, 217

Instruments, development for diagnostic measurement, 6, 7

Intoxication, 29, 33–37

Intrathecal injection headache, 114 J

Jet-lag, 218

L

2 Laryngospasm, sleep-related, 222 Leg cramps, nocturnal, 218 Leg cramps nocturnal 218 Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 79, 80 Limit-setting sleep disorder, 214 Locked-in syndrome, 76

Lumbar puncture headache, 114–116, 119 Lyme disease, 154, 155

M

Machado-Joseph disease, 96, 97 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),

multiple sclerosis, 63, 65, 66 stroke imaging, 18

MCI, see Mild cognitive impairment MCS, see Minimally conscious state Medication-overuse headache, 116, 120 Menstrual-associated sleep disorder, 222 Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), 79–81 Migraine,

basilar type, 117, 118, 121, 122 chronic, 117, 121

familial hemiplegic migraine, 121, 122 migraine with aura, 120

migraine without aura, 120 vestibulopathy, 121

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 42–44, 48 Minimally conscious state (MCS), 73, 74 Mitochondrial disorders,

biochemical criteria, 99

combined biochemical and general criteria, 100 general criteria, 97–99

respiratory chain disorders, 100, 101 Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined

significance, demyelinating polyneuropa- thy association, 183

Motor neuron disorders, clinical classification, 189 MRI, see Magnetic resonance imaging

MS, see Multiple sclerosis

MSA, see Multiple system atrophy MTLE, see Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy Multifocal motor neuropathy, 187, 188, 192 Multiple sclerosis (MS),

fatigue, 199, 204

magnetic resonance imaging, 63, 65, 66 McDonald criteria, 65

Poser criteria, 64 Schumacher criteria, 64

Multiple system atrophy (MSA), 164–166

Munchausen syndrome by proxy, 44, 48, 49 Muscular dystrophy,

Becker’s muscular dystrophy, 185 Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, 185 facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy,

181, 186

Myasthenia gravis, 188, 189, 192 Myotonic dystrophy, 189, 192–194 N

Narcolepsy, 209–311

Neuro-Sweet disease (NSD), 127, 128 Neurocysticercosis, 155, 156

Neurofibromatosis type 1, 100, 101 Neurofibromatosis type 2, 101, 102

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 164, 166–169 Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), 63, 64, 66, 67 Neurosyphilis, 156

Nicotine,

intoxication, 37 withdrawal state, 40 Night terrors, 220 Nightmares, 220

NMO, see Neuromyelitis optica

Nocturnal eating/drinking syndrome, 214 Nocturnal myoclonus, 218

Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, 218 Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder, 219 Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), 48–51 NOTCH3, CADASIL mutations, 11

NPH, see Normal pressure hydrocephalus NSD, see Neuro-Sweet disease

O

Obsessive-compulsive disorder, 49, 52 Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, 216 Olfactory reference syndrome, 52, 53 Opioids,

intoxication, 34 withdrawal state, 39

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, 96 P

Pain,

definition, 205, 206 syndromes, 206 PANDAS syndrome, 164

Paraneoplastic syndromes, 127–129

Parkinson’s disease (PD), 165, 167, 171, 220

Paroxysmal hemicrania, 117

Paroxysomal kinesiegenic dyskinesia (PKD), 167, 170, 172

PD, see Parkinson’s disease PEHO syndrome, 102

Periodic limb movement disorder, 217 Periventricular leukomalacia, 11

Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, 27

PKD, see Paroxysomal kinesiegenic dyskinesia Polio, post-polio syndrome, 194, 195

Polyarteritis nodosa, 127, 129 Polymyalgia rheumatica, 130, 143 Polymyositis, 190, 193, 195

Powassan encephalitis/meningitis, 152, 153 Prader-Willi syndrome, 103, 104

Pregnancy-associated sleep disorder, 222 Primary lateral sclerosis, 187, 191 Primary progressive aphasia, 52, 53

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, human immunodeficiency virus associa- tion, 149, 152

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 170, 172–174

PSP, see Progressive supranuclear palsy Psychophysiological insomnia, 214 Psychotic disorder,

diagnostic criteria, 40

residual and late-onset psychotic disorder, 41 PTEN, mutation in disease, 92

R

Rabies, 156

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, 218 Restless legs syndrome (RLS),

children, 213 clinical features, 212

cognitively impaired elderly, 212, 213 diagnostic criteria, 211–213

epidemiology, 209 etiology, 209 sleep disorders, 217 Rett’s syndrome, 24, 103–105

Rheumatic fever, Jones criteria for acute disease, 127, 128

Rheumatoid arthritis, 130, 131 Rhythmic movement disorder, 218 RLS, see Restless legs syndrome

S

St. Louis encephalitis/meningitis, 152, 153 Schwannomatosis, 106

Sedatives,

intoxication, 35 withdrawal state, 39 Shift-work sleep disorder, 218 Silent cerebral infarction, 12 Sjögren’s syndrome, 130–132

SLE, see Systemic lupus erythematosus Sleep apnea syndrome, 209, 210, 216, 217 Sleep choking syndrome, 221

Sleep disorder with alcoholism, 215 Sleep disorder with anxiety disorders, 215 Sleep disorder with mood disorders, 215 Sleep disorder with panic disorders, 215 Sleep disorder with psychoses, 215 Sleep drunkenness, 219

Sleep-onset association disorder, 214 Sleep state misperception, 221 Sleep–wake pattern, irregular, 219 SMA, see Spinal muscular atrophy Solvents,

intoxication, 37 withdrawal state, 40

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), 194–196 Stiff-person syndrome, 170, 175

Stimulants, intoxication, 36 sleep disorders, 216 withdrawal state, 40 Stroke,

definition, 11 imaging, 17, 18

silent cerebral infarction, 12 types,

acute ischemic cerebrovascular syndrome, 14, 15 intracerebral hemorrhage, 13 ischemic stroke, 13

subarachnoid hemorrhage, 13, 14 Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, 157 Sudden unexpected death, epilepsy, 81

SUNCT syndrome, 118 Syphilis, 156

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), case definitions, 134–142

classification, 133

neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythemato- sus, 131, 134–143

T

Takayasu’s arteritis, 143 TBI, see Traumatic brain injury Temporal arteritis, 143, 144 Tension headache, 121–123

Terrifying hypnagogic hallucinations, 222 Tic disorders,

chronic tic disorder, 174 diagnostic guidelines, 171, 172 ICD-10, 173

Tourette syndrome, 173, 175 transient tic disorder, 175, 176 Tourette syndrome, 173, 175 Toxin-induced sleep disorder, 216 Transient global amnesia, 52, 53 Transverse myelitis, 64, 65, 67 Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

minor head injury, 204, 205, second-impact syndrome, 206, 207 Tremor rating scale, 163

Tuberous sclerosis, 106, 107 V

Vascular dementia,

diagnostic criteria, 15–17 Hachinski ischemia score, 15, 17 Vegetative state, 74–77

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, 144, 145 W

West Nile encephalitis/meningitis, 152, 153 Western equine encephalitis/meningitis, 152, 153 Whipple’s disease, 157, 158

Withdrawal states, 38–40